Participatory seed projects and agroecological landscape knowledge in Central America

References

• Abizaid, C., Coomes, O. T., & Perrault-Archambault, M. (2016). Seed sharing in Amazonian indigenous rain forest communities: A social network analysis in three Achuar Villages, Peru. Human Ecology, 44(5), 577–594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-016-9852-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Addicott, J. F., Aho, J. M., Antolin, M. F., Padilla, D. K., Richardson, J. S., & Soluk, D. A. (1987). Ecological neighborhoods: Scaling environmental patterns. Oikos, 49(3), 340–346. https://doi.org/10.2307/3565770
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albertin, A., & Nair, P. K. R. (2004). Farmers’ perspectives on the role of shade trees in coffee production systems: An assessment from the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. Human Ecology, 32(4), 443–463. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HUEC.0000043515.84334.76
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alcaldía Municipal de Matiguás. (2011). Plan de Desarrollo Económico local del Municipio de Matiguás, Nicaragua 2012-2016. Alcaldía Municipal de Matiguás. [Report].
   Google Scholar
• Almekinders, C. J. M., & Elings, A. (2001). Collaboration of farmers and breeders: Participatory crop improvement in perspective. Euphytica, 122(3), 425–438. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017968717875
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almekinders, C. J. M., Humphries, S., & von Lossau, A. (2008). The effectiveness of participatory plant breeding as a tool to capitalize on agrobiodiversity in developing countries. Biodiversity, 9(1-2), 41–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2008.9712880
   Google Scholar
• Almekinders, C. J. M., & Richards, P. (2007, November 12–16). Upscaling of participatory approaches: An overview of some recent research findings. In 6th Advisory Committee on Science and Technology for ACP agricultural and Rural development, Wageningen.
   Google Scholar
• Altieri, M. A., & Nicholls, C. I. (2017). The adaptation and mitigation potential of traditional agriculture in a changing climate. Climatic Change, 140, 33–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0909-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antweiler, C. (1998). Local knowledge and local knowing. An anthropological analysis of contested ‘cultural products’ in the context of development. Anthropos, 93(4/6), 469–494. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40464844
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asfaw, A., Almekinders, C. J., Struik, P. C., & Blair, M. W. (2013). Farmers’ common bean variety and seed management in the face of drought and climate instability in southern Ethiopia. Scientific Research and Essays, 8(22), 1022–1037. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE12.732
   Google Scholar
• Ashby, J. A. (2002). Integrating research on food and the environment: An exit strategy from the rational fool syndrome in agricultural science. Conservation Ecology, 5(2), https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-00296-050220
   Google Scholar
• Ashby, J. A., Braun, A. R., Garcia, T., Guerrero, M. P., Hernandez, L., Quiros, C., & Roa, J. (2000). Investing in farmers as researchers: Experiences with local agricultural research committees in Latin America. Publication No. 318. International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.
   Google Scholar
• Barrera-Bassols, N., & Zinck, J. A. (2003a). Ethnopedology: A worldwide view on the soil knowledge of local people. Geoderma, 111(3), 171–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrera-Bassols, N., & Zinck, J. A. (2003b). Land moves and behaves’: Indigenous discourse on sustainable land management in Pichátaro, Pátzcuaro Basin, Mexico. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography,, 85(3–4), 229–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3676.2003.00202.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellon, M. R., & Brush, S. B. (1994). Keepers of maize in Chiapas, Mexico. Economic Botany, 48(2), 196–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02908218
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellon, M. R., Gotor, E., & Caracciolo, F. (2015). Conserving landraces and improving livelihoods: How to assess the success of on-farm conservation projects? International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 13(2), 167–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2014.986363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellon, M. R., Hodson, D., & Hellin, J. (2011). Assessing the vulnerability of traditional maize seed systems in Mexico to climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(33), 13432–13437. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1103373108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellon, M. R., & Risopoulos, J. (2001). Small-scale farmers expand the benefits of improved maize germplasm: A case study from Chiapas, Mexico. World Development, 29(5), 799–811. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00013-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellon, M. R., & Taylor, J. E. (1993). “Folk” soil taxonomy and the partial adoption of new seed varieties. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 41(4), 763–786. https://doi.org/10.1086/452047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, E. M., Cramer, W., Begossi, A., Cundill, G., Díaz, S., Egoh, B. N., Geijzendorffer, I. R., Krug, C. B., Lavorel, S., Lazos, E., Lebel, L., Martín-López, B., Meyfruidt, P., Mooney, H. A., Nel, J. L., Pascual, U., Payet, K., Harguindeguy, N. P., Peterson, G. D., … Woodward, G. (2015). Linking biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being: Three challenges for designing research for sustainability. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 14, 76–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2015.03.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentley, J. W. (2006). Folk experiments. Agriculture and Human Values, 23(4), 451–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-006-9017-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beza, E., Steinke, J., van Etten, J., Reidsma, P., Fadda, C., Mittra, S., Mathur, P., & Kooistra, L. (2017). What are the prospects for citizen science in agriculture? Evidence from three continents on motivation and mobile telephone use of resource-poor farmers. PloS one, 12(5), e0175700. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bliss, K. (2016). ‘Pioneer farmers’: Joint exploration of crop diversity and agroecosystem function in Waslala, Nicaragua [Master’s thesis]. Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås. https://nmbu.brage.unit.no/nmbu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2404571/bliss_2016.pdf?sequence=4
   Google Scholar
• Câmara, C. R., Urrea, C. A., & Schlegel, V. (2013). Pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as a functional food: Implications on human health. Agriculture, 3(1), 90–111. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture3010090
   Google Scholar
• CATIE. (n.d.). Variedades de frijol son puestas a prueba en Nicaragua para enfrentar la variabilidad climática y contribuir con la seguridad alimentaria. map.catie.ac.cr/.
   Google Scholar
• Ceccarelli, S., & Grando, S. (2007). Decentralized-participatory plant breeding: An example of demand driven research. Euphytica, 155(3), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9336-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza [CATIE]. (n.d.). MAP arranca segunda generación de Escuelas de Campo en Nicaragua. Available at http://map.catie.ac.cr/.
   Google Scholar
• CGIAR Consortium. (2014, February 14). Landscape approach to decreasing agricultural emissions in Vietnam. [Report]. Available at https://ccafas.cgiar.org.
   Google Scholar
• Coomes, O. T., McGuire, S. J., Garine, E., Caillon, S., McKey, D., Demeulenaere, E., Jarvis, D., Aistara, G., Barnaud, A., Clouvel, P., Emperaire, L., Louafi, S., Martin, P., Massol, F., Pautasso, M., Violon, C., & Wencélius, J. (2015). Farmer seed networks make a limited contribution to agriculture? Four common misconceptions. Food Policy, 56, 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.07.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbeels, M., Shiferaw, A., & Haile, M. (2000). Farmers’ knowledge of soil fertility and local management strategies in Tigray, Ethiopia. IIED-Drylands Programme.
   Google Scholar
• De Bruin, S., Wielemaker, W. G., & Molenaar, M. (1999). Formalisation of soil-landscape knowledge through interactive hierarchical disaggregation. Geoderma, 91(1), 151–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(99)00004-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desbiez, A., Matthews, R., Tripathi, B., & Ellis-Jones, J. (2004). Perceptions and assessment of soil fertility by farmers in the mid-hills of Nepal. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 103(1), 191–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2003.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donatti, C. I., Harvey, C. A., Martinez-Rodriguez, M. R., Vignola, R., & Rodriguez, C. M. (2018). Vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate change in Central America and Mexico: Current knowledge and research gaps. Climate and Development, 11(3), 264–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2018.1442796
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farina, A., & Belgrano, A. (2006). The eco-field hypothesis: Toward a cognitive landscape. Landscape Ecology, 21(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-7755-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer, E. F. (2006). Broccoli and Desire: Global connections and Maya struggles in postwar Guatemala. Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, C., Lieblein, G., Gliessman, S., Breland, T. A., Creamer, N., Harwood, R., Salomonsson, L., Helenius, J., Rickerl, D., Salvador, R., & Wiedenhoeft, M. (2003). Agroecology: The ecology of food systems. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 22(3), 99–118. https://doi.org/10.1300/J064v22n03_10
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frost, P., Campbell, B., Medina, G., & Usongo, L. (2006). Landscape-scale approaches for integrated natural resource management in tropical forest landscapes. Ecology and Society, 11(2), https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-01932-110230
   Google Scholar
• Gutierrez-Montes, I. A., Bartol de Imbach, P., Ramirez, F., López, J., Say, E., & Banegas, K. (2012). Las escuelas de campo del MAP-CATIE: práctica y lecciones aprendidas en la gestión del conocimiento y la creación de capacidades locales para el desarrollo rural sostenible. Turrialba, Costa Rica, CATIE, 64 (Serie técnica, Boletín técnico NO. 52).
   Google Scholar
• Hellin, J., Keleman, A., & Bellon, M. (2010). Maize diversity and gender: Research from Mexico. Gender & Development, 18(3), 427–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2010.521989
   Google Scholar
• Holt-Giménez, E., & Altieri, M. A. (2013). Agroecology, food sovereignty, and the new green revolution. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 37(1), 90–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2012.716388
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Instituto Nacional de Información de Desarrollo [INIDE]. (2008a). El Cuá en cifras. http://www.inide.gob.ni/censos2005/CifrasMun/Jinotega/.
   Google Scholar
• Instituto Nacional de Información de Desarrollo [INIDE]. (2008b). Matiguás en cifras. http://www.inide.gob.ni/censos2005/CifrasMun/Matagalpa/Matiguas.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Isakson, S. R. (2009). No hay ganancia en la milpa: The agrarian question, food sovereignty, and the on-farm conservation of agrobiodiversity in the Guatemalan highlands. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 36(4), 725–759. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150903353876
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen, K. (1998). Political ecology, mountain agriculture, and knowledge in Honduras (No. 12). Thela Publishers Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Jarvis, D. I., & Hodgkin, T. (2008). The maintenance of crop genetic diversity on farm: Supporting the convention on biological diversity’s programme of work on agricultural biodiversity. Biodiversity, 9(1-2), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2008.9712876
   Google Scholar
• Jarvis, D. I., Hodgkin, T., Sthapit, B. R., Fadda, C., & Lopez-Noriega, I. (2011). A heuristic framework for identifying multiple ways of supporting the conservation and use of traditional crop varieties within the agricultural production system. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 30(1-2), 125–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2011.554358
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerneck, A., & Olsson, L. (2013). More than trees! understanding the agroforestry adoption gap in subsistence agriculture: Insights from narrative walks in Kenya. Journal of Rural Studies, 32, 114–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2013.04.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joshi, K. D., Khanal, N. P., Harris, D., Khanal, N. N., Sapkota, A., Khadka, K., Darai, R., Neupane, R. K., Joshi, M., & Witcombe, J. R. (2014). Regulatory reform of seed systems: Benefits and impacts from a mungbean case study in Nepal. Field Crops Research, 158, 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.12.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joshi, K. D., & Witcombe, J. R. (2002). Participatory varietal selection in rice in Nepal in favourable agricultural environments–A comparison of two methods assessed by varietal adoption. Euphytica, 127(3), 445–458. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020348620286
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr, R. B., Nyantakyi-Frimpong, H., Dakishoni, L., Lupafya, E., Shumba, L., Luginaah, I., & Snapp, S. S. (2018). Knowledge politics in participatory climate change adaptation research on agroecology in Malawi. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 33(3), 238–251. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170518000017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koohafkan, P., Altieri, M. A., & Gimenez, E. H. (2012). Green agriculture: Foundations for biodiverse, resilient and productive agricultural systems. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 10(1), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2011.610206
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landscapes for People, Food and Nature Initiative. (2016). Integrated Landscape Management. https://peoplefoodandnature.org/.
   Google Scholar
• López-Marrero, T., & Tschakert, P. (2011). From theory to practice: Building more resilient communities in flood-prone areas. Environment and Urbanization, 23(1), 229–249. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247810396055
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louwaars, N. P., de Boef, W. S., & Edeme, J. (2013). Integrated seed sector development in Africa: A basis for seed policy and law. Journal of Crop Improvement, 27(2), 186–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2012.751472
   Google Scholar
• Magrin, G. O., Marengo, J. A., Boulanger, J.-P., Buckeridge, M. S., Castellanos, E., Poveda, G., Scarano, F. R., & Vicuña, S. (2014). Central and South America. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L.White(eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1499-1566.
   Google Scholar
• McGuire, S. J. (2008). Securing access to seed: Social relations and sorghum seed exchange in eastern Ethiopia. Human Ecology, 36(2), 217–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-007-9143-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGuire, S., & Sperling, L. (2013). Making seed systems more resilient to stress. Global Environmental Change, 23(3), 644–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGuire, S., & Sperling, L. (2016). Seed systems smallholder farmers use. Food Security, 8(1), 179–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-015-0528-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meijer, S. S., Catacutan, D., Ajayi, O. C., Sileshi, G. W., & Nieuwenhuis, M. (2015). The role of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions in the uptake of agricultural and agroforestry innovations among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 13(1), 40–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2014.912493
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercer, K. L., & Perales, H. R. (2010). Evolutionary response of landraces to climate change in centers of crop diversity. Evolutionary Applications, 3(5-6), 480–493. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00137.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercer, K. L., Perales, H. R., & Wainwright, J. D. (2012). Climate change and the transgenic adaptation strategy: Smallholder livelihoods, climate justice, and maize landraces in Mexico. Global Environmental Change, 22(2), 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.01.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mijatovic, D., Van Oudenhoven, F., Eyzaguirre, P., & Hodgkin, T. (2013). The role of agricultural biodiversity in strengthening resilience to climate change: Towards an analytical framework. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 11(2), 95–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2012.691221
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misiko, M. (2013). Dilemma in participatory selection of varieties. Agricultural Systems, 119, 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2013.04.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, K. M., Carter, A. H., & Jones, S. S. (2013). Evolutionary breeding and climate change. In C. Kole (Ed.), Genomics and Breeding for climate-resilient crops (pp. 377–389). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Nyantakyi-Frimpong, H., Mambulu, F. N., Kerr, R. B., Luginaah, I., & Lupafya, E. (2016). Agroecology and sustainable food systems: Participatory research to improve food security among HIV-affected households in northern Malawi. Social Science & Medicine, 164, 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.07.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oudwater, N., & Martin, A. (2003). Methods and issues in exploring local knowledge of soils. Geoderma, 111(3), 387–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(02)00273-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parraguez-Vergara, E. (2018). Does indigenous and campesino traditional agriculture have anything to contribute to food sovereignty in Latin America? Evidence from Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Guatemala and Mexico. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 16(4-5), 326. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2018.1489361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauli, N., Barrios, E., Conacher, A. J., & Oberthür, T. (2012). Farmer knowledge of the relationships among soil macrofauna, soil quality and tree species in a smallholder agroforestry system of western Honduras. Geoderma, 189, 186–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.05.027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pautasso, M., Aistara, G., Barnaud, A., Caillon, S., Clouvel, P., Coomes, O. T., Delêtre, M., Demeulenaere, E., De Santis, P., Doring, T., Eloy, L., Emperaire, L., Garine, E., Goldringer, I., Jarvis, D., Joly, H. I., Leclerc, C., Louafi, S., Martin, P., … Tramontini, S. (2013). Seed exchange networks for agrobiodiversity conservation. A review. . Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 33(1), 151–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-012-0089-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perfecto, I., Vandermeer, J. H., & Wright, A. L. (2009). Nature's matrix: Linking agriculture, conservation and food sovereignty. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Prasanna, B. M. (2012). Diversity in global maize germplasm: Characterization and utilization. Journal of Biosciences, 37(5), 843–855. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-012-9227-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pretty, J. (2008). Agricultural sustainability: Concepts, principles and evidence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 363(1491), 447–465. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rainey, S. J. (2005). Folk classification and capability assessment of soils in two highland Guatemalan municipios. Journal of Latin American Geography, 4(1), 77–106. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25765090
   Google Scholar
• Ramirez-Gomez, S. O., Torres-Vitolas, C. A., Schreckenberg, K., Honzák, M., Cruz-Garcia, G. S., Willcock, S., Palacios, E., Pérez-Miñana, E., Verweij, P. A., & Poppy, G. M. (2015). Analysis of ecosystem services provision in the Colombian Amazon using participatory research and mapping techniques. Ecosystem Services, 13, 93–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.12.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramisch, J. J., Misiko, M. T., Ekise, I. E., & Mukalama, J. B. (2006). Strengthening ‘folk ecology’: Community-based learning for integrated soil fertility management, western Kenya. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 4(2), 154–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2006.9684798
   Google Scholar
• Reed, J., Van Vianen, J., Deakin, E. L., Barlow, J., & Sunderland, T. (2016). Integrated landscape approaches to managing social and environmental issues in the tropics: Learning from the past to guide the future. Global Change Biology, 22(7), 2540–2554. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice, E., Smale, M., & Blanco, J. L. (1998). Farmers’ use of improved seed selection practices in Mexican maize: Evidence and issues from the Sierra de Santa Marta. World Development, 26(9), 1625–1640. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00079-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards, P. (1979). Community environmental knowledge in African rural development. IDS Bulletin, 10(2), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1979.mp10002005.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards, P. (1985). Indigenous agricultural revolution: ecology and food production in West Africa (No. 630.215 R5).
   Google Scholar
• Rocheleau, D., Thomas-Slayter, B., & Edmunds, D. (1994). Gendered resource mapping: Focusing on women's spaces in the landscape. Cultural Survival Quarterly, 18(4), 62–68. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/68994
   Google Scholar
• Rogé, P., Friedman, A. R., Astier, M., & Altieri, M. A. (2014). Farmer strategies for dealing with climatic variability: A case study from the Mixteca Alta region of Oaxaca. Mexico. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 38(7), 786–811. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2014.900842
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayer, J., Sunderland, T., Ghazoul, J., Pfund, J. L., Sheil, D., Meijaard, E., Venter, M., Klintuni Boedhihartono, A., Day, M., Gaarcia, C., van Oosten, C., & Buck, L. E. (2013). Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(21), 8349–8356. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1210595110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sillitoe, P. (2006). Ethnobiology and applied anthropology: Rapprochement of the academic with the practical. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 12(s1), S119–S142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9655.2006.00276.x
   Google Scholar
• Soleri, D., & Cleveland, D. A. (2001). Farmers’ genetic perceptions regarding their crop populations: An example with maize in the central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico. Economic Botany, 55(1), 106–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02864550
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soleri, D., Cleveland, D. A., Smith, S. E., Ceccarelli, S., Grando, S., Rana, R. B., Rijal, D., & Rios, H. (2002). Understanding farmers’ knowledge as the basis for collaboration with plant breeders: Methodological development and examples from ongoing research in Mexico, Syria, Cuba and Nepal. In D. A. Cleveland & D. Soleri (Eds.), Farmers, scientists and plant breeding: Integrating knowledge and practice (pp. 19–60).
   Google Scholar
• Sperling, L., Ashby, J., Weltzien, E., Smith, M., & McGuire, S. (2001). Base-broadening for client-oriented impact: Insights drawn from participatory plant breeding field experience. In H. D. Cooper, C. Spillane, & T. Hodgkin (Eds.), Broadening the Genetic Bases of crop production (pp. 419–435). CAB International.
   Google Scholar
• Sperling, L., Cooper, H. D., & Remington, T. (2008). Moving towards more effective seed aid. The Journal of Development Studies, 44(4), 586–612. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380801980954
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperling, L., & McGuire, S. (2010). Understanding and strengthening informal seed markets. Experimental Agriculture, 46(2), 119–136. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479709991074
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperling, L., & McGuire, S. (2012). Fatal gaps in seed security strategy. Food Security, 4(4), 569–579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-012-0205-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Struik, P. C., Fresco, L. O., Almekinders, C. J. M., & Louwaars, N. P. (1996). Management of variation in agro-ecosystems: the potential offered by agrodiversity. In Dryland Biodiversity Conservation through Natural Resource Management, Amman (Jordan), 5-9 Feb 1995. ICARDA.
   Google Scholar
• Ten Hoopen, G. M., & Krauss, U. (2006). Biology and control of Rosellinia bunodes, Rosellinia necatrix and Rosellinia pepo: A review. Crop Protection, 25(2), 89–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2005.03.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tscharntke, T., Klein, A. M., Kruess, A., Steffan-Dewenter, I., & Thies, C. (2005). Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity–ecosystem service management. Ecology Letters, 8(8), 857–874. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00782.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsegaye, B., & Berg, T. (2007). Utilization of durum wheat landraces in East Shewa, central Ethiopia: Are home uses an incentive for on-farm conservation? Agriculture and Human Values, 24(2), 219–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-006-9055-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallés-Planells, M., Galiana, F., & Van Eetvelde, V. (2014). A classification of landscape services to support local landscape planning. Ecology and Society, 19(1), https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-06251-190144
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Etten, J. (2006). Changes in farmers’ knowledge of maize diversity in highland Guatemala, 1927/37-2004. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-2-12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Etten, J. (2011). Crowdsourcing crop improvement in sub-Saharan Africa: A proposal for a scalable and inclusive approach to food security. IDS Bulletin, 42(4), 102–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Etten, J., Beza, E., Calderer, L., Van Duijvendijk, K., Fadda, C., Fantahun, B., Kidane, Y. G., van de Gevel, J., Gupta, A., Kassahun Mengistu, D., Kiambi, D., Mathur, P. N., Mercado, L., Mittra, S., Mollel, M. J., Rosas, J. C., Steinke, J., Suchini, J. G., & Zimmerer, K. S. (2019). First experiences with a novel farmer citizen science approach: Crowdsourcing participatory variety selection through on-farm triadic comparisons of technologies (tricot). Experimental Agriculture, 55(S1), 275–296. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479716000739
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Etten, J., & de Bruin, S. (2007). Regional and local maize seed exchange and replacement in the western highlands of Guatemala. Plant Genetic Resources, 5(2), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/S147926210767230X
   Google Scholar
• van Etten, J., de Sousa, K., Aguilar, A., Barrios, M., Dell’Acqua, M., Fadda, C., Gebrehawaryat, Y., van de Gevel, J., Gupta, A., Kiros, A. Y., Madriz, B., Mathur, P., Mengistu, D. K., Mercado, L., Nurhisen Mohammed, J., Paliwal, A., Pè, M. E., Quirós, C. F., Rosas, J. C., … Steinke, J. (2019). Crop variety management for climate adaptation supported by citizen science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(10), 4194–4199. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813720116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Etten, J., Quiros, C., de Sousa, K., & Madriz, B. (2017). ClimMob, digital platform to support triadic comparisons of technologies. [poster]. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, W., Jacobs, J. L., Chilvers, M. I., Mukankusi, C. M., Kelly, J. D., & Cichy, K. A. (2018). QTL analysis of Fusarium root Rot resistance in an Andean middle American common bean RIL population. Crop Science, 58(3), 1166–1180. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2017.10.0608
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weltzien, E., Rattunde, F., Christinck, A., Isaacs, K., & Ashby, J. (2019). Gender and farmer preferences for varietal traits: Evidence and issues for crop improvement. Plant Breeding Reviews, 43, 243–278. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119616801.ch7
   Google Scholar
• Winklerprins, A. M. (1999). Insights and applications local soil knowledge: A tool for sustainable land management. Society & Natural Resources, 12(2), 151–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/089419299279812
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WinklerPrins, A. M., & Barrios, E. (2007). Ethnopedology along the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers: A Convergence of knowledge and practice. Revista Geográfica, 142, 111–129. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40996754
   Google Scholar
• Witcombe, J. R., Joshi, K. D., Gyawali, S., Musa, A. M., Johansen, C., Virk, D. S., & Sthapit, B. R. (2005). Participatory plant breeding is better described as highly client-oriented plant breeding. I. Four indicators of client-orientation in plant breeding. Experimental Agriculture, 41(3), 299–319. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479705002656
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Food Programme. (2018). WFP Nicaragua Country Brief. https://www1.wfp.org/countries/nicaragua/.
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerer, K. S. (1994). Local soil knowledge: Answering basic questions in highland Bolivia. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 49(1), 29–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerer, K. S. (1996). Changing fortunes: Biodiversity and peasant livelihood in the Peruvian Andes (Vol. 1). University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerer, K. S. (2003). Geographies of seed networks for food plants (potato, ulluco) and approaches to agrobiodiversity conservation in the Andean countries. Society & Natural Resources, 16(7), 583–601. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920309185
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerer, K. S. (2010). Woodlands and agrobiodiversity in irrigation landscapes in Bolivia. Professional Geographer, 62(3), 335–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2010.483631
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerer, K. S. (2014). Conserving agrobiodiversity amid global change, migration, and nontraditional livelihood networks: The dynamic uses of cultural landscape knowledge. Ecology and Society, 19(2), https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-06316-190201
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerer, K. S., & de Haan, S. (2017). Agrobiodiversity and a sustainable food future. Nature Plants, 3(4), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2017.47
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerer, K. S., & de Haan, S. (Eds.). (2019). Agrobiodiversity: Integrating knowledge for a sustainable future. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerer, K. S., De Haan, S., Jones, A. D., Creed-Kanashiro, H., Tello, M., Carrasco, M., Mesa, K., Plasencia Amaya, F., Cruz García, G., Tubbeh, R., & Jiménez Olivencia, Y. (2019). The biodiversity of food and agriculture (agrobiodiversity) in the Anthropocene: Research advances and conceptual framework. Anthropocene, 25, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2019.100192
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar