755
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Children’s independent mobility: the role of school-based social capital

, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 253-268 | Received 13 Jun 2018, Accepted 11 Jun 2019, Published online: 02 Jul 2019

References

  • ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics). 2017. What is a Seifa? Accessed July 2017. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Lookup/by%20Subject/2033.0.55.001~2011~Main%20Features~What%20is%20SEIFA%3f~4
  • Bicycle Victoria. 2009. Ride2school: At ride2school, we love helping schools! Accessed June 2015. http://www.bv.com.au/ride2school/41688
  • Brown, B., R. L. Mackett, Y. Gong, K. Kitazawa, and J. Paskins. 2008. “Gender Differences in Children's Pathways to Independent Mobility.” Children’s Geographies 6 (4): 385–401. doi:10.1080/14733280802338080.
  • Brussoni, M., R. Gibbons, C. Gray, T. Ishikawa, E. Sandseter, A. Bienenstock, G. Chaboni, et al. 2015. “What is the Relationship Between Risky Outdoor Play and Health in Children? A Systematic Review.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12: 6423–6454. doi:10.3390/ijerph120606423.
  • Buliung, R., G. Faulkner, T. Beezley, and J. Kennedy. 2011. “School Travel Planning: Mobilizing School and Community Resources to Encourage Active School Transportation.” Journal of School Health 81 (11): 704–712. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00647.x.
  • Buliung, R. N., K. Larsen, G. E. J. Faulkner, and M. R. Stone. 2013. “The “Path” Not Taken: Exploring Structural Differences in Mapped- Versus Shortest-Network-Path School Travel Routes.” American Journal of Public Health 103 (9): 1589–1596. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301172.
  • Buttazzoni, A. N., E. S. Van Kesteren, T. I. Shah, and J. A. Gilliland. 2018. “Active School Travel Intervention Methodologies in North America: A Systematic Review.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 55 (1): 115–124. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.04.007.
  • Caldwell, B. J., and J. L. Harris. 2008. Why not the Best Schools? Camberwell: ACER Press.
  • Carlin, J., M. Stevenson, I. Roberts, C. Bennett, A. Gelman, and T. Nolan. 1997. “Walking to School and Traffic Exposure in Australian Children.” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 21 (3): 286–292. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-842X.1997.tb01701.x
  • Carver, A., J. R. Panter, A. P. Jones, and E. M. F. Van Sluijs. 2014. “Independent Mobility on the Journey to School: A Joint Cross-Sectional and Prospective Exploration of Social and Physical Environmental Influences.” Journal of Transport and Health 1 (2014): 25–32. doi:10.1016/j.jth.2013.12.003.
  • Couch, M., A. Mccutcheon, and B. Cirocco. 2001. An Evaluation of Safe Routes to School in South Australia, 4: Murray Couch Consulting for Transport SA.
  • Crawford, S., and J. Garrard. 2013. “A Combined Impact-Process Evaluation of a Program Promoting Active Transport to School: Understanding the Factors That Shaped Program Effectiveness.” Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2013: 1–14. doi:10.1155/2013/816961.
  • Curtis, C., C. Babb, and A. Olaru. 2015. “Built Environment and Children's Travel to School.” Transport Policy 42 (21–33), doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.04.003.
  • Foster, S., K. Villanueva, X. Wood, H. Christian, and B. Giles-Corti. 2014. “The Impact of Parent’s Fear of Strangers and the Perceptions of Informal Social Control on Children's Independent Mobility.” Health and Place 26 (9): 60–68. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.11.006.
  • Garrard, J. 2009. Active Transport: Children and Young People, an Oververview of Recent Evidence. Melbourne: Victorian Health Promotion Foundation. URL:https://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/~/media/ResourceCentre/PublicationsandResources/Active%20travel/Active_transport_children_and_young_people_FINAL.ashx.
  • Garrard, J., and S. Crawford. 2010. Evaluation of the Victorian Ride 2 School Program: Impacts and Insights into Promoting Active Transport to School. Melbourne, Victoria: Deakin University.
  • Giles-Corti, B., G. Wood, T. Pikora, V. Learnihan, M. Bulsara, K. Van Niel, A. Timperio, G. Mccormack, and K. Villanueva. 2011. “School Site and the Potential to Walk to School: The Impact of Street Connectivity and Traffic Exposure in School Neighborhoods.” Health and Place 17 (2): 545–550. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.12.011.
  • Gill, T. 2007. No Fear: Growing Up in a Risk Averse Society. London: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.
  • Hillman, M., J. Adams, and J. Whitelegg. 1990. One False Move: A Study of Children's Independent Mobility. London: PSI Publishing.
  • Hirsch, J. A., K. A. Moore, P. J. Clarke, D. A. Rodriguez, K. R. Evenson, S. J. Brines, M. A. Zagorski, and A. V. Diez Roux. 2014. “Changes in the Built Environment and Changes in the Amount of Walking Over Time: Longitudinal Results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.” American Journal of Epidemiology 180 (8): 799–809. doi:10.1093/aje/kwu218.
  • Hubsmith, D. A. 2006. “Safe Routes to School in the United States.” Children, Youth and Environments 16 (1): 169–190. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.16.1.0168.
  • Hume, C., M. Jorna, L. Arundell, J. Saunders, D. Crawford, and J. Salmon. 2009. “Are Children's Perceptions of Neighbourhood Social Environments Associated with Their Walking and Physical Activity?” Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 12 (6): 637–641. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2008.07.006.
  • Hume, C., A. Timperio, J. Salmon, A. Carver, B. Giles-Corti, and D. Crawford. 2009. “Walking and Cycling to School: Predictors of Increases among Children and Adolescents.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 36 (3): 195–200. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.10.011.
  • Jago, R., A. Thompson, R. Page, R. Brockman, K. Cartwright, and K. Fox. 2009. “License to be Active: Parental Concerns and 10–11 Year old Children’s Ability to be Independently Physically Active.” Journal of Public Health 31 (4): 472–477. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdp053.
  • Lewis, J. M. 2010. Connecting and Cooperating: Social Capital and Public Policy. Sydney: University of NSW Press.
  • Lin, N. 2001. Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Love, P., and C. Whitzman. 2018. “Schools That Connect: The Role of Social Capital in Encouraging Independent Mobility on the Journey to School.” Paper presented at the State of Australian Cities 2017, in Adelaide. doi:10.4225/50/5b2f1f8d6eec1.
  • Malone, K. 2007. “The Bubble-Wrap Generation: Children Growing up in Walled Gardens.” Environmental Education Research 13 (4): 513–527. doi:10.1080/13504620701581612.
  • Mammen, G., R. Buliung, G. Faulkner, and J. Lay. 2012. “Understanding the Drive to Escort: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Examining Parental Attitudes Towards Children’s School Travel and Independent Mobility.” BMC Public Health 12 (12): doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-862.
  • Mammen, G., M. Stone, G. Faulkner, and R. Buliung. 2014a. “School Travel Planning in Canada: Identifying Child, Family, and School-Level Characteristics Associated with Travel Mode Shift from Driving to Active School Travel.” Journal of Transport and Health 1: 288–294. doi:10.1016/j.jth.2014.09.004.
  • Mammen, G., M. Stone, G. Faulkner, S. Ramanathan, R. Buliung, C. O'brien, and J. Kennedy. 2014b. “Active School Travel: An Evaluation of the Canadian School Travel Planning Intervention.” Preventive Medicine 60: 55–59. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.12.008.
  • McDonald, N. C. 2007. “Active Transportation to SchoolTrends Among U.S. Schoolchildren, 1969–2001.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 32: 509–516. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.022.
  • McDonald, N. C., R. L. Steiner, C. Lee, C. Rhoula, T. Mith, X. Zhu, and Y. Yang. 2014. “Impact of the Safe Routes to School Program on Walking and Bicycling.” Journal of American Planning Association 80 (2): 153–167. doi:10.1080/01944363.2014.956654.
  • McMillan, T. 2005. “Urban Form and a Child's Trip to School: The Current Literature and a Framework for Future Research.” Journal of Planning Literature 19 (4): 440–456. doi:10.1177/0885412204274173.
  • McMillan, T. 2007. “The Relative Influence of Urban Form on a Child’s Travel Mode to School.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy & Practice 41: 69–79. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2006.05.011.
  • Melbourne Catholic Education Office (CEM). 2014. Strategic Provision Plan for the Archdiocese of Melbourne. Melbourne: Catholic Education Melbourne. Available on request.
  • Mitra, R. 2013. “Independent Mobility and Mode Choice for School Transportation: A Review and Framework for Future Research.” Transport Reviews 33: 21–43. doi:10.1080/01441647.2012.743490.
  • Mitra, R., R. Buliung, G. Faulkner, and M. Stone. 2014. “Do Parental Perceptions of the Neighbourhood Environment Influence Children’s Independent Mobility? Evidence from Toronto, Canada.” Urban Studies 51 (16): 3401–3419. doi:10.1177%2F0042098013519140 doi: 10.1177/0042098013519140
  • Mitra, R., E. Papaioannou, and K. M. N. Habib. 2016. “Past and Present of Active School Transportation: An Explanation of the Influence of the Built Environment in Toronto, Canada, from 1986 to 2006.” Journal of Transport and Land Use 9 (2): 25–41. http://hdl.handle.net/11299/182427.
  • Nicholson, J. C., S. Crawford, S. Bennetts, J. Green, F. Désposito, J. Matthews, H. Graesser, et al. 2014. Beyond the Bubble Wrap – Understanding Parents’ Fears in Allowing their Children to Play and Travel Independently, ed. Parenting Research Centre, Melbourne: La Trobe University.
  • Pabayo, R., L. Gauvin, T. A. Barnett, B. Nikiema, and L. Seguin. 2009. “Sustained Active Transportation is Associated with a Favorable Body Mass Index Trajectory Across the Early School Years: Findings from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development Birth Cohort.” Preventive Medicine 6: doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.08.014.
  • Panter, J., K. Corder, S. J. Griffin, A. P. Jones, and E. M. Van Sluijs. 2013. “Individual, Sociocultural and Environmental Predictors of Uptake and Maintenance of Active Commuting in Children: Longitudinal Results from the Speedy Study.” International Journal Behaviour, Nutrition, and Physical Activity 10 (83): doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-83.
  • Peddie, B., and C. Somerville. 2006. Travel Behaviour Change through School Travel Planning: Mode Shift and Community Engagement – Results from 33 Schools in Victoria. In 28th Australasian Transport Research Forum. https://www.atrf.info/papers/2005/2005_Peddie_Somerville.pdf.
  • Prezza, M., F. R. Alparone, and C. Cristallo. 2005. “Parental Perception of Social Risk and of Positive Potentiality of Outdoor Autonomy for Children: The Development of two Instruments.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 25: 437–453. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.12.002.
  • Putnam, R. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Rose, G. 1999. A Comparative Evaluation of ‘Safe Routes to School’ Implementation. Melbourne: Institute of Transport Studies, Monash University.
  • Rothman, S., R. Buliung, T. To, C. Macarthur, A. Macpherson, and A. Howard. 2015. “Associations Between Parents’ Perception of Traffic Danger, the Built Environment and Walking to School.” Journal of Transport and Health 2 (2014): 327–335. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2015.05.004
  • SRTS. 2015. What Distances are Reasonable to Expect Elementary School Students to Bike to School? Accessed June 2015. http://www.hsrc.unc.edu/index.cfm.
  • SRTS. 2019. History of Safe Routes to School. Accessed May 2019. http://www.saferoutespartnership.org/safe-routes-to-school/101/history.
  • Sustrans. 2015. Safe Routes to School – Information Sheet for Parents and Schools – fs01. Accessed June 2015. http://www.saferoutestoschool.org.uk
  • Tranter, P. 1993. Children's Mobility in Canberra: Confinement or Independence? Monograph series no 7. Canberra: Australian Defence Force Academy.
  • Trapp, G., B. Giles-Corti, H. Christian, M. Bulsara, A. Timperio, G. Mccormack, and K. Villanueva. 2012. “Increasing Children’s Physical Activity: Individual, Social, and Environmental Factors Associated with Walking to and from School.” Health Education and Behavior 39: 172–182. doi:10.1177/1090198111423272.
  • TravelSmart. 2015. Packaging the Travel Choices: Schools – Safe Routes to School http://www.travelsmart.gov.au/training/packaging_schools_routes.html
  • Van Der Ploeg, H. P., D. Meron, G. Corpuz, and A. Bauman. 2008. “Trends in Australian Children Traveling to School 1971–2003: Burning Petrol or Carbohydrates?” Preventive Medicine 46: 60–62. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.06.002.
  • Villanueva, K., B. Giles-Corti, M. Bulsara, G. Trapp, A. Timperio, G. Mccormack, and K. Van Niel. 2014. “Does the Walkability of Neighbourhoods Affect Children's Independent Mobility, Independent of Parental, Socio-Cultural and Individual Factors?” Children's Geographies 12 (4): 393–411. doi:10.1080/14733285.2013.812311.
  • Whitzman, C. 2013. “Harnessing the Energy of Free Range Children.” In Transforming Urban Transport: The Ethics, Politics and Practices of Sustainable Mobility, 186–201. Oxon: Earthscan Routledge.
  • Whitzman, C., V. Romero, C. Curtis, P. Tranter, M. Duncan, and M. Burke. 2009. “The Links Between Independent Mobility, Active Transport, Physical Activity, and Obesity.” In Preventing Childhood Obesity: Evidence, Policy, and Practice, edited by E. Waters, B. Swinburn, and J. Seidell, 105–112. Chichester: J Wiley & Sons.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.