649
Views
33
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Changes in aspects of students' self-reported personal, social and technical skills during a six-week wilderness expedition in Arctic Greenland

&
Pages 159-169 | Published online: 06 Aug 2007

References

  • Allison , P.R. 1998 . Greenland: More questions than answers . Horizons , 2 : 16 – 20 .
  • Allison , P.R. 2002 . Values, narrative and authenticity: A study of youth expeditions in the 1990s , University of Strathclyde . Unpublished PhD Thesis
  • Barret , J. and Greenaway , R. 1995 . Why adventure? The role and value of outdoor adventure in young people's personal and social development: A review of research , Foundation for Outdoor Adventure .
  • Bunting , C.J. 1989 . Experiences in the wilderness: Opportunities for health . Trends , 26 ( 3 ) : 9 – 13 .
  • Denzin , N.K. and Lincoln , Y.S. 1994 . Handbook of qualitative research , London : Sage Publications .
  • Friese , G. , Hendee , J.C. and Kinziger , M. 1998 . The wilderness experience program industry in the United States: Characteristics and dynamics . The Journal of Experiential Education , 21 ( 1 ) : 40 – 45 .
  • Gair , N. 1997 . Outdoor education: Theory into practice , London : Cassell Publishing .
  • Gass , M. 1993 . Adventure therapy: therapeutic applications of adventure programming , Dubuque, IO : Kendall/Hunt .
  • Gibson , P.M. 1979 . Therapeutic aspects of wilderness programs: A comprehensive literature review . Therapeutic Recreation Journal , : 21 – 33 .
  • Gunderson , E.K.E. 1974 . “ Psychological studies in Antarctica ” . In Human adaptability to Antarctic conditions , Edited by: Gunderson , E.K.E. 115 – 131 . Washington, DC : American Geophysical Union . In
  • Gunderson , E.K.E. and Palinkas , L.A. 1991 . Psychological studies in the U.S. Antarctic program: A review . Scott Polar Research Institute Polar Symposia , 1 : 5 – 8 .
  • Hattie , J. , Marsh , H.W. , Neill , J.T. and Richards , G.E. 1997 . Adventure education and Outward Bound: Out-of-class experiences that make a lasting difference . Review of Educational Research , 67 ( 1 ) : 43 – 87 .
  • Heller , H.C. , Musacchia , X.S. and Wang , L.C.H. 1985 . Living in the cold: Psychological and biochemical adaptations , New York : Elsevier .
  • Hendee , J.C. and Brown , M. The highest use of wilderness: Using wilderness experience programs to develop human potential . Proceedings of the special plenary session at the 4th world wilderness congress Estates Park, CO . September 1987 . How wilderness experience programs work for personal growth, therapy, and education: An explanatory model , Edited by: Hendee , J.C. pp. 5 – 21 . Moscow : University of Idaho, Wilderness Research Centre .
  • Hopkins , D. and Putman , R. 1993 . Personal growth through adventure , London : David Fulton .
  • Koscheyev , V.S. , Roschina , N.A. and Makhov , V.V. 1994 . Psychophysiological characteristics related to the functional-state of the members of The Soviet-American Arctic Bering Bridge Expedition . Environment and Behaviour , 26 ( 2 ) : 166 – 178 .
  • Leon , G.R. 1991 . Individual and group process characteristics of polar expedition teams . Environment and Behaviour , 23 : 723 – 748 .
  • Leon , G.R. , McNally , C. and Porath , Y.S. 1989 . Personality characteristics, mood, and coping patterns in a successful North Pole expedition team . Journal of Research in Personality , 23 : 162 – 179 .
  • Marsh , H. and O'Neill , R. 1984 . Self-description Questionnaire III (SDQ III): The construct validity of multidimensionality self-concept ratings by late adolescents . Journal of Educational Measurements , 21 : 153 – 174 .
  • Miles , J.C. 1987 . Wilderness as a healing place . Journal of Experiential Education , 18 ( 2 ) : 33 – 40 .
  • Miles , J. and Priest , S. 1990 . Adventure education , State College, PA : Venture .
  • Mocellin , J.S. , Suedfeld , P. , Bernadelz , J.P. and Barbarito , M.E. 1991 . Levels of anxiety in Polar environments . Journal of Environmental Psychology , 11 ( 3 ) : 265 – 275 .
  • Oppenheim , A.N. 1966 . Questionnaire design and attitude measurement , London : Heinemann .
  • Palinkas , L.A. and Johnson , J.C. 1990 . Social relations and individual performance of winter-over personnel at McMurdo station . Antarctic Journal , 23 : 238 – 240 .
  • Palinkas , L.A. , Suedfeld , P. and Steel , G.G. 1995 . Psychological functioning among members of a small Polar expedition . Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine , 66 ( 10 ) : 943 – 950 .
  • Rosnet , E. , LeScanff , C. and Sagal , M.S. 2000 . How self-image and personality influence performance in an isolated environment . Environment and Behaviour , 32 ( 1 ) : 18 – 31 .
  • Sakofs , M. 1992 . Assessing the impact of the Wilderness alternative for youth programme: An Outward Bound programme for adjudicated youth . Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning , 9 ( 4 ) : 16 – 21 .
  • Seymour , N. and Sudman , M.B. 1983 . Asking questions: A practical guide to questionnaire design , Chicago : Jossey-Bass Inc. .
  • Smith , B. 1989 . Learning outcomes for outdoor education . Adventure Education , 6 ( 1 ) : 23 – 25 .
  • Smith , T. 1996 . “ Four lessons ” . In The Bradford Papers: Unpublished Conference Papers , Edited by: Allison , P. Bradford Woods, Indiana University . In
  • Suedfeld , P. 1991 . Polar psychology: An overview . Environment and Behaviour , 23 : 653 – 665 .
  • Suedfeld , P. 2001 . Applying positive psychology in the study of extreme environments . Human Performance in Extreme Environments , 6 ( 1 ) : 21 – 25 .
  • Suedfeld , P. , Steel , G.D. and Palinkas , L.A. 1992 . Psychological aspects of polar living . Antarctic Journal of the U.S. , 27 : 327 – 327 .
  • Watts , F.N. , Webster , S.M. , Morley , C.J. and Cohen , J. 1992 . Expedition stress and personality-change . British Journal of Psychology , 83 ( 3 ) : 337 – 341 .
  • Watts , F.N. , Webster , S.M. , Morley , C.J. and Cohen , J. 1993a . Cognitive strategies in coping with expedition stress . European Journal of Personality , 7 ( 4 ) : 255 – 266 .
  • Watts , F.N. , Apps , J. and East , M.P. 1993b . Personality-change produced by expedition stress: A controlled study . Personality and Individual Differences , 15 ( 5 ) : 603 – 605 .
  • Watts , F.N. , Cohen , J. and Toplis , R. 1994 . Personality and coping strategies on a stressful expedition . Personality and Individual Differences , 17 ( 5 ) : 647 – 656 .
  • Wurdinger , S. 1997 . Philosophical issues in adventure education , Dubuque, Iowa : Kendall Hunt .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.