References
- Düll MM, Kremer AE. Management of chronic hepatic itch. Dermatol Clin. 2018 Jul;36(3):293–300.
- Mollanazar NK, Sethi M, Rodriguez RV, et al. Retrospective analysis of data from an itch center: integrating validated tools in the electronic health record. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016 Oct;75(4):842–844.
- Yosipovitch G, Rosen JD, Hashimoto T. Itch: from mechanism to (novel) therapeutic approaches. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Nov;142(5):1375–1390.
- Kini SP, DeLong LK, Veledar E, et al. The impact of pruritus on quality of life: the skin equivalent of pain. Arch Dermatol. 2011 Oct;147(10):1153–1156.
- Steinke S, Zeidler C, Riepe C, et al. Humanistic burden of chronic pruritus in patients with inflammatory dermatoses: results of the European academy of dermatology and venereology network on assessment of severity and burden of pruritus (PruNet) cross-sectional trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018 Sep;79(3):457–63.e5.
- Ständer S, Steinke S, Augustin M, et al. Quality of life in psoriasis vulgaris: use of the itchyQoL questionnaire in a secukinumab phase III trial in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Acta Derm Venereol. 2019;99(11–12):1085–1090.
- Rehman IU, Lai PS, Kun LS, et al. Chronic kidney disease‐associated pruritus and quality of life in malaysian patients undergoing hemodialysis. Ther Apheresis Dialysis. 2020;24(1):17–25.
- Xu T, Shetty AK, Badiger S, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of pruritus and association with quality of life in people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2018 May;55(5):e4–e7.
- Brenaut E, Halvorsen JA, Dalgard FJ, et al. The self-assessed psychological comorbidities of prurigo in European patients: a multicentre study in 13 countries. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019 Jan;33(1):157–162.
- Murase JE, Heller MM, Butler DC. Safety of dermatologic medications in pregnancy and lactation: part I. Pregnancy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Mar;70(3):401.e1-14 quiz 15. .
- Pereira MP, Zeidler C, Storck M, et al. Challenges in clinical research and care in pruritus. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020 Jan 7;100(2):adv00028.
- Simpson EL, Guttman-Yassky E, Margolis DJ, et al. Association of inadequately controlled disease and disease severity with patient-reported disease burden in adults with atopic dermatitis. JAMA Dermatol. 2018;154(8):903–912.
- Yosipovitch G, Reaney M, Mastey V, et al. Peak pruritus numerical rating scale: psychometric validation and responder definition for assessing itch in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 2019 Oct;181(4):761–769.
- Kimball AB, Naegeli AN, Edson-Heredia E, et al. Psychometric properties of the itch numeric rating scale in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2016 Jul;175(1):157–162.
- Kalamaha K, Reis E, Newton S, et al. Atopic dermatitis: a review of evolving targeted therapies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2019;15(3):275–288.
- Weisshaar E, Szepietowski JC, Dalgard FJ, et al. European S2k guideline on chronic pruritus. Acta Derm Venereol. 2019 Apr 1;99(5):469–506.
- Dawn A, Papoiu AD, Chan YH, et al. Itch characteristics in atopic dermatitis: results of a web-based questionnaire. Br J Dermatol. 2009 Mar;160(3):642–644.
- Elewski B, Alexis AF, Lebwohl M, et al. Itch: an under-recognized problem in psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019 Aug;33(8):1465–1476.
- Stefanidou M, Evangelou G, Kontodimopoulos N, et al. Willingness to pay and quality of life in patients with pruritic skin disorders. Arch Dermatol Res. 2019 Apr;311(3):221–230.
- Zimmermann M, Rind D, Chapman R, et al. Economic evaluation of dupilumab for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a cost-utility analysis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018 Jul 1;17(7):750–756.
- Zachariae R, Zachariae C, Ibsen HH, et al. Psychological symptoms and quality of life of dermatology outpatients and hospitalized dermatology patients. Acta Derm Venereol. 2004;84(3):205–212.
- Hashimoto T, Kursewicz CD, Fayne RA, et al. Pathophysiologic mechanisms of itch in bullous pemphigoid. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Jul;83(1):53–62.
- Nattkemper LA, Martinez-Escala ME, Gelman AB, et al. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and pruritus: the expression of IL-31 and its receptors in the skin. Acta Derm Venereol. 2016 Nov 2;96(7):894–898.
- Yosipovitch G, Berger T, Fassett MS. Neuroimmune interactions in chronic itch of atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020 Feb;34(2):239–250.
- Mollanazar NK, Smith PK, Yosipovitch G. Mediators of chronic pruritus in atopic dermatitis: getting the itch out? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2016 Dec;51(3):263–292.
- Oetjen LK, Mack MR, Feng J, et al. Sensory neurons co-opt classical immune signaling pathways to mediate chronic itch. Cell. 2017 Sep 21;171(1):217–28.e13.
- Jariwala SP, Abrams E, Benson A, et al. The role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in the immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2011 Nov;41(11):1515–1520.
- Bogiatzi SI, Fernandez I, Bichet JC, et al. Cutting Edge: proinflammatory and Th2 cytokines synergize to induce thymic stromal lymphopoietin production by human skin keratinocytes. J Immunol. 2007 Mar 15;178(6):3373–3377.
- Seshasayee D, Lee WP, Zhou M, et al. In vivo blockade of OX40 ligand inhibits thymic stromal lymphopoietin driven atopic inflammation. J Clin Invest. 2007 Dec;117(12):3868–3878.
- Lou H, Lu J, Choi EB, et al. Expression of IL-22 in the skin causes Th2-Biased immunity, epidermal barrier dysfunction, and pruritus via stimulating epithelial Th2 cytokines and the GRP pathway. J Immunol. 2017 Apr 1;198(7):2543–2555.
- Nograles KE, Zaba LC, Shemer A, et al. IL-22-producing “T22” T cells account for upregulated IL-22 in atopic dermatitis despite reduced IL-17-producing TH17 T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009 Jun;123(6):1244–52.e2.
- Hijnen D, Knol EF, Gent YY, et al. CD8(+) T cells in the lesional skin of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis patients are an important source of IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-17, and IL-22. J Invest Dermatol. 2013 Apr;133(4):973–979.
- Ayasse MT, Buddenkotte J, Alam M, et al. Role of neuroimmune circuits and pruritus in psoriasis. Exp Dermatol. 2020 Apr;29(4):414–426.
- Nattkemper LA, Tey HL, Valdes-Rodriguez R, et al. The genetics of chronic itch: gene expression in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis with severe itch. J Invest Dermatol. 2018 Jun;138(6):1311–1317.
- He A, Alhariri JM, Sweren RJ, et al. Aprepitant for the treatment of chronic refractory pruritus. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:4790810.
- Yu H, Zhao T, Liu S, et al. MRGPRX4 is a bile acid receptor for human cholestatic itch. Elife. 2019 Sep 10;8:e48431.
- Roblin D, Yosipovitch G, Boyce B, et al. Topical TrkA Kinase Inhibitor CT327 is an effective, novel therapy for the treatment of pruritus due to psoriasis: results from experimental studies, and efficacy and safety of CT327 in a Phase 2b clinical trial in patients with psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2015 May;95(5):542–548.
- Skoff AM, Adler JE. Nerve growth factor regulates substance P in adult sensory neurons through both TrkA and p75 receptors. Exp Neurol. 2006 Feb;197(2):430–436.
- Fowler E, Yosipovitch G. Chronic itch management: therapies beyond those targeting the immune system. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2019 Aug;123(2):158–165.
- Hashimoto T, Yosipovitch G. Itching as a systemic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019 Aug;144(2):375–380.
- Schaper-Gerhardt K, Rossbach K, Nikolouli E, et al. The role of the histamine H(4) receptor in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Br J Pharmacol. 2020 Feb;177(3):490–502.
- Mirzahosseini A, Dalmadi B, Csutora P. Histamine receptor H4 regulates mast cell degranulation and IgE induced FcεRI upregulation in murine bone marrow-derived mast cells. Cell Immunol. 2013 May 01;283(1):38–44.
- Damsky W, King BA. JAK inhibitors in dermatology: the promise of a new drug class. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Apr;76(4):736–744.
- Ruzicka T, Hanifin JM, Furue M, et al. Anti-interleukin-31 receptor A antibody for atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2017 Mar 2;376(9):826–835.
- Kabashima K, Furue M, Hanifin JM, et al. Nemolizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: randomized, phase II, long-term extension study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Oct;142(4):1121–30.e7.
- Silverberg JI, Pinter A, Pulka G, et al. Phase 2B randomized study of nemolizumab in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis and severe pruritus. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Jan;145(1):173–182.
- Ständer S, Yosipovitch G, Legat FJ, et al. Trial of nemolizumab in moderate-to-severe prurigo nodularis. N Engl J Med. 2020 Feb 20;382(8):706–716.
- Kiniksa pharmaceuticals L. Kiniksa announces Phase 2 clinical trial of vixarelimab (KPL-716) in prurigo nodularis meets efficacy endpoint; 2020 April 22 [cited 2020 May 21]. Available from: https://investors.kiniksa.com/events/event-details/kiniksa-announces-phase-2-clinical-trial-vixarelimab-kpl-716-prurigo-nodularis
- Wollenberg A, Howell MD, Guttman-Yassky E, et al. Treatment of atopic dermatitis with tralokinumab, an anti-IL-13 mAb. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019 Jan;143(1):135–141.
- Park B Tralokinumab Safe, Effective in Phase 3 atopic dermatitis trials; 2019 December 12 [cited 2020 May 21]. Available from: https://www.empr.com/home/news/drugs-in-the-pipeline/tralokinumab-safe-effective-in-phase-3-atopic-dermatitis-trials/
- Simpson EL, Flohr C, Eichenfield LF, et al. Efficacy and safety of lebrikizumab (an anti-IL-13 monoclonal antibody) in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis inadequately controlled by topical corticosteroids: A randomized, placebo-controlled phase II trial (TREBLE). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018 May;78(5):863–71.e11.
- Review PB Dermira secures FDA fast track status for lebrikizumab in atopic dermatitis; 2019 December 11 [cited 2020 May 20]. Available from: https://www.pharmaceutical-business-review.com/news/dermira-lebrikizumab-fda-fast-track/
- Guttman-Yassky E, Brunner PM, Neumann AU, et al. Efficacy and safety of fezakinumab (an IL-22 monoclonal antibody) in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis inadequately controlled by conventional treatments: A randomized, double-blind, phase 2a trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018 May;78(5):872–81.e6.
- Pinto-Almeida T, Torres T. Biologic therapy for psoriasis - still searching for the best target. An Bras Dermatol. 2014 Mar-Apr;89(2):365–367.
- Simpson EL, Parnes JR, She D, et al. Tezepelumab, an anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: A randomized phase 2a clinical trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019 Apr;80(4):1013–1021.
- AnaptysBio. AnaptysBio reports etokimab atlas phase 2b clinical trial in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis fails to meet primary endpoint; [cited 2020 Jul 14]. Available from: https://ir.anaptysbio.com/news-releases/news-release-details/anaptysbio-reports-etokimab-atlas-phase-2b-clinical-trial
- Guttman-Yassky E, Pavel AB, Zhou L, et al. GBR 830, an anti-OX40, improves skin gene signatures and clinical scores in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019 Aug;144(2):482–93.e7.
- Papp KA, Gooderham MJ, Girard G, et al. Phase I randomized study of KHK4083, an anti-OX40 monoclonal antibody, in patients with mild to moderate plaque psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017 Aug;31(8):1324–1332.
- Arm JP, Bottoli I, Skerjanec A, et al. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of QGE031 (ligelizumab), a novel high-affinity anti-IgE antibody, in atopic subjects. Clin Exp Allergy. 2014 Nov;44(11):1371–1385.
- Maurer M, Giménez-Arnau AM, Sussman G, et al. Ligelizumab for chronic spontaneous urticaria. N Engl J Med. 2019 Oct 3;381(14):1321–1332.
- Pfizer announces positive top line results from second pivotal phase 3 study of investigational oral JAK1 candidate, abrocitinib, in patients aged 12 and older with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis 2019; 2019 September 27 [cited 2020 May 21]; Available from: https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer_announces_positive_top_line_results_from_second_pivotal_phase_3_study_of_investigational_oral_jak1_candidate_abrocitinib_in_patients_aged_12_and_older_with_moderate_to_severe_atopic_dermatitis
- Gooderham MJ, Forman SB, Bissonnette R, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral janus kinase 1 inhibitor abrocitinib for patients with atopic dermatitis: a phase 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2019 Oct 2;155(12):1371–1379.
- Pfizer announces positive top-line results from thrid phase 3 trial of abrocitinib for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, which showed improvements in skin clearance, disease extent and severity, and itch; 2020 March 18 [cited 2020 May 21]. Available from: https://investors.pfizer.com/investor-news/press-release-details/2020/Pfizer-Announces-Positive-Top-Line-Results-from-Third-Phase-3-Trial-of-Abrocitinib-for-Moderate-to-Severe-Atopic-Dermatitis-Which-Showed-Improvements-in-Skin-Clearance-Disease-Extent-and-Severity-and-Itch/default.aspx
- Pfizer receives breakthrough therapy designation from FDA for PF-04965842, an oral JAK1 inhibitor, for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis; 2018 [cited 2020 May 21]. Available from: https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer_receives_breakthrough_therapy_designation_from_fda_for_pf_04965842_an_oral_jak1_inhibitor_for_the_treatment_of_patients_with_moderate_to_severe_atopic_dermatitis
- PharmaIntelligence. Abrocitinib; [cited 2020 May 21]. Available from: https://pharmaintelligence.informa.com/products-and-services/data-and-analysis/pharmaprojects
- Guttman-Yassky E, Thaçi D, Pangan AL, et al. Upadacitinib in adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: 16-week results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Mar;145(3):877–884.
- Papp KA, Menter MA, Raman M, et al. A randomized phase 2b trial of baricitinib, an oral Janus kinase (JAK) 1/JAK2 inhibitor, in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2016 Jun;174(6):1266–1276.
- Simpson EL, Lacour JP, Spelman L, et al. Baricitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis and inadequate response to topical corticosteroids: results from two randomized monotherapy phase III trials. Br J Dermatol. 2020 Jan 5;10.1111/bjd.18898.
- Tanimoto A, Ogawa Y, Oki C, et al. Pharmacological properties of JTE-052: a novel potent JAK inhibitor that suppresses various inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. Inflammation Res. 2015 Jan 01;64(1):41–51.
- Nakagawa H, Nemoto O, Igarashi A, et al. Delgocitinib ointment, a topical Janus kinase inhibitor, in adult patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study and an open-label, long-term extension study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Apr;82(4):823–831.
- Worm M, Bauer A, Elsner P, et al. Efficacy and safety of topical delgocitinib in patients with chronic hand eczema: data from a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled phase IIa study. Br J Dermatol. 2020 May;182(5):1103–1110.
- Kim BS, Howell MD, Sun K, et al. Treatment of atopic dermatitis with ruxolitinib cream (JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor) or triamcinolone cream. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Feb;145(2):572–582.
- Kim BS, Sun K, Papp K, et al. Effects of ruxolitinib cream on pruritus and quality of life in atopic dermatitis: results from a phase 2, randomized, dose-ranging, vehicle- and active-controlled study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(6):1305–1313.
- Tsianakas A, Zeidler C, Riepe C, et al. Aprepitant in Anti-histamine-refractory chronic nodular prurigo: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, Phase-II trial (APREPRU). Acta Derm Venereol. 2019 Apr 1;99(4):379–385.
- Lönndahl L, Holst M, Bradley M, et al. Substance P antagonist aprepitant shows no additive effect compared with standardized topical treatment alone in patients with atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2018 Mar 13;98(3):324–328.
- Zic JA, Straka BT, McGirt LY, et al. Aprepitant for the treatment of pruritus in sézary syndrome: a randomized crossover clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2018 Oct 1;154(10):1221–1222.
- Yosipovitch G, Ständer S, Kerby MB, et al. Serlopitant for the treatment of chronic pruritus: results of a randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018 May;78(5):882–91.e10.
- Menlo therapeutics’ serlopitant granted breakthrough therapy designation by FDA for the treatment of pruritus associated with prurigo nodularis; 2019 Jan 15 [ cited 2020 May 20]. Available from: https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/01/15/1691693/0/en/Menlo-Therapeutics-Serlopitant-Granted-Breakthrough-Therapy-Designation-by-FDA-for-the-Treatment-of-Pruritus-Associated-with-Prurigo-Nodularis.html
- Pariser DM, Bagel J, Lebwohl M, et al. Serlopitant for psoriatic pruritus: A phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Jan 30;82(6):1314–1320.
- Ständer S, Kwon P, Hirman J, et al. Serlopitant reduced pruritus in patients with prurigo nodularis in a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019 May;80(5):1395–1402.
- Chiou AS, Choi S, Barriga M, et al. Phase 2 trial of a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of chronic itch in patients with epidermolysis bullosa: A randomized clinical trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Jun;82(6):1415–1421.
- Menlo therapeutics announces results from two phase 3 clinical trials of serlopitant for the treatment of pruritus associated with prurigo nodularis; 2020 April 6 [cited 2020 May 20]. Available from: http://ir.menlotherapeutics.com/news-releases/news-release-details/menlo-therapeutics-announces-results-two-phase-3-clinical-trials
- Menlo therapeutics announces results from phase 2 trial of serlopitant in patients with chronic pruritus of unknown origin; 2020 Feb 26 [cited 2020 May 21]. Available from: http://www.menlotherapeutics.com/newsroom/menlo-therapeutics-announces-results-from-phase-2-trial-of-serlopitant-in-patients-with-chronic-pruritus-of-unknown-origin/
- Heitman A, Xiao C, Cho Y, et al. Tradipitant improves worst itch and disease severity in patients with chronic pruritus related to atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;79(3):AB300.
- Vanda reports results from the EPIONE study of tradipitant in the treatment of pruritus in atopic dermatitis; 2020 February 25 [cited 2020 May 20]. Available from: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vanda-reports-results-from-the-epione-study-of-tradipitant-in-the-treatment-of-pruritus-in-atopic-dermatitis-301011169.html
- Fishbane S, Jamal A, Munera C, et al. A phase 3 trial of difelikefalin in hemodialysis patients with pruritus. N Engl J Med. 2020 Jan 16;382(3):222–232.
- Cara receives breakthrough therapy designation from FDA for I.V. CR845 for the treatment of chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus in hemodialysis patients; 2017 June 23 [cited 2020 May 20]. Available from: http://ir.caratherapeutics.com/news-releases/news-release-details/cara-receives-breakthrough-therapy-designation-fda-iv-cr845
- Cara therapeutics announces positive results from KALM-1 Pivotal Phase 3 trial of KORSUVA™ injection in hemodialysis patients with pruritus; 2019 May 29 [cited 2020 May 20]. Available from: http://ir.caratherapeutics.com/news-releases/news-release-details/cara-therapeutics-announces-positive-results-kalm-1-pivotal
- Tominaga M, Ogawa H, Takamori K. Possible roles of epidermal opioid systems in pruritus of atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 2007 Sep;127(9):2228–2235.
- Mathur VS, Kumar J, Crawford PW, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of nalbuphine ER Tablets for uremic pruritus. Am J Nephrol. 2017;46(6):450–458.
- Trevi therapeutics announces positive results from phase 2 trial in prurigo nodularis; 2016 October 13 [cited 2020 May 20]. Available from: https://www.trevitherapeutics.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/TreviPNToplineDataPR.10_.13_.16_.FINAL_.pdf
- Sienna biopharmaceuticals announces its topical, non-steroidal TrkA inhibitor SNA-120 (0.05%) demonstrated significant impact on psoriasis in phase 2b study and plans to initiate phase 3 psoriasis trials in second half of 2019; 2018 December 3 [cited 2020 May 20]. Available from: https://investors.siennabio.com/news-releases/news-release-details/sienna-biopharmaceuticals-announces-its-topical-non-steroidal
- Sienna biopharmaceuticals reports fourth quarter and full year 2018 financial results; 2019 March 14 [cited 2020 May 20]. Available from: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1656328/000119312519074151/d718739dex991.htm
- Hanifin JM, Ellis CN, Frieden IJ, et al. OPA-15406, a novel, topical, nonsteroidal, selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor, in the treatment of adult and adolescent patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD): A phase-II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016 Aug;75(2):297–305.
- Nemoto O, Hayashi N, Kitahara Y, et al. Effect of topical phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor E6005 on Japanese children with atopic dermatitis: results from a randomized, vehicle-controlled exploratory trial. J Dermatol. 2016 Aug;43(8):881–887.
- Furue M, Kadono T, Tsuji G, et al. Topical E6005/RVT-501, a novel phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2017 Dec;26(12):1403–1408.
- Topical roflumilast cream ARQ 151 clinical development; [cited 2020 May 20]. Available from: https://arcutis.com/trial/arq-151/
- Murata Y, Song M, Kikuchi H, et al. Phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, parallel-group study of a H4 R-antagonist (JNJ-39758979) in Japanese adults with moderate atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol. 2015 Feb;42(2):129–139.
- Werfel T, Layton G, Yeadon M, et al. Efficacy and safety of the histamine H(4) receptor antagonist ZPL-3893787 in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019 May;143(5):1830–7.e4.
- Frankel E, Song M, Li S, et al. Efficacy and safety of toreforant, a selective histamine H4 receptor antagonist, for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: results from a phase 2 multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018 Aug 1;17(8):873–879.
- Al-Dury S, Wahlström A, Wahlin S, et al. Pilot study with IBAT inhibitor A4250 for the treatment of cholestatic pruritus in primary biliary cholangitis. Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 27;8(1):6658.
- Hegade VS, Kendrick SF, Dobbins RL, et al. Effect of ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor GSK2330672 on pruritus in primary biliary cholangitis: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover, phase 2a study. Lancet. 2017 Mar 18;389(10074):1114–1123.
- Mayo MJ, Pockros PJ, Jones D, et al. A randomized, controlled, phase 2 study of maralixibat in the treatment of itching associated with primary biliary cholangitis. Hepatol Commun. 2019 Mar;3(3):365–381. DOI:10.1002/hep4.1305
- Shreberk-Hassidim R, Ramot Y, Zlotogorski A. Janus kinase inhibitors in dermatology: A systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Apr;76(4):745–53.e19.
- What is the list price of DUPIXENT? 2019 November [cited 2020 May 20]. Available from: https://www.dupixent.com/dupixent-pricing
- Wu JJ, Feldman SR, Rastogi S, et al. Comparison of the cost-effectiveness of biologic drugs used for moderate-to-severe psoriasis treatment in the United States. J Dermatolog Treat. 2018 Dec;29(8):769–774.
- Duarte A, Mebrahtu T, Goncalves PS, et al. Adalimumab, etanercept and ustekinumab for treating plaque psoriasis in children and young people: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2017 Nov;21(64):1–244.
- McCamish M, Yoon W, McKay J. Biosimilars: biologics that meet patients’ needs and healthcare economics. Am J Manag Care. 2016 Sep;22(13 Suppl):S439–s42.