The role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of psoriasis – a focus on resistin, omentin-1 and vaspin

References

• Kershaw EE, Flier JS. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(6):2548–2556. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-0395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Zhang S, Li Z. Adipokines in glucose and lipid metabolism. Adipocyte. 2023;12(1):2202976. doi: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2202976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boehncke WH, Schön MP. Psoriasis. Lancet. 2015;386(9997):983–994. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61909-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Słuczanowska-Głabowska S, Staniszewska M, Marchlewicz M, et al. Adiponectin, leptin and resistin in patients with psoriasis. J Clin Med. 2023;12(2):663. doi: 10.3390/jcm12020663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi H, Tsuji H, Honma M, et al. Increased plasma resistin and decreased omentin levels in Japanese patients with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res. 2013;305(2):113–116. doi: 10.1007/s00403-012-1310-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noe MH, Shin DB, Wan MT, et al. Objective measures of psoriasis severity predict mortality: a prospective population-based cohort study. J Invest Dermatol. 2018;138(1):228–230. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.841
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egeberg A, Andersen YMF, Thyssen JP. Prevalence and characteristics of psoriasis in Denmark: findings from the Danish skin cohort. BMJ Open. 2019;9(3):e028116. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damiani G, Bragazzi NL, Karimkhani Aksut C, et al. The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Psoriasis: results and insights from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. Front Med. 2021;8:743180. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.743180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim WB, Jerome D, Yeung J. Diagnosis and management of psoriasis. Can Fam Physician. 2017;63(4):278–285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Micali G, Verzì AE, Giuffrida G, et al. Inverse psoriasis: from diagnosis to current treatment options. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2019;12:953–959. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S189000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menter A, Van Voorhees AS, Hsu S. Pustular psoriasis: a narrative review of recent developments in pathophysiology and therapeutic options. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2021;11(6):1917–1929. doi: 10.1007/s13555-021-00612-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh RK, Lee KM, Ucmak D, et al. Erythrodermic psoriasis: pathophysiology and current treatment perspectives. Psoriasis. 2016;6:93–104. doi: 10.2147/PTT.S101232
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FitzGerald O, Ogdie A, Chandran V, et al. Psoriatic arthritis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7(1):59. doi: 10.1038/s41572-021-00293-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loo WY, Tee YC, Han WH, et al. Predictive factors of psoriatic arthritis in a diverse population with psoriasis. J Int Med Res. 2024;52(1):3000605231221014. doi: 10.1177/03000605231221014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prashant P, Garg R, Kataria U, et al. Autoimmune thyroid disease in psoriasis patients: a case-control study. Cureus. 2023;15(12):e50197. doi: 10.7759/cureus.50197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daugaard C, Iversen L, Hjuler KF. Comorbidity in adult psoriasis: considerations for the clinician. Psoriasis (Auckl). 2022;12:139–150. doi: 10.2147/PTT.S328572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trafford AM, Parisi R, Kontopantelis E, et al. Association of psoriasis with the risk of developing or dying of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol. 2019;155(12):1390–1403. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.3056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagi L, Trau H. The koebner phenomenon. Clin Dermatol. 2011;29(2):231–236. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.09.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vičić M, Kaštelan M, Brajac I, et al. Current concepts of psoriasis immunopathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(21):11574. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikutama R, Peng G, Tsukamoto S, et al. Cathelicidin LL-37 activates human keratinocyte autophagy through the P2X₇, mechanistic target of rapamycin, and MAPK pathways. J Invest Dermatol. 2023;143(5):751–61.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.10.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lande R, Botti E, Jandus C, et al. The antimicrobial peptide LL37 is a T-cell autoantigen in psoriasis. Nat Commun. 2014;5(1):5621. doi: 10.1038/ncomms6621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim TG, Kim SH, Lee MG. The origin of skin dendritic cell network and its role in psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;19(1):42. doi: 10.3390/ijms19010042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlaak JF, Buslau M, Jochum W, et al. T cells involved in psoriasis vulgaris belong to the Th1 subset. J Invest Dermatol. 1994;102(2):145–149. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12371752
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurtovic NO, Halilovic EK. Serum concentrations of Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) in patients with psoriasis: correlation with clinical type and severity of the disease. Med Arch. 2018;72(6):410–413. doi: 10.5455/medarh.2018.72.410-413
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aguilar-Flores C, Castro-Escamilla O, Ortega-Rocha EM, et al. Association of pathogenic Th17 cells with the disease severity and its potential implication for biological treatment selection in psoriasis patients. Mediators Inflamm. 2020;2020:8065147. doi: 10.1155/2020/8065147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Deshpande M, Grisotto M, et al. Skin expression of IL-23 drives the development of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in mice. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):8259. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65269-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou Y, Zhu L, Tian H, et al. IL-23-induced macrophage polarization and its pathological roles in mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasis. Protein Cell. 2018;9(12):1027–1038. doi: 10.1007/s13238-018-0505-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puig L. The role of IL 23 in the treatment of psoriasis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2017;13(6):525–534. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2017.1292137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Belle AB, de Heusch M, Lemaire MM, et al. IL-22 is required for imiquimod-induced psoriasiform skin inflammation in mice. J Immunol. 2012;188(1):462–469. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mashiko S, Bouguermouh S, Rubio M, et al. Human mast cells are major IL-22 producers in patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(2):351–9.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu J, Song Z, Yang X, et al. Increased circulating follicular helper T cells and activated B cells correlate with disease severity in patients with psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29(9):1791–1796. doi: 10.1111/jdv.13027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato Y, Ogawa E, Okuyama R. Role of innate immune cells in psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(18):6604. doi: 10.3390/ijms21186604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao S, Fang H, Dang E, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote inflammatory responses in psoriasis via activating epidermal TLR4/IL-36R crosstalk. Front Immunol. 2019;10:746. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benhadou F, Glitzner E, Brisebarre A, et al. Epidermal autonomous VEGFA/Flt1/Nrp1 functions mediate psoriasis-like disease. Sci Adv. 2020;6(2):eaax5849. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aax5849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Tai Z, Zhu C, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor a VEGFA inhibition: an effective treatment strategy for psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;25(1):59. doi: 10.3390/ijms25010059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi CW, Kim BR, Yang S, et al. Regulatory T cells suppress skin inflammation in the imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. J Dermatol Sci. 2020;98(3):199–202. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.04.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karagianni F, Pavlidis A, Malakou LS, et al. Predominant role of mTOR signaling in skin diseases with therapeutic potential. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(3):1693. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin MJ, Kim HS, Lee P, et al. Mechanistic investigation of WWOX function in NF-kB-induced skin inflammation in psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;25(1):167. doi: 10.3390/ijms25010167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuart PE, Tsoi LC, Nair RP, et al. Transethnic analysis of psoriasis susceptibility in South Asians and Europeans enhances fine-mapping in the MHC and genomewide. HGG Adv. 2022;3(1):100069. doi: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100069
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mateu-Arrom L, Puig L. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of psoriasis. Genes (Basel). 2023;14(8):1619. doi: 10.3390/genes14081619
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snekvik I, Smith CH, Nilsen TIL, et al. Obesity, waist circumference, weight change, and risk of incident psoriasis: prospective data from the HUNT study. J Invest Dermatol. 2017;137(12):2484–2490. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han JH, Lee JH, Han KD, et al. Increased risk of psoriasis in subjects with abdominal obesity: a nationwide population-based study. J Dermatol. 2019;46(8):695–701. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.14939
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norden A, Rekhtman S, Strunk A, et al. Risk of psoriasis according to body mass index: a retrospective cohort analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;86(5):1020–1026. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.06.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osman A, Nigro A, Taylor AC, et al. The effects of cardiometabolic comorbidities on biologic treatment for psoriasis with respect to PASI scores: a qualitative systematic review. Psoriasis (Auckl). 2024;14:1–10. doi: 10.2147/PTT.S441642
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Armstrong AW, Pathophysiology RC. Clinical presentation, and treatment of psoriasis: a review. JAMA. 2020;323(19):1945–1960. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steppan CM, Bailey ST, Bhat S, et al. The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes. Nature. 2001;409(6818):307–312. doi: 10.1038/35053000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holcomb IN, Kabakoff RC, Chan B, et al. FIZZ1, a novel cysteine-rich secreted protein associated with pulmonary inflammation, defines a new gene family. Embo J. 2000;19(15):4046–4055. doi: 10.1093/emboj/19.15.4046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steppan CM, Brown EJ, Wright CM, et al. A family of tissue-specific resistin-like molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98(2):502–506. doi: 10.1073/pnas.98.2.502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel L, Buckels AC, Kinghorn IJ, et al. Resistin is expressed in human macrophages and directly regulated by PPAR gamma activators. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;300(2):472–476. doi: 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02841-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McManus DD, Lyass A, Ingelsson E, et al. Relations of circulating resistin and adiponectin and cardiac structure and function: the Framingham Offspring Study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012;20(9):1882–1886. doi: 10.1038/oby.2011.32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin Q, Johns RA. Resistin family proteins in pulmonary diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2020;319(3):L422–L34. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00040.2020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison WJ, Bull JJ, Seltmann H, et al. Expression of lipogenic factors galectin-12, resistin, SREBP-1, and SCD in human sebaceous glands and cultured sebocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 2007;127(6):1309–1317. doi: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reilly MP, Lehrke M, Wolfe ML, et al. Resistin is an inflammatory marker of atherosclerosis in humans. Circulation. 2005;111(7):932–939. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000155620.10387.43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haugen F, Jørgensen A, Drevon CA, et al. Inhibition by insulin of resistin gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. FEBS Lett. 2001;507(1):105–108. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02968-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shojima N, Sakoda H, Ogihara T, et al. Humoral regulation of resistin expression in 3T3-L1 and mouse adipose cells. Diabetes. 2002;51(6):1737–1744. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.51.6.1737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajala MW, Lin Y, Ranalletta M, et al. Cell type-specific expression and coregulation of murine resistin and resistin-like molecule-alpha in adipose tissue. Mol Endocrinol. 2002;16(8):1920–1930. doi: 10.1210/me.2002-0048
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaser S, Kaser A, Sandhofer A, et al. Resistin messenger-RNA expression is increased by proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;309(2):286–290. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bokarewa M, Nagaev I, Dahlberg L, et al. Resistin, an adipokine with potent proinflammatory properties. J Immunol. 2005;174(9):5789–5795. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.9.5789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang S, Park DW, Tadie JM, et al. Human resistin promotes neutrophil proinflammatory activation and neutrophil extracellular trap formation and increases severity of acute lung injury. J Immunol. 2014;192(10):4795–4803. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302764
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kusminski CM, da Silva NF, Creely SJ, et al. The in vitro effects of resistin on the innate immune signaling pathway in isolated human subcutaneous adipocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(1):270–276. doi: 10.1210/jc.2006-1151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azzam ZE, Elneily D, Elgayar N, et al. Serum levels of resistin and its relationship with some pro-inflammatory cytokines in a cohort of Egyptian patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Endocr Metabolic Sci. 2020;1:100054. doi: 10.1016/j.endmts.2020.100054
   Google Scholar
• Gao J, Deng M, Li Y, et al. Resistin as a systemic inflammation-related biomarker for sarcopenia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Nutr. 2022;9:921399. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.921399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen WC, Lu YC, Kuo SJ, et al. Resistin enhances IL-1β and TNF-α expression in human osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts by inhibiting miR-149 expression via the MEK and ERK pathways. Faseb J. 2020;34(10):13671–13684. doi: 10.1096/fj.202001071R
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son YM, Ahn SM, Jang MS, et al. Immunomodulatory effect of resistin in human dendritic cells stimulated with lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;376(3):599–604. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.09.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son YM, Ahn SM, Kim GR, et al. Resistin enhances the expansion of regulatory T cells through modulation of dendritic cells. BMC Immunol. 2010;11(1):33. doi: 10.1186/1471-2172-11-33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li Y, Yang Q, Cai D, et al. Resistin, a novel host defense peptide of innate immunity. Front Immunol. 2021;12:699807. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HJ, Lee YS, Won EH, et al. Expression of resistin in the prostate and its stimulatory effect on prostate cancer cell proliferation. BJU Int. 2011;108(2 Pt 2):E77–83. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09813.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Senolt L, Housa D, Vernerová Z, et al. Resistin in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue, synovial fluid and serum. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(4):458–463. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.054734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieva-Vazquez A, Pérez-Fuentes R, Torres-Rasgado E, et al. Serum resistin levels are associated with adiposity and insulin sensitivity in obese Hispanic subjects. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2014;12(2):143–148. doi: 10.1089/met.2013.0118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlenker SM, Munhoz SI, Busanello AR, et al. Resistin serum levels and its association with clinical profile and carotid intima-media thickness in psoriasis: a cross-sectional study. An Bras Dermatol. 2023;98(6):799–805. doi: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.10.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coimbra S, Oliveira H, Reis F, et al. Circulating adipokine levels in Portuguese patients with psoriasis vulgaris according to body mass index, severity and therapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24(12):1386–1394. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03647.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang H, Shen E, Tang S, et al. Increased serum resistin levels correlate with psoriasis: a meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis. 2015;14(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s12944-015-0039-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnston A, Arnadottir S, Gudjonsson JE, et al. Obesity in psoriasis: leptin and resistin as mediators of cutaneous inflammation. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159(2):342–350. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08655.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dikbas O, Tosun M, Bes C, et al. Serum levels of visfatin, resistin and adiponectin in patients with psoriatic arthritis and associations with disease severity. Int J Rheum Dis. 2016;19(7):672–677. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.12444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyriakou A, Patsatsi A, Sotiriadis D, et al. Effects of treatment for psoriasis on circulating levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2018;179(2):273–281. doi: 10.1111/bjd.16437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi H, Tsuji H, Ishida-Yamamoto A, et al. Serum level of adiponectin increases and those of leptin and resistin decrease following the treatment of psoriasis. J Dermatol. 2013;40(6):475–476. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.12122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cacciapuoti S, Megna M, Salza E, et al. The effect of tildrakizumab on adipokines production in patients affected by psoriasis and obesity: preliminary results from a single center real-life study. J Dermatol Treat. 2024;35(1):2291323. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2291323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman WA, Levine AD, Massari JV, et al. IL-6 signaling in psoriasis prevents immune suppression by regulatory T cells. J Immunol. 2009;183(5):3170–3176. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803721
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman RM, Krueger J, Yourish D, et al. Interleukin 6 is expressed in high levels in psoriatic skin and stimulates proliferation of cultured human keratinocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989;86(16):6367–6371. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.16.6367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furue K, Ito T, Furue M. Differential efficacy of biologic treatments targeting the TNF-α/IL-23/IL-17 axis in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Cytokine. 2018;111:182–188. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.08.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pine GM, Batugedara HM, Nair MG. Here, there and everywhere: Resistin-like molecules in infection, inflammation, and metabolic disorders. Cytokine. 2018;110:442–451. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pivarcsi A, Bodai L, Réthi B, et al. Expression and function of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in human keratinocytes. Int Immunol. 2003;15(6):721–730. doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxg068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song PI, Park YM, Abraham T, et al. Human keratinocytes express functional CD14 and toll-like receptor 4. J Invest Dermatol. 2002;119(2):424–432. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01847.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu F, Xu J, Xiong X, et al. Salidroside inhibits MAPK, NF-κB, and STAT3 pathways in psoriasis-associated oxidative stress via SIRT1 activation. Redox Rep. 2019;24(1):70–74. doi: 10.1080/13510002.2019.1658377
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garcia-Rodriguez S, Arias-Santiago S, Perandrés-López R, et al. Increased gene expression of Toll-like receptor 4 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27(2):242–250. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04372.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai R, Xian D, Xiong X, et al. Proanthocyanidins: novel treatment for psoriasis that reduces oxidative stress and modulates Th17 and treg cells. Redox Rep. 2018;23(1):130–135. doi: 10.1080/13510002.2018.1462027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu XJ, Li CY, Dai HY, et al. Expression and localization of the activated mitogen-activated protein kinase in lesional psoriatic skin. Exp Mol Pathol. 2007;83(3):413–418. doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2007.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z, Wang X, Pan H, et al. Resistin promotes CCL4 expression through toll-like receptor-4 and activation of the p38-MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways: implications for intervertebral disc degeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2017;25(2):341–350. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai HC, Cheng SP, Han CK, et al. Resistin enhances angiogenesis in osteosarcoma via the MAPK signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY). 2019;11(21):9767–9777. doi: 10.18632/aging.102423
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hsieh YY, Shen CH, Huang WS, et al. Resistin-induced stromal cell-derived factor-1 expression through toll-like receptor 4 and activation of p38 MAPK/NFκB signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells. J Biomed Sci. 2014;21(1):59. doi: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-59
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silswal N, Singh AK, Aruna B, et al. Human resistin stimulates the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-12 in macrophages by NF-kappaB-dependent pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;334(4):1092–1101. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowes MA, Suárez- Fariñfariñas M, Krueger JG. Immunology of psoriasis. Annu Rev Immunol. 2014;32(1):227–255. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kagami S, Rizzo HL, Lee JJ, et al. Circulating Th17, Th22, and Th1 cells are increased in psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. 2010;130(5):1373–1383. doi: 10.1038/jid.2009.399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eyerich S, Eyerich K, Pennino D, et al. Th22 cells represent a distinct human T cell subset involved in epidermal immunity and remodeling. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(12):3573–3585. doi: 10.1172/JCI40202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhuang L, Ma W, Yan J, et al. Evaluation of the effects of IL‑22 on the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes in vitro. Mol Med Rep. 2020;22(4):2715–2722. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Cesare A, Di Meglio P, Nestle FO. The IL-23/Th17 axis in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129(6):1339–1350. doi: 10.1038/jid.2009.59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou L, Ivanov II, Spolski R, et al. IL-6 programs T(H)-17 cell differentiation by promoting sequential engagement of the IL-21 and IL-23 pathways. Nat Immunol. 2007;8(9):967–974. doi: 10.1038/ni1488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veldhoen M, Hocking RJ, Atkins CJ, et al. TGFbeta in the context of an inflammatory cytokine milieu supports de novo differentiation of IL-17-producing T cells. Immunity. 2006;24(2):179–189. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.01.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bovenschen HJ, van de Kerkhof PC, van Erp PE, et al. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells of psoriasis patients easily differentiate into IL-17A-producing cells and are found in lesional skin. J Invest Dermatol. 2011;131(9):1853–1860. doi: 10.1038/jid.2011.139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di T, Zhai C, Zhao J, et al. Taxifolin inhibits keratinocyte proliferation and ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse model via regulating cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 and PPAR-γ pathway. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021;99:107900. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivasami P, Elkins C, Diaz-Saldana PP, et al. Obesity-induced dysregulation of skin-resident PPARγ + Treg cells promotes IL-17A-mediated psoriatic inflammation. Immunity. 2023;56(8):1844–61.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang RZ, Lee MJ, Hu H, et al. Identification of omentin as a novel depot-specific adipokine in human adipose tissue: possible role in modulating insulin action. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;290(6):E1253–61. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00572.2004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan X, Kaminga AC, Wen SW, et al. Omentin-1 in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE. 2019;14(12):e0226292. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperling M, Grzelak T, Pelczyńska M, et al. Association of Serum Omentin-1 concentration with the content of adipose tissue and glucose tolerance in subjects with central obesity. Biomedicines. 2023;11(2):331. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11020331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakry OA, El Farargy S, Ghanayem N, et al. Serum Omentin-1 in Psoriasis. Indian J Dermatol. 2018;63(1):85–87. doi: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_222_17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Zhu KJ, Liu JL, et al. Omentin-1 plasma levels and omentin-1 expression are decreased in psoriatic lesions of psoriasis patients. Arch Dermatol Res. 2015;307(5):455–459. doi: 10.1007/s00403-015-1549-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ismail SA, Mohamed SA. Serum levels of visfatin and omentin-1 in patients with psoriasis and their relation to disease severity. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167(2):436–439. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10980.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko CY, Lin YY, Achudhan D, et al. Omentin-1 ameliorates the progress of osteoarthritis by promoting IL-4-dependent anti-inflammatory responses and M2 macrophage polarization. Int J Biol Sci. 2023;19(16):5275–5289. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.86701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe K, Watanabe R, Konii H, et al. Counteractive effects of omentin-1 against atherogenesis†. Cardiovasc Res. 2016;110(1):118–128. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvw016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamawaki H, Kuramoto J, Kameshima S, et al. Omentin, a novel adipocytokine inhibits TNF-induced vascular inflammation in human endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011;408(2):339–343. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Gao Y, Lin F, et al. Omentin-1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced U937 macrophages activation by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2020;679:108187. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tao M, Yan W, Chen C, et al. Omentin-1 ameliorates experimental inflammatory bowel disease via Nrf2 activation and redox regulation. Life Sci. 2023;328:121847. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou H, Zhang Z, Qian G, et al. Omentin-1 attenuates adipose tissue inflammation via restoration of TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2020;34(6):721–735. doi: 10.1111/fcp.12575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson KV, Deng M, Ting JP. The NLRP3 inflammasome: molecular activation and regulation to therapeutics. Nat Rev Immunol. 2019;19(8):477–489. doi: 10.1038/s41577-019-0165-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvoza N, Giraudi P, Gazzin S, et al. The potential role of omentin-1 in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: evidence from translational studies. J Transl Med. 2023;21(1):906. doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-04770-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma L, Zhang X, Zhang C, et al. Omentin-1 attenuates inflammation and barrier damage in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2022;41(3):221–230. doi: 10.4149/gpb_2022012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Amico F, Costantino G, Salvatorelli L, et al. Inverse correlation between the expression of AMPK/SIRT1 and NAMPT in psoriatic skin: a pilot study. Adv Med Sci. 2022;67(2):262–268. doi: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen H, Sha Y, Huang J, et al. The roles of AMPK-mediated autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy in a mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis. Am J Transl Res. 2021;13(11):12626–12637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin SH, Chuang HY, Ho JC, et al. Treatment with TNF-α inhibitor rectifies M1 macrophage polarization from blood CD14+ monocytes in patients with psoriasis independent of STAT1 and IRF-1 activation. J Dermatol Sci. 2018;91(3):276–284. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.05.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebholz B, Haase I, Eckelt B, et al. Crosstalk between keratinocytes and adaptive immune cells in an IkappaBalpha protein-mediated inflammatory disease of the skin. Immunity. 2007;27(2):296–307. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.05.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren X, Zhong W, Li W, et al. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate psoriasis through TNF-α/NF-κB/MMP13 pathway. Inflammation. 2023;46(3):987–1001. doi: 10.1007/s10753-023-01785-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hseu JH, Chan CI, Vadivalagan C, et al. Tranexamic acid improves psoriasis-like skin inflammation: Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023;166:115307. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Tang B, Zheng X, et al. Analysis of the potential pyroptosis mechanism in psoriasis and experimental validation of NLRP3 in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023;124(Pt A):110811. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110811
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mao J, Ma X, Zhu J, et al. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates psoriasis-like skin lesions by suppressing proliferation and NLRP3 inflammasomes in keratinocytes. J Food Biochem. 2022;46(5):e14053. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.14053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiao P, Zhang C, Yu J, et al. Quinolinic acid, a tryptophan metabolite of the skin microbiota, Negatively Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome through AhR in psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. 2022;142(8):2184–93.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.01.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YJ, Bae JH, Kang SG, et al. Pro-oxidant status and Nrf2 levels in psoriasis vulgaris skin tissues and dimethyl fumarate-treated HaCaT cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2017;40(9):1105–1116. doi: 10.1007/s12272-017-0955-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma C, Gu C, Lian P, et al. Sulforaphane alleviates psoriasis by enhancing antioxidant defense through KEAP1-NRF2 pathway activation and attenuating inflammatory signaling. Cell Death Dis. 2023;14(11):768. doi: 10.1038/s41419-023-06234-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He Y, Jia H, Yang Q, et al. Specific activation of CB2R ameliorates psoriasis-like skin lesions by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. Inflammation. 2023;46(4):1255–1271. doi: 10.1007/s10753-023-01805-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L, Fan X, Cui T, et al. Nrf2 promotes keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis through up-regulation of keratin 6, keratin 16, and keratin 17. J Invest Dermatol. 2017;137(10):2168–2176. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.05.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao M, Luo J, Xiao B, et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress links psoriasis vulgaris with keratinocyte inflammation. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2020;37(1):34–40. doi: 10.5114/ada.2020.93382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue Y, Jiang L, Cheng Q, et al. Adipokines in psoriatic arthritis patients: the correlations with osteoclast precursors and bone erosions. PLOS ONE. 2012;7(10):e46740. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046740
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senolt L, Polanská M, Filková M, et al. Vaspin and omentin: new adipokines differentially regulated at the site of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(7):1410–1411. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.119735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Y, Li X, Ke J, et al. Increased expression of omentin-1 is associated with synovitis and bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2024. doi: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/7pcgv7
   Google Scholar
• Xu L, Zhu GB, Wang L, et al. Synovial fluid omentin-1 levels are inversely correlated with radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis. J Investig Med. 2012;60(3):583–586. doi: 10.2310/JIM.0b013e31824443cb
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hida K, Wada J, Eguchi J, et al. Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor: a unique insulin-sensitizing adipocytokine in obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102(30):10610–10615. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0504703102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurowska P, Mlyczyńska E, Dawid M, et al. Review: Vaspin (SERPINA12) expression and function in endocrine cells. Cells. 2021;10(7):1710. doi: 10.3390/cells10071710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakatsuka A, Wada J, Iseda I, et al. Vaspin is an adipokine ameliorating ER stress in obesity as a ligand for cell-surface GRP78/MTJ-1 complex. Diabetes. 2012;61(11):2823–2832. doi: 10.2337/db12-0232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurowska P, Mlyczyńska E, Dawid M, et al. Role of vaspin in porcine ovary: effect on signaling pathways and steroid synthesis via GRP78 receptor and protein kinase A†. Biol Reprod. 2020;102(6):1290–1305. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurowska P, Mlyczyńska E, Dawid M, et al. In vitro effects of Vaspin on porcine granulosa cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis by activation of GRP78 receptor and several kinase signaling pathways including MAP3/1, AKT, and STAT3. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(22):5816. doi: 10.3390/ijms20225816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner J, Zieger K, Pippel J, et al. Molecular mechanisms of vaspin action - from adipose tissue to skin and bone, from blood vessels to the brain. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1111:159–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tindall CA, Möhlis K, Rapöhn I, et al. LRP1 is the cell-surface endocytosis receptor for vaspin in adipocytes. FEBS J. 2024;291(10):2134–2154. doi: 10.1111/febs.16991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dizen-Namdar N, Akcilar R, Bayat Z. Association between vaspin rs2236242 gene polymorphism and psoriasis vulgaris. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2020;33(6):317–322. doi: 10.1159/000512124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayed KS, Said ER, Mohammed FN, et al. Down-regulation of tissue levels of serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) in psoriasis vulgaris patients: a possible mechanism of narrowband ultraviolet B radiation. Arch Dermatol Res. 2019;311(8):637–641. doi: 10.1007/s00403-019-01947-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ataseven A, Kesli R. Novel inflammatory markers in psoriasis vulgaris: vaspin, vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), and YKL-40. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2016;151(3):244–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiluk P, Baran A, Kaminski TW, et al. Decreased levels of vaspin and its potential association with cardiometabolic risk in patients with psoriasis: preliminary results. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2022;39(2):307–315. doi: 10.5114/ada.2021.103383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saalbach A, Tremel J, Herbert D, et al. Anti-inflammatory action of keratinocyte-derived Vaspin: relevance for the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Am J Pathol. 2016;186(3):639–651. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.10.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coban M, Tasli L, Turgut S, et al. Association of adipokines, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Ann Dermatol. 2016;28(1):74–79. doi: 10.5021/ad.2016.28.1.74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saalbach A, Vester K, Rall K, et al. Vaspin–a link of obesity and psoriasis? Exp Dermatol. 2012;21(4):309–312. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01460.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zieger K, Weiner J, Krause K, et al. Vaspin suppresses cytokine-induced inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via inhibition of NFκB pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2018;460:181–188. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang GZ, Zhang K, Yang SQ, et al. VASPIN reduces inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress of renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting HMGB1 and relieves renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24(17):8968–8977. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202009_22839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Fu Y, Xiong S. Keratinocyte derived HMGB1 aggravates psoriasis dermatitis via facilitating inflammatory polarization of macrophages and hyperproliferation of keratinocyte. Mol Immunol. 2023;163:1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Zhou H, Zheng H, et al. Autophagy-based unconventional secretion of HMGB1 by keratinocytes plays a pivotal role in psoriatic skin inflammation. Autophagy. 2021;17(2):529–552. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1725381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao JP, Xu LH, Ran JS, et al. Vaspin prevents leptin‑induced inflammation and catabolism by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor‑κB in rat chondrocytes. Mol Med Rep. 2017;16(3):2925–2930. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6911
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerman AA, Bozkurt S, Sav A, et al. Serum leptin levels, skin leptin and leptin receptor expression in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159(4):820–826. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08742.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ke X, Chen X, Yan L, et al. Vaspin contributes to autophagy and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via PI3K-/AKT-mTOR pathway. Acta Histochem. 2022;124(4):151881. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Ke X, Li Z, et al. Vaspin prevents myocardial injury in rats model of diabetic cardiomyopathy by enhancing autophagy and inhibiting inflammation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019;514(1):1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia J, Zhang Y, Wang Q, et al. Cycloastragenol restrains keratinocyte hyperproliferation by promoting autophagy via the miR-145/STC1/Notch1 axis in psoriasis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2024;46(2):229–239. doi: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2300310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Kaplan N, Wang S, et al. Autophagy plays a positive role in induction of epidermal proliferation. Faseb J. 2020;34(8):10657–10667. doi: 10.1096/fj.202000770RR
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colak S, Omma A, Sandikci SC, et al. Vaspin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and apolipoprotein levels in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2019;120(1):65–69. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2019_010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen OK. Fetuin, a New Globulin Isolated from Serum. Nature. 1944;154(3914):575. doi: 10.1038/154575a0
   Google Scholar
• Olmaz R, Selen T, Gungor O. Vascular calcification inhibitors and cardiovascular events in peritoneal dialysis patients. Ther Apher Dial. 2024;28(2):169–181. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.14091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-Sotelo D, Roca-Rivada A, Larrosa-García M, et al. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue express and secrete functional alpha2hsglycoprotein (fetuin a) especially in obesity. Endocrine. 2017;55(2):435–446. doi: 10.1007/s12020-016-1132-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pal D, Dasgupta S, Kundu R, et al. Fetuin-A acts as an endogenous ligand of TLR4 to promote lipid-induced insulin resistance. Nat Med. 2012;18(8):1279–1285. doi: 10.1038/nm.2851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren Q, Liu Z, Wu L, et al. C/EBPβ: The structure, regulation, and its roles in inflammation-related diseases. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023;169:115938. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Sama AE. Anti-inflammatory role of fetuin-A in injury and infection. Curr Mol Med. 2012;12(5):625–633. doi: 10.2174/156652412800620039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shehata WA, Basha MA, Gayed IM, et al. Relationship between disease severity and fetuin-A levels in patients with psoriasis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2020;86(5):586–588. doi: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_355_19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borsky P, Fiala Z, Andrys C, et al. C-reactive protein, chemerin, fetuin-A and osteopontin as predictors of cardiovascular risks in persons with psoriasis vulgaris. Physiol Res. 2021;70(3):383–391. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.934654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genc M, Can M, Guven B, et al. Evaluation of serum Fetuin-A and Osteoprotegerin Levels in patients with psoriasis. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2017;32(1):90–94. doi: 10.1007/s12291-016-0570-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Przepiera-Będzak H, Fischer K, Brzosko M. Serum Interleukin-18, Fetuin-A, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and Endothelin-1 in Ankylosing Spondylitis, Psoriatic Arthritis, and SAPHO Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(8):1255. doi: 10.3390/ijms17081255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirbaş A, Kurtipek GS, Tunçez A, et al. The role of cystatin-C and fetuin-A in the determination of early atherosclerotic risk in psoriasis patients. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6):e13898. doi: 10.1111/dth.13898
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohany KM, Elkady S, Youssef EMK, et al. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) represses the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) mRNA expression and may be a potential therapeutic agent in psoriasis: a case-control and experimental study. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):21424. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-48565-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Okan G, Baki AM, Yorulmaz E, et al. Serum Visfatin, Fetuin-A, and Pentraxin 3 levels in patients with psoriasis and their relation to disease severity. Clin Lab Anal. 2016;30(4):284–289. doi: 10.1002/jcla.21850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uysal S, Yılmaz FM, Karatoprak K, et al. The levels of serum pentraxin3, CRP, fetuin-A, and insulin in patients with psoriasis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(22):3453–3458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ix JH, Wassel CL, Kanaya AM, et al. Fetuin-A and incident diabetes mellitus in older persons. JAMA. 2008;300(2):182–188. doi: 10.1001/jama.300.2.182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelfand JM, Shin DB, Armstrong AW, et al. Association of Apremilast with vascular inflammation and cardiometabolic function in patients with psoriasis: the VIP-A Phase 4, open-label, nonrandomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2022;158(12):1394–1403. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.3862
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birukov A, Polemiti E, Jäger S, et al. Fetuin-A and risk of diabetes-related vascular complications: a prospective study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12933-021-01439-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelfand JM, Shin DB, Duffin KC, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of Secukinumab on aortic vascular inflammation in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (VIP-S). J Invest Dermatol. 2020;140(9):1784–93.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.01.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanai M, Raz A, Goodman DS. Retinol-binding protein: the transport protein for vitamin a in human plasma. J Clin Invest. 1968;47(9):2025–2044. doi: 10.1172/JCI105889
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nono Nankam PA, Blüher M. Retinol-binding protein 4 in obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2021;531:111312. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan J, Hu J. Retinol binding protein 4 and type 2 diabetes: from insulin resistance to pancreatic β-cell function. Endocrine. 2024. doi: 10.1007/s12020-024-03777-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Zhu S, Song G, et al. Retinol-binding protein 4 is closely correlated to blood pressure level and E/A in untreated essential hypertension patients. Ann Palliat Med. 2019;8(5):645–650. doi: 10.21037/apm.2019.11.07
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao G, Cui Y, Cheng H. Association between retinol binding protein-4 and psoriasis vulgaris: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med. 2023;10:1208969. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1208969
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capo A, Di Nicola M, Costantini E, et al. Circulating levels of Apelin-36 in patients with mild to moderate psoriasis. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2020;155(5):646–651. doi: 10.23736/S0392-0488.18.05981-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baran A, Swiderska M, Flisiak I. The effect of topical treatment and psoriasis severity on serum retinol-binding protein-4 levels. J Dermatol Treat. 2016;27(2):114–119. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2015.1079300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang HM, Wu C, Jiang YY, et al. Retinol and vitamin a metabolites accumulate through RBP4 and STRA6 changes in a psoriasis murine model. Nutr Metab. 2020;17(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12986-019-0423-y
   Google Scholar
• Kjeldsen L, Johnsen AH, Sengeløv H, et al. Isolation and primary structure of NGAL, a novel protein associated with human neutrophil gelatinase. J Biol Chem. 1993;268(14):10425–10432. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)82217-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D, Fang L, Pan G. Association of serum lipocalin-2 concentrations with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: an updated meta-analysis. Dis Markers. 2019;2019:7361826. doi: 10.1155/2019/7361826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen CTH, Nguyen OPT. Increased plasma lipocalin-2 levels correlate with disease severity and may be a marker of acute inflammatory response in patients with psoriasis. Dermatol Rep. 2022;14(4):9469. doi: 10.4081/dr.2022.9469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baran A, Świderska M, Myśliwiec H, et al. Effect of psoriasis activity and topical treatment on serum lipocalin-2 levels. J Dermatol Treat. 2017;28(2):136–140. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2016.1180340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdel Hay R, Samir N, Safwat M, et al. Tissue lipocalin-2 in psoriasis: is it a marker of metabolic disturbance or a possible marker of therapeutic efficacy after narrow band ultraviolet B? J Dermatol Treat. 2020;31(5):519–523. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1605141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Hadidi H, Samir N, Shaker OG, et al. Estimation of tissue and serum lipocalin-2 in psoriasis vulgaris and its relation to metabolic syndrome. Arch Dermatol Res. 2014;306(3):239–245. doi: 10.1007/s00403-013-1414-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hau CS, Kanda N, Tada Y, et al. Lipocalin-2 exacerbates psoriasiform skin inflammation by augmenting T-helper 17 response. J Dermatol. 2016;43(7):785–794. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.13227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao S, Cao T, Jin L, et al. Increased Lipocalin-2 contributes to the pathogenesis of psoriasis by modulating neutrophil chemotaxis and cytokine secretion. J Invest Dermatol. 2016;136(7):1418–1428. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar