Conservation Agriculture: factors and drivers of adoption and scalable innovative practices in Indo-Gangetic plains of India– a review

References

• Aryal, J. P., Jat, M. L., Sapkota, T. B., Rahut, D. B., Rai, M., Jat, H. S., Sharma, P. C., & Stirling, C. (2020). Learning adaptation to climate change from past climate extremes: Evidence from recent climate extremes in Haryana, India. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 12(1), 128–146. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-09-2018-0065
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aryal, J. P., Mehrotra, M. B., Jat, M. L., & Sidhu, H. S. (2015a). Impacts of laser land leveling in rice–wheat systems of the north–western indo-gangetic plains of India. Food Security, 7(3), 725–738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-015-0460-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aryal, J. P., Sapkota, T. B., Jat, M. L., & Bishnoi, D. K. (2015b). On-farm economic and environmental impact of zero-tillage wheat: A case of north-west India. Experimental Agriculture, 51(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1017/S001447971400012X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aryal, J. P., Sapkota, T. B., Stirling, C. M., Jat, M. L., Jat, H. S., Rai, M., Mittal, S., & Sutaliya, J. M. (2016). Conservation agriculture-based wheat production better copes with extreme climate events than conventional tillage-based systems: A case of untimely excess rainfall in Haryana, India. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 233, 325–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.09.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aulakh, M. S., & Grant, C. A. (2008). Integrated nutrient management for sustainable crop production. The Haworth Press, Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 619.
   Google Scholar
• Baudron, F., Tittonell, P., Corbeels, M., Letourmy, P., & Giller, K. E. (2012). Comparative performance of conservation agriculture and current smallholder farming practices in semi-arid Zimbabwe. Field Crops Research, 132, 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.09.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, R. W., Haque, M., Jahiruddin, M., Rahman, M., Begum, M., Miah, M. A., Islam, M., Hossen, M., Salahin, N., Zahan, T., & Hossain, M. M. (2019). Conservation agriculture for rice-based intensive cropping by smallholders in the eastern Gangetic plain. Agriculture, 9, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9010005
   Google Scholar
• Bhan, S., & Behera, U. K. (2014). Conservation agriculture in India – problems, prospects and policy issues. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 2(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-6339(15)30053-8
   Google Scholar
• Bhatt, R., Kukal, S. S., Arora, S., Busari, M. A., & Yadav, M. (2016). Sustainability issues on rice–wheat cropping system. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 4(1), 68–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2015.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharyya, T., Pal, D. K., Mandal, C., & Velayutham, M. (2000). Organic carbon stock in Indian soils and their geographical distribution. Current Science, 79, 655–660. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24105084
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhushan, L., Ladha, J. K., Gupta, R. K., Singh, S., Tirol-Padre, A., Saharawat, Y. S., Gathala, M. K., & Pathak, H. (2008). Saving of water and labor in a rice–wheat system with no-tillage and direct seeding technologies. Agronomy Journal, 99(5), 1288–1296. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0227
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswas, P. P., & Sharma, P. D. (2008). A New approach for Estimating Fertiliser response ratio-the Indian Scenario. Indian Journal of Fertilizers, 4, 59.
   Google Scholar
• Brauman, K. A., Siebert, S., & Foley, J. A. (2013). Improvements in crop water productivity increase water sustainability and food security—a global analysis. Environmental Research Letters, 8(2), 24–30. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choudhary, M., Datta, A., Jat, H. S., Yadav, A. K., Gathala, M. K., Sapkota, T. B., Das, A. K., Sharma, P. C., Jat, M. L., Singh, R., & Ladha, J. K. (2018b). Changes in soil biology under conservation agriculture based sustainable intensification of cereal systems in Indo-Gangetic plains. Geoderma, 313, 193–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.10.041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choudhary, M., Jat, H. S., Datta, A., Yadav, A. K., Sapkota, T. B., Mondal, S., Meena, R. P., Sharma, P. C., & Jat, M. L. (2018c). Sustainable intensification influences soil quality, biota, and productivity in cereal-based agroecosystems. Applied Soil Ecology, 126, 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.02.027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choudhary, K. M., Jat, H. S., Nandal, D. P., Bishnoi, D. K., Sutaliya, J. M., Choudhary, M., Yadvinder-Singh, Sharma, P. C., & Jat, M. L. (2018a). Evaluating alternatives to rice-wheat system in western Indo-Gangetic plains: Crop yields, water productivity and economic profitability. Field Crops Research, 218, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.12.023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choudhary, M., Sharma, P. C., & Garg, N. (2015). Crop residue degradation by Autochthonous fungi isolated from cropping system management scenarios. BioResources, 10(3), 5809–5819. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.10.3.5809-5819
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choudhary, M., Sharma, P. C., Jat, H. S., Dash, A., Rajashekar, B., McDonald, A. J., & Jat, M. L. (2018d). Soil bacterial diversity under conservation agriculture-based cereal systems in Indo-Gangetic plains. 3 Biotech, 8(7), 304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1317-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Choudhary, M., Sharma, P. C., Jat, H. S., McDonald, A. J., Jat, M. L., Sharda, C., & Garg, N. (2018e). Soil biological properties and fungal diversity under conservation agriculture in Indo-Gangetic plains of India. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 18, 1142–1156. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162018005003201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connor, D. J., Timsina, J., & Humphreys, E. (2003). Prospects for permanent beds for the rice–wheat system. Improving the Productivity and Sustainability of Rice–Wheat Systems: Issues and Impacts, (improvingthepro), 197–210.
   Google Scholar
• Derpsch, R. (1998, March 5–6). Historical review of no-tillage cultivation of crops, Proceedings of the 1st JIRCAS Seminar on Soybean Research on No-Tillage Culture & Future Research Needs. pp 1–18. Iguassu Falls: Brazil. Working Report No. 13, JIRCAS.
   Google Scholar
• Derpsch, R. (2004). History of crop production, with and without tillage. Leading Edge, 3, 150–154.
   Google Scholar
• Erenstein, O., Farooq, U., Malik, R. K., & Sharif, M. (2008). On-farm impacts of zero tillage wheat in South Asia’s rice-wheat systems. Field Crops Research, 105(3), 240–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2007.10.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erenstein, O., & Laxmi, V. (2008). Zero tillage impacts in India's rice-wheat systems: A review. Soil and Tillage Research, 100(1-2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.05.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO. (2009). How to feed the world in 2050. FAO CA website. http://www.fao.org/wsfs/forum2050
   Google Scholar
• FAO. (2015). AQUASTAT Main Database, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Website accessed on [26/09/2015 12:26].
   Google Scholar
• Gathala, M. K., Kumar, V., Sharma, P. C., Saharawat, Y. S., Jat, H. S., Singh, M., Kumar, A., Jat, M. L., Humphreys, E., Sharma, D. K., Sharma, S., & Ladha, J. K. (2013). Optimizing intensive cereal-based cropping systems addressing current and future drivers of agricultural change in the northwestern Indo-Gangetic plains of India. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment, 177, 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.06.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gathala, M. K., Ladha, J. K., Kumar, V., Saharawat, Y. S., Kumar, V., Sharma, P. K., Sharma, S., & Pathak, H. (2011). Tillage and crop establishment affects sustainability of South Asian rice–wheat system. Agronomy Journal, 103(4), 961–971. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0394
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Govaerts, B., Sayre, K. D., & Deckers, J. (2005). Stable high yields with zero tillage and permanent bed planting? Field Crops Research, 94(1), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2004.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan, I., Hussain, Z., & Akbar, G. (2005). Effect of permanent raised beds on water productivity for irrigated maize–wheat cropping system. Evaluation and performance of permanent raised bed cropping systems in Asia, Australia and Mexico. ACIAR Proceeding, 121.
   Google Scholar
• Humphreys, E., Kukal, S. S., Christen, E. W., Hira, G. S., Balwinder-Singh, Sudhir-Yadav, & Sharma, R. K. (2010). Halting the groundwater decline in North-west India – which crop technologies will be winners? Advances in Agronomy, 109, 155–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385040-9.00005-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IPCC. (2007). Summary for policymakers. In M. L. Parry, O. F. Canziani, J. P. Palutikof, P. J. van der Linden, & C. E. Hanson (Eds.), Climate change 2007: Impacts, adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 7–22). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jat, M. L. (2014, August). Climate smart villages in Haryana, India. Technical Bulletin, CIMMYT-CCAFS. pp 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Jat, H. S., Choudhary, K. M., Nandal, D. P., Yadav, A. K., Poonia, T., Singh, Y., Sharma, P. C., & Jat, M. L. (2020a). Conservation agriculture-based sustainable intensification of cereal systems leads to energy conservation, higher productivity and farm profitability. Environmental Management, 65, 774–786. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01273-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jat, H. S., Datta, A., Choudhary, M., Sharma, P. C., Yadav, A. K., Choudhary, V., Gathala, M. K., Jat, M. L., & McDonald, A. (2019a). Climate smart agriculture practices improve soil organic carbon pools, biological properties and crop productivity in cereal-based systems of North-west India. Catena, 181, 104059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.05.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jat, H. S., Datta, A., Choudhary, M., Yadav, A. K., Choudhary, V., Sharma, P. C., Gathala, M. K., Jat, M. L., & McDonald, A. (2019b). Effects of tillage, crop establishment and diversification on soil organic carbon, aggregation, aggregate associated carbon and productivity in cereal systems of semi-arid Northwest India. Soil and Tillage Research, 190, 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.03.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jat, H. S., Datta, A., Sharma, P. C., Kumar, V., Yadav, A. K., Choudhary, M., Choudhary, V., Gathala, M. K., Sharma, D. K., Jat, M. L., Yaduvanshi, N. P. S., Singh, G., & McDonald, A. (2018a). Assessing soil properties and nutrient availability under conservation agriculture practices in a reclaimed sodic soil in cereal-based systems of North-West India. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 64(4), 531–545. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2017.1359415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jat, M. L., Gathala, M. K., Ladha, J. K., Saharawat, Y. S., Jat, A. S., Vipin, Kumar, A. S., Sharma, S. K., Kumar, V., & Gupta, R. K. (2009). Evaluation of precision land leveling and double zero-till systems in the rice-wheat rotation: Water use, productivity, profitability and soil physical properties. Soil and Tillage Research, 105(1), 112–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.06.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jat, H. S., Jat, R. D., Nanwal, R. K., Lohan, S. K., Yadav, A. K., Poonia, T., Sharma, P. C., & Jat, M. L. (2020b). Energy use efficiency of crop residue management for sustainable energy and agriculture conservation in NW India. Renewable Energy, 155, 1372–1382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.04.046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jat, R. D., Jat, H. S., Nanwal, R. K., Yadav, A. K., Bana, A., Choudhary, K. M., Kakraliya, S. K., Sutaliya, J. M., Sapkota, T. B., & Jat, M. L. (2018c). Conservation agriculture and precision nutrient management practices in maize-wheat system: Effects on crop and water productivity and economic profitability. Field Crops Research, 222, 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2018.03.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jat, M. L., Jat, H. S., Sidhu, H. S., Gupta, N., Sharma, P. C., Rolaniya, L. K., Jat, R. K., Choudhary, K. M., Bijarniya, D., Saini, K. S., Kakraliya, S. K., & Singh, Y. (2018b, October 8–10). New Horizons of Sustainable Intensification in Maize Systems in South Asia. In: Book of Extended Summaries (eds. BM Prasanna, Aparna Das and Kelah K. Kaimenyi). 13th Asian Maize Conference and Expert Consultation on Maize for Food, Feed, Nutrition and Environmental Security. Ludhiana, India. CIMMYT, Mexico D.F. pp. 38–46.
   Google Scholar
• Jat, H. S., Jat, R. K., Sing, Y., Parihar, C. M., Jat, S. L., Tetarwal, J. P., Sidhu, H. S., & Jat, M. L. (2016). Nitrogen management under conservation agriculture in cereal-based systems. Indian Journal of Fertilizer, 12, 76–91.
   Google Scholar
• Jat, M. L., Kamboj, B. R., Kumar, V., Sharma, D. K., Jat, H. S., Kumar, D., Kumar, A., & Kapil. (2013, December). Crop diversification in Haryana: An important step towards natural resource management and national food security. FAI- Khaad Patrika, New Delhi. pp. 21–26.
   Google Scholar
• Jat, H. S., Kumar, P., Sutaliya, J. M., Kumar, S., Choudhary, M., Yadvinder-Singh, & Jat, M. L. (2019c). Conservation agriculture based sustainable intensification of basmati rice-wheat system in North-west India. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 65(10), 1370–1386. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2019.1566708
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jat, M. L., Saharawat, Y. S., & Gupta, R. (2011). Conservation agriculture in cereal systems of South Asia: Nutrient management perspectives. Karnataka Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 24, 100–105.
   Google Scholar
• Jat, R. K., Sapkota, T. B., Singh, R. G., Jat, M. L., Kumar, M., & Gupta, R. K. (2014b). Seven years of conservation agriculture in a rice–wheat rotation of eastern Gangetic plains of South Asia: Yield trends and economic profitability. Field Crops Research, 164, 199–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.04.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jat, H. S., Sharma, P. C., Datta, A., Choudhary, M., Kakraliya, S. K., Yadvinder-Singh, Sidhu, H. S., Gerard, B., & Jat, M. L. (2019d). Re-designing irrigated intensive cereal systems through bundling precision agronomic innovations for transitioning towards agricultural sustainability in North-West India. Scientific Reports 9, 17929.
   Google Scholar
• Jat, M. L., Singh, B., & Gerard, B. (2014a). Nutrient management and Use efficiency in wheat systems of South Asia. Advances in Agronomy, 125, 171–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800137-0.00005-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jat, H. S., Singh, G., Singh, R., Choudhary, M., Gathala, M. K., Jat, M. L., & Sharma, D. K. (2015). Management influence on maize–wheat system performance, water productivity and soil biology. Soil Use and Management, 31(4), 534–543. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakraliya, S. K., Jat, H. S., Singh, I., Sapkota, T. B., Singh, L. K., Sutaliya, J. M., Sharma, P. C., Jat, R. D., Choudhary, M., Lopez-Ridaura, S., & Jat, M. L. (2018). Performance of portfolios of climate smart agriculture practices in a rice-wheat system of western Indo-Gangetic plains. Agricultural Water Management, 202, 122–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.02.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamboj, B. R., Kumar, A., Bishnoi, D. K., Singla, K., Kumar, V., Jat, M. L., Chaudhary, N., Jat, H. S., Gosain, D. K., Khippal, A., Garg, R., Lathwal, O. P., Goyal, S. P., Goyal, N. K., Yadav, A., Malik, D. S., Mishra, A., & Bhatia, R. (2012). Direct seeded rice technology in western Indo-Gangetic plains of India: CSISA Experiences. CSISA, IRRI and CIMMYT. Pp 1–16.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, V., Jat, H. S., Sharma, P. C., Balwinder-Singh, Gathala, M. K., Malik, R. K., Kamboj, B. R., Yadav, A. K., Ladha, J. K., Anitha Raman, Sharma, D. K., & McDonald, A. (2018). Can productivity and profitability be enhanced in intensively managed cereal systems while reducing the environmental footprint of production? Assessing sustainable intensification options in the breadbasket of India. Agriculture, ecosystems and. Environment, 252, 132–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, S., Narjary, B., Kumar, K., Jat, H. S., Kamra, S. K., & Yadav, R. K. (2019). Developing soil matric potential based irrigation strategies of direct seeded rice for improving yield and water productivity. Agricultural Water Management, 215, 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.01.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladha, J. K., Dawe, D., Pathak, H., Padre, A. T., Yadav, R. L., Singh, B., & Hobbs, P. R. (2003). How extensive are yield declines in long-term rice-wheat experiments in Asia? Field Crops Research, 81(2-3), 159–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(02)00219-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohan, S. K., Jat, H. S., Yadav, A. K., Sidhu, H. S., Jat, M. L., Choudhary, M., Peter, J. K., & Sharma, P. C. (2018). Burning issues of paddy residue management in north-west states of India. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 693–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGarry, D., Bridge, B. J., & Radford, B. J. (2000). Contrasting soil physical properties after zero and traditional tillage of an alluvial soil in the semi-arid subtropics. Soil and Tillage Research, 53(2), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(99)00091-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammad, A., Sudhishri, S., Das, T. K., Singh, M., Bhattacharyya, R., Dass, A., Khanna, M., Sharma, V. K., Dwivedi, N., & Kumar, M. (2018). Water balance in direct-seeded rice under conservation agriculture in North-western Indo-Gangetic plains of India. Irrigation Science, 36(6), 381–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-018-0590-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Leary, G. J. (1996). The effects of conservation tillage on potential groundwater recharge. Agricultural Water Management, 31(1-2), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(95)01231-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, S., & Velasco, L. (2005). Trends in crop establishment methods in Asia and research issues. Rice is life: Scientific perspectives for the twenty-first century, 178–181.
   Google Scholar
• Patra, S., Julich, S., Feger, K. H., Jat, M. L., Jat, H. S., Sharma, P. C., & Schwärzel, K. (2019). Soil hydraulic response to conservation agriculture under irrigated intensive cereal-based cropping systems in a semiarid climate. Soil and Tillage Research, 192, 151–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.05.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangar, S., & Abrol, I. P. (2005). Conservation agriculture for transition to sustainable agriculture. Current Science, 88, 686–687.
   Google Scholar
• Sapkota, T. B., Majumdar, K., Jat, M. L., Kumara, A., Bishnoi, D. K., McDonaldd, A. J., & Pampolino, M. (2014). Precision nutrient management in conservation agriculture based wheat production of Northwest India: Profitability, nutrient use efficiency and environmental footprint. Field Crops Research, 155, 233–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayre, K. D., & Hobbs, P. R. (2004). The raised-bed system of cultivation for irrigated production conditions. Sustainable Agriculture and the International Rice-Wheat System, 337–355. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203026472.ch20
   Google Scholar
• Sayre, K. D., & Moreno-Ramos, O. H. (1997). Applications of raised-bed planting systems to wheat. Mexico DF, Mexico, CIMMYT. In: Int. Wheat Special Report 31. pp. 28.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, P. C., Datta, A., Yadav, A. K., Choudhary, M., Jat, H. S., & McDonald, A. (2019). Effect of crop management practices on crop growth, productivity and profitability of rice–wheat system in western Indo-Gangetic plains. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. India Section B: Biological Sciences, 89, 715–727. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-018-0985-x
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, P. C., Jat, H. S., Kumar, V., Gathala, M. K., Datta, A., Yaduvanshi, N. P. S., Choudhary, M., Sharma, S., Singh, L. K., Saharawat, Y., Yadav, A. K., Parwal, A., Sharma, D. K., Singh, G., Jat, M. L., Ladha, J. K., & McDonald, A. (2015). Sustainable intensification opportunities under current and future cereal systems of North-West India. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal India. pp. 46.
   Google Scholar
• Shyamsundar, P., Springer, N. P., Tallis, H., Polasky, S., Jat, M. L., Sidhu, H. S., Krishnapriya, P. P., Skiba, N., Ginn, W., Ahuja, V., Cummins, J., Datta, I., Dholakia, H. H., Dixon, J., Gerard, B., Gupta, R., Hellmann, J., Jadhav, A., Jat, H. S., … Somanathan, R. (2019). Fields on fire: Alternatives to crop residue burning in India. Science, 365(6453), 536–538. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw4085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sidhu, H. S., Jat, M. L., Singh, T., Sidhu, R. K., Gupta, N., Singh, P., Singh, P., Jat, H. S., & Gerard, B. (2019). Sub-surface drip fertigation with conservation agriculture in a rice-wheat system: A breakthrough for addressing water and nitrogen use efficiency. Agricultural Water Management, 216, 273–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.02.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sidhu, H. S., Singh, M., Humphreys, E., Singh, Y., & Sidhu, S. S. (2007). The Happy seeder enables direct drilling of wheat into rice stubble. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 47(7), 844–854. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA06225
   Google Scholar
• Sidhu, H. S., Singh, M., Singh, Y., Blackwell, J., Lohan, S. K., Humphreys, E., Jat, M. L., Singh, V., & Singh, S. (2015). Development and evaluation of the Turbo Happy seeder for sowing wheat into heavy rice residues in NW India. Field Crops Research, 184, 201–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.07.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, C. P., & Panigrahy, S. (2011). Characterization of residue burning from agricultural system in India using space based observations. Journal of Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 39(3), 423–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-011-0119-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivakumar, M. V. K., & Stefanski, R. (2011). Climate change in South Asia. In R. Lal, M. V. K. Sivakumar, S. M. A. Faiz, A. H. M. M. Rahman, & K. R. Islam (Eds.), Climate change and food security in South Asia (pp. 13–28). Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
   Google Scholar
• Sohal, K. S. (2003). Changes in crop diversification in Punjab: 1951-2001. The National Geographical Journal of India, 49.
   Google Scholar
• Thierfelder, C., Mwila, M., & Rusinamhodzi, L. (2013). Conservation agriculture in eastern and southern provinces of Zambia: Long-term effects on soil quality and maize productivity. Soil and Tillage Research, 126, 246–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.09.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thierfelder, C., & Wall, P. C. (2009). Effects of conservation agriculture techniques on infiltration and soil water content in Zambia and Zimbabwe. Soil and Tillage Research, 105(2), 217–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.07.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timsina, J., & Connor, D. J. (2001). Productivity and management of rice-wheat cropping systems: Issues and challenges. Field Crops Research, 69(2), 93–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(00)00143-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tirol-Padre, A., Rai, M., Kumar, V., Gathala, M., Sharma, P. C., Sharma, S., Nagar, R. K., Deshwal, S., Singh, L. K., Jat, H. S., & Sharma, D. K. (2016). Quantifying changes to the global warming potential of rice-wheat systems with the adoption of conservation agriculture in northwestern India. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 219, 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.12.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhulst, N., Sayre, K. D., Vargas, M., Crossa, J., Deckers, J., Raes, D., & Govaerts, B. (2011). Wheat yield and tillage–straw management system× year interaction explained by climatic co-variables for an irrigated bed planting system in northwestern Mexico. Field Crops Research, 124(3), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wassmann, R., Jagadish, S. V. K., Heuer, S., Ismail, A., Redona, E., Serraj, R., Singh, R. K., Howell, G., Pathak, H., & Sumfleth, K. (2009a). Climate change affecting rice production: The physiological and agronomic basis for possible adaptation strategies. Advances in Agronomy, 101, 59–122. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)00802-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wassmann, R., Jagadish, S. V. K., Sumfleth, K., Pathak, H., Howell, G., Ismail, A., Serraj, R., Redona, E., Singh, R. K., & Heuer, S. (2009b). Regional vulnerability of climate change impacts on Asian rice production and scope for adaptation. Advances in Agronomy, 102, 91–133. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2113(09)01003-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadvinder-Singh, Singh, M., Sidhu, H. S., Humphreys, E., Thind, H. S., Jat, M. L., Blackwell, J., & Singh, V. (2015). Nitrogen management for zero till wheat with surface retention of rice residues in north-west India. Field Crops Research, 184, 183–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.03.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadvinder-Singh, Singh, M., Sidhu, H. S., Khanna, P. K., Kapoor, S., Jain, A. K., Singh, A. K., Sidhu, G. K., Singh, A., Chaudhary, D. P., & Minhas, P. S. (2010). Options for effective utilization of crop residues. pp. 32. Directorate of Research, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
   Google Scholar
• Yadvinder, S., Surinder, S. K., Jat, M. L., & Sidhu, H. S. (2014). Improving water productivity of wheat-based cropping systems in south Asia for sustained productivity. Advances in Agronomy, 1, 157–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800131-8.00004-2
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, C., Liu, B., Piao, S., Wang, X., Lobell, D. B., Huang, Y., Huang, M., Yao, Y., Bassu, S., Ciais, P., & Durand, J. L. (2017). Temperature increase reduces global yields of major crops in four independent estimates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(35), 9326–9331. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701762114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar