Current practices in oncofertility counseling: updated evidence on fertility preservation and post-treatment pregnancies in young women affected by early breast cancer

References

• Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(1):12–49. doi: 10.3322/caac.21820
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaz-Luis I, Masiero M, Cavaletti G, et al. ESMO expert consensus statements on cancer survivorship: promoting high-quality survivorship care and research in Europe. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2022;33(11):1119–1133. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1941
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soldato D, Arecco L, Agostinetto E, et al. The future of breast cancer research in the survivorship field. Oncol Ther. 2023;11(2):199–229. doi: 10.1007/s40487-023-00225-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loibl S, André F, Bachelot T, et al. Early breast cancer: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up†. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2023 Dec 8:S0923–7534(23)05104–9. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.11.016
   Google Scholar
• Denduluri N, Somerfield MR, Chavez-MacGregor M, et al. Selection of optimal adjuvant chemotherapy and targeted therapy for early breast cancer: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2021;39(6):685–693. doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.02510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson RA, Amant F, Braat D, et al.; ESHRE Guideline Group on Female Fertility Preservation ESHRE guideline: female fertility preservation†. Human Reproduction Open. 2020;2020(4):hoaa052. doi: 10.1093/hropen/hoaa052
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lambertini M, Arecco L, Woodard TL, et al. Advances in the management of menopausal symptoms, fertility preservation, and bone health for women with breast cancer on endocrine therapy. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book Am Soc Clin Oncol Annu Meet. 2023;43(43):e390442. doi: 10.1200/EDBK_390442
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ruddy KJ, Gelber SI, Tamimi RM, et al. Prospective study of fertility concerns and preservation strategies in young women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(11):1151–1156. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.52.8877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blondeaux E, Massarotti C, Fontana V, et al. The PREgnancy and FERtility (PREFER) study investigating the need for ovarian function and/or fertility preservation strategies in premenopausal women with early breast cancer. Front Oncol. 2021;11:690320. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.690320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaami S, Melcarne R, Patrone R, et al. Oncofertility and reproductive counseling in patients with breast cancer: a retrospective study. J Clin Med. 2022;11(5):1311. doi: 10.3390/jcm11051311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan SZ, Arecco L, Villarreal-Garza C, et al. Knowledge, practice, and attitudes of physicians in low- and middle-income countries on fertility and pregnancy-related issues in young women with breast cancer. JCO Glob Oncol. 2022;8(8):e2100153. doi: 10.1200/GO.21.00153
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lambertini M, Blondeaux E, Bruzzone M, et al. Pregnancy after breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2021;39(29):3293–3305. doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.00535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambertini M, Peccatori FA, Demeestere I, et al. Fertility preservation and post-treatment pregnancies in post-pubertal cancer patients: ESMO clinical practice guidelines†. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(12):1664–1678. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paluch-Shimon S, Cardoso F, Partridge AH, et al. ESO-ESMO fifth international consensus guidelines for breast cancer in young women (BCY5). Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2022;33(11):1097–1118. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaz-Luis I, Francis PA, Di Meglio A, et al. Challenges in adjuvant therapy for premenopausal women diagnosed with luminal breast cancers. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2021;41:e47–e61. doi: 10.1200/EDBK_320595
   Google Scholar
• Chon SJ, Umair Z, Yoon MS. Premature ovarian insufficiency: past, present, and future. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:672890. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson RA, Cameron D, Clatot F, et al. Anti-Müllerian hormone as a marker of ovarian reserve and premature ovarian insufficiency in children and women with cancer: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2022;28(3):417–434. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmac004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Codacci-Pisanelli G, Del Pup L, Del Grande M, et al. Mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage in breast cancer patients. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2017;113:90–96. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.03.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razeti MG, Spinaci S, Spagnolo F, et al. How I perform fertility preservation in breast cancer patients. ESMO Open. 2021;6(3):100112. doi: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao J, Liu J, Chen K, et al. What lies behind chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea for breast cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014;145(1):113–128. doi: 10.1007/s10549-014-2914-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva C, Caramelo O, Almeida-Santos T, et al. Factors associated with ovarian function recovery after chemotherapy for breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(12):2737–2749. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dew224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambertini M, Olympios N, Lequesne J, et al. Impact of taxanes, endocrine therapy, and deleterious germline BRCA mutations on anti-müllerian hormone levels in early breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline- and cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy. Front Oncol. 2019;9:575. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poggio F, Bruzzone M, Ceppi M, et al. Platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(7):1497–1508. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdy127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poggio F, Tagliamento M, Ceppi M, et al. Adding a platinum agent to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer: the end of the debate. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2022;33(3):347–349. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.11.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martelli V, Latocca MM, Ruelle T, et al. Comparing the gonadotoxicity of multiple breast cancer regimens: important understanding for managing breast cancer in pre-menopausal women. Breast Cancer Targets Ther. 2021;13:341–351. doi: 10.2147/BCTT.S274283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabirian R, Franzoi MA, Havas J, et al. Chemotherapy-related amenorrhea and quality of life among premenopausal women with breast cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(11):e2343910. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.43910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swain SM, Shastry M, Hamilton E. Targeting HER2-positive breast cancer: advances and future directions. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2023;22(2):101–126. doi: 10.1038/s41573-022-00579-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rastogi P, O’Shaughnessy J, Martin M, et al. Adjuvant abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy for hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative, high-risk early breast cancer: results from a preplanned monarche overall survival interim analysis, including 5-year efficacy outcomes. J Clin Oncol. 2024 Jan 9:JCO.23.01994. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.01994
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slamon D, Lipatov O, Nowecki Z, et al. Ribociclib plus Endocrine Therapy in Early Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2024 Mar 21;390(12):1080–1091. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2305488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmid P, Cortes J, Dent R, et al. Event-free survival with pembrolizumab in Early Triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(6):556–567. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2112651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geyer CE, Garber JE, Gelber RD, et al. Overall survival in the OlympiA phase III trial of adjuvant olaparib in patients with germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 and high-risk, early breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2022;33(12):1250–1268. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.09.159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambertini M, Marrocco C, Spinaci S, et al. Risk of gonadotoxicity with immunotherapy and targeted agents remains an unsolved but crucial issue. Eur J Clin Invest. 2022;52(7):e13779. doi: 10.1111/eci.13779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambertini M, Campbell C, Bines J, et al. Adjuvant anti-HER2 therapy, treatment-related amenorrhea, and survival in premenopausal HER2-positive early breast cancer patients. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst. 2019;111(1):86–94. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djy094
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruddy KJ, Zheng Y, Tayob N, et al. Chemotherapy-related amenorrhea (CRA) after adjuvant ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) compared to paclitaxel in combination with trastuzumab (TH) (TBCRC033: ATEMPT Trial). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2021 Jun 12;189(1):103–110. doi: 10.1007/s10549-021-06267-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambertini M, Ceppi M, Anderson RA, et al. Impact of Anti-HER2 therapy alone and with weekly paclitaxel on the ovarian reserve of young women with HER2-positive breast cancer. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw JNCCN. 2023;21(1):33–41.e16. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2022.7065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Minckwitz G, Huang CS, Mano MS, et al. Trastuzumab emtansine for residual invasive HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(7):617–628. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1814017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurvitz SA, Hegg R, Chung WP, et al. Trastuzumab deruxtecan versus trastuzumab emtansine in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: updated results from DESTINY-Breast03, a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023;401(10371):105–117. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02420-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modi S, Jacot W, Yamashita T, et al. Trastuzumab deruxtecan in Previously treated HER2-low advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(1):9–20. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2203690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer EL, Dueck AC, Martin M, et al. Palbociclib with adjuvant endocrine therapy in early breast cancer (PALLAS): interim analysis of a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22(2):212–222. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30642-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loibl S, Marmé F, Martin M, et al. Palbociclib for residual high-risk invasive HR-Positive and HER2-negative early breast cancer-the penelope-B Trial. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2021;39(14):1518–1530. doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.03639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Research C for DE and. FDA D.I.S.C.O.; Burst Edition: FDA approval of Verzenio (abemaciclib) with endocrine therapy for patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative, node-positive, early breast cancer. FDA. [UpdatedUpdated 2023 Mar 24; cited 2023 Mar 24]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-disco-burst-edition-fda-approval-verzenio-abemaciclib-endocrine-therapy-patients-hr-positive
   Google Scholar
• Gao X, Leone GW, Wang H. Cyclin D-CDK4/6 functions in cancer. Adv Cancer Res. 2020;148:147–169. doi: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.02.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scavone G, Ottonello S, Blondeaux E, et al. The Role of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4/6 in the ovarian tissue and the possible effects of their exogenous inhibition. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(20):4923. doi: 10.3390/cancers15204923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheffield KM, Peachey JR, Method M, et al. A real-world US study of recurrence risks using combined clinicopathological features in HR-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer. Future Oncol Lond Engl. 2022;18(21):2667–2682. doi: 10.2217/fon-2022-0310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dannehl D, Volmer LL, Weiss M, et al. Feasibility of adjuvant treatment with abemaciclib-real-world data from a large German breast center. J Pers Med. 2022;12(3):382. doi: 10.3390/jpm12030382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schäffler H, Mergel F, Pfister K, et al. The clinical relevance of the NATALEE study: application of the NATALEE criteria to a real-world cohort from two large German breast cancer centers. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(22):16366. doi: 10.3390/ijms242216366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catlin NR, Bowman CJ, Engel SM, et al. Reproductive and developmental toxicity assessment of palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, in Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand White rabbits. Reprod Toxicol Elmsford N. 2019;88:76–84. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.07.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furlanetto J, Marmé F, Thode C, et al. 60MO Ovarian function in young patients (pts) treated with postneoadjuvant palbociclib (PAL) and endocrine therapy (ET) for hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer (BC): Explorative analysis in Penelope-B. Ann Oncol. 2022;33:S149–S150. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robson ME, Tung N, Conte P, et al. OlympiAD final overall survival and tolerability results: olaparib versus chemotherapy treatment of physician’s choice in patients with a germline BRCA mutation and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2019;30(4):558–566. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdz012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litton JK, Hurvitz SA, Mina LA, et al. Talazoparib versus chemotherapy in patients with germline BRCA1/2-mutated HER2-negative advanced breast cancer: final overall survival results from the EMBRACA trial. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2020;31(11):1526–1535. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winship AL, Griffiths M, Lliberos Requesens C, et al. The PARP inhibitor, olaparib, depletes the ovarian reserve in mice: implications for fertility preservation. Hum Reprod. 2020;35(8):1864–1874. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deaa128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittendorf EA, Zhang H, Barrios CH, et al. Neoadjuvant atezolizumab in combination with sequential nab-paclitaxel and anthracycline-based chemotherapy versus placebo and chemotherapy in patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (IMpassion031): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2020;396(10257):1090–1100. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31953-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardoso F, McArthur HL, Schmid P, et al. LBA21 KEYNOTE-756: phase III study of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab (pembro) or placebo (pbo) + chemotherapy (chemo), followed by adjuvant pembro or pbo + endocrine therapy (ET) for early-stage high-risk ER+/HER2– breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2023;34:S1260–S1261. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.10.011
   Google Scholar
• Loi S, McArthur HL, Harbeck N, et al. A phase III trial of nivolumab with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant endocrine therapy in ER+/HER2- primary breast cancer: checkMate 7FL. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(15_suppl):TPS604–TPS604. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.TPS604
   Google Scholar
• Winship AL, Alesi LR, Sant S, et al. Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy diminishes oocyte number and quality in mice. Nat Cancer. 2022;3(8):1–13. doi: 10.1038/s43018-022-00413-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garutti M, Lambertini M, Puglisi F. Checkpoint inhibitors, fertility, pregnancy, and sexual life: a systematic review. ESMO Open. 2021;6(5):100276. doi: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boots CE, Meister M, Cooper AR, et al. Ovarian stimulation in the luteal phase: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2016;33(8):971–980. doi: 10.1007/s10815-016-0721-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orvieto R. Triggering final follicular maturation- hCG, GnRH-agonist or both, when and to whom? J Ovarian Res. 2015;8(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s13048-015-0187-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cobo A, García-Velasco JA, Coello A, et al. Oocyte vitrification as an efficient option for elective fertility preservation. Fertil Steril. 2016;105(3):755–764.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.11.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sessa C, Balmaña J, Bober SL, et al. Risk reduction and screening of cancer in hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndromes: ESMO clinical practice guideline. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2023;34(1):33–47. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azim AA, Costantini-Ferrando M, Oktay K. Safety of fertility preservation by ovarian stimulation with letrozole and gonadotropins in patients with breast cancer: a prospective controlled study. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(16):2630–2635. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.8700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonardi B, Massarotti C, Bruzzone M, et al. Efficacy and safety of controlled ovarian stimulation with or without letrozole Co-administration for fertility preservation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol. 2020;10:574669. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.574669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meirow D, Raanani H, Maman E, et al. Tamoxifen co-administration during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization in breast cancer patients increases the safety of fertility-preservation treatment strategies. Fertil Steril. 2014;102(2):488–495.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.05.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida T, Takahashi O, Suzuki Y, et al. The effectiveness of controlled ovarian stimulation with tamoxifen for patients with estrogen‐sensitive breast cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Reprod Med Biol. 2023;22(1):e12543. doi: 10.1002/rmb2.12543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arecco L, Blondeaux E, Bruzzone M, et al. Safety of fertility preservation techniques before and after anticancer treatments in young women with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Oxf Eng. 2022;37(5):954–968. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deac035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benvenuti C, Laot L, Grinda T, et al. Is controlled ovarian stimulation safe in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy? ESMO Open. 2024;9(2):102228. doi: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.102228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• İsrafilova G, Şükür YE, Özkavukcu S, et al. Comparison of oocyte and embryo quality between random start and controlled ovarian stimulation cycles in cancer patients undergoing fertility preservation. Reprod Sci Thousand Oaks Calif. 2021;28(8):2200–2207. doi: 10.1007/s43032-020-00412-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cakmak H, Katz A, Cedars MI, et al. Effective method for emergency fertility preservation: random-start controlled ovarian stimulation. Fertil Steril. 2013;100(6):1673–1680. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobo A, García-Velasco J, Domingo J, et al. Elective and Onco-fertility preservation: factors related to IVF outcomes. Hum Reprod Oxf Eng. 2018;33(12):2222–2231. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dey321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardozo ER, Thomson AP, Karmon AE, et al. Ovarian stimulation and in-vitro fertilization outcomes of cancer patients undergoing fertility preservation compared to age matched controls: a 17-year experience. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2015;32(4):587–596. doi: 10.1007/s10815-015-0428-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khattak H, Malhas R, Craciunas L, et al. Fresh and cryopreserved ovarian tissue transplantation for preserving reproductive and endocrine function: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2022;28(3):400–416. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmac003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dueholm Hjorth IM, Kristensen SG, Dueholm M, et al. Reproductive outcomes after in vitro fertilization treatment in a cohort of Danish women transplanted with cryopreserved ovarian tissue. Fertil Steril. 2020;114(2):379–387. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.03.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleury A, Pirrello O, Maugard C, et al. Breast cancer and ovarian tissue cryopreservation: review of the literature. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2018;47(8):351–357. doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2018.05.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buonomo B, Massarotti C, Dellino M, et al. Reproductive issues in carriers of germline pathogenic variants in the BRCA1/2 genes: an expert meeting. BMC Med. 2021;19(1):205. doi: 10.1186/s12916-021-02081-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arecco L, Ruelle T, Martelli V, et al. How to Protect Ovarian Function before and during chemotherapy? J Clin Med. 2021;10(18):4192. doi: 10.3390/jcm10184192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conn PM, Crowley WF. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its analogues. N Engl J Med. 1991;324(2):93–103. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199101103240205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumenfeld Z. Fertility preservation using gnrh agonists: rationale, possible mechanisms, and explanation of controversy. Clin Med Insights Reprod Health. 2019;13:117955811987016. doi: 10.1177/1179558119870163
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scaruffi P, Stigliani S, Cardinali C, et al. Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists have an anti-apoptotic effect on cumulus cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(23):6045. doi: 10.3390/ijms20236045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Mastro L, Boni L, Michelotti A, et al. Effect of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue triptorelin on the occurrence of chemotherapy-induced early menopause in premenopausal women with breast cancer: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2011;306(3):269–276. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber B, von Minckwitz G, Stehle H, et al. Effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist on ovarian function after modern adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy: the GBG 37 ZORO study. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2011;29(17):2334–2341. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.32.5704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munster PN, Moore AP, Ismail-Khan R, et al. Randomized trial using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist triptorelin for the preservation of ovarian function during (Neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(5):533–538. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.34.6890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore HCF, Unger JM, Phillips KA, et al. Goserelin for ovarian protection during breast-cancer adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(10):923–932. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1413204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard RCF, Adamson DJA, Bertelli G, et al. GnRH agonist for protection against ovarian toxicity during chemotherapy for early breast cancer: the anglo celtic group OPTION trial. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(8):1811–1816. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdx184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambertini M, Ceppi M, Poggio F, et al. Ovarian suppression using luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists during chemotherapy to preserve ovarian function and fertility of breast cancer patients: a meta-analysis of randomized studies. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(12):2408–2419. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdv374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambertini M, Moore HCF, Leonard RCF, et al. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists during chemotherapy for preservation of ovarian function and fertility in premenopausal patients with early breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient–level data. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(19):1981–1990. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2018.78.0858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oktay K, Harvey BE, Partridge AH, et al. Fertility preservation in patients with cancer: ASCO clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(19):1994–2001. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2018.78.1914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambertini M, Boni L, Michelotti A, et al. Long-term outcomes with pharmacological ovarian suppression during chemotherapy in premenopausal early breast cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2022;114(3):400–408. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djab213
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Regan MM, Walley BA, Francis PA, et al. Concurrent and sequential initiation of ovarian function suppression with chemotherapy in premenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer: an exploratory analysis of TEXT and SOFT. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(9):2225–2232. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdx285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zong X, Yu Y, Yang H, et al. Effects of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs on ovarian function against chemotherapy-induced gonadotoxic effects in premenopausal women with breast cancer in china: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2022;8(2):252–258. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambertini M, Goldrat O, Toss A, et al. Fertility and pregnancy issues in BRCA -mutated breast cancer patients. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017;59:61–70. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turan V, Oktay K. BRCA-related ATM-mediated DNA double-strand break repair and ovarian aging. Hum Reprod Update. 2020;26(1):43–57. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmz043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oktay K, Turan V, Titus S, et al. BRCA Mutations, DNA repair deficiency, and ovarian aging. Biol Reprod. 2015;93(3):67. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.132290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son KA, Lee DY, Choi D. Association of BRCA mutations and anti-müllerian hormone level in young breast cancer patients. Front Endocrinol. 2019;10:235. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oktay KH, Bedoschi G, Goldfarb SB, et al. Increased chemotherapy-induced ovarian reserve loss in women with germline BRCA mutations due to oocyte deoxyribonucleic acid double strand break repair deficiency. Fertil Steril. 2020;113(6):1251–1260.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.01.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porcu E, Cillo GM, Cipriani L, et al. Impact of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations on ovarian reserve and fertility preservation outcomes in young women with breast cancer. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2020;37(3):709–715. doi: 10.1007/s10815-019-01658-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daum H, Peretz T, Laufer N. BRCA mutations and reproduction. Fertil Steril. 2018;109(1):33–38. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.12.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oktay KH, Turan V, Bedoschi G, et al. A prospective longitudinal analysis of the predictors of amenorrhea after breast cancer chemotherapy: impact of BRCA pathogenic variants. Cancer Med. 2023;12(18):19225–19233. doi: 10.1002/cam4.6527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuchenbaecker KB, Hopper JL, Barnes DR, et al. Risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers. JAMA. 2017;317(23):2402–2416. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.7112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J, Turan V, Oktay K. Long-term safety of letrozole and gonadotropin stimulation for fertility preservation in women with breast cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(4):1364–1371. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greer AC, Lanes A, Poorvu PD, et al. The impact of fertility preservation on the timing of breast cancer treatment, recurrence, and survival. Cancer. 2021 Jun 23;cncr.33601. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33601
   Google Scholar
• Kim SW, Kim TH, Han JY, et al. Impact of BRCA mutations and hormone receptor status on reproductive potential in breast cancer patients undergoing fertility preservation. Gynecol Endocrinol Off J Int Soc Gynecol Endocrinol. 2022;38(3):227–230. doi: 10.1080/09513590.2021.2002294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambertini M, Goldrat O, Ferreira AR, et al. Reproductive potential and performance of fertility preservation strategies in BRCA-mutated breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(1):237–243. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdx639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turan V, Bedoschi G, Emirdar V, et al. Ovarian stimulation in patients with cancer: impact of letrozole and BRCA mutations on fertility preservation cycle outcomes. Reprod Sci Thousand Oaks Calif. 2018;25(1):26–32. doi: 10.1177/1933719117728800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Moujahed L, Philis R, Grynberg M, et al. Response to ovarian stimulation for urgent fertility preservation before gonadotoxic treatment in BRCA-pathogenic-variant-positive breast cancer patients. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(3):895. doi: 10.3390/cancers15030895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapira M, Raanani H, Feldman B, et al. BRCA mutation carriers show normal ovarian response in in vitro fertilization cycles. Fertil Steril. 2015;104(5):1162–1167. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.1162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnala V, Fields J, Irani M, et al. BRCA carriers have similar reproductive potential at baseline to noncarriers: comparisons in cancer and cancer-free cohorts undergoing fertility preservation. Fertil Steril. 2019;111(2):363–371. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.10.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grynberg M, Dagher Hayeck B, Papanikolaou EG, et al. BRCA1/2 gene mutations do not affect the capacity of oocytes from breast cancer candidates for fertility preservation to mature in vitro. Hum Reprod Oxf Eng. 2019;34(2):374–379. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dey358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vuković P, Peccatori FA, Massarotti C, et al. Preimplantation genetic testing for carriers of BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2021;157:103201. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shenfield F, Pennings G, Devroey P, et al. Taskforce 5: preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Hum Reprod Oxf Eng. 2003;18(3):649–651. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deg110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen AK, Macklon KT, Fedder J, et al. 86 successful births and 9 ongoing pregnancies worldwide in women transplanted with frozen-thawed ovarian tissue: focus on birth and perinatal outcome in 40 of these children. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2017;34(3):325–336. doi: 10.1007/s10815-016-0843-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambertini M, Blondeaux E, Bruzzone M, et al. Pregnancy after breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Jul 1:JCO.21.00535. doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.00535
   Google Scholar
• Azim HA, Metzger-Filho O, de Azambuja E, et al. Pregnancy occurring during or following adjuvant trastuzumab in patients enrolled in the HERA trial (BIG 01-01). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;133(1):387–391. doi: 10.1007/s10549-012-1996-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambertini M, Martel S, Campbell C, et al. Pregnancies during and after trastuzumab and/or lapatinib in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive early breast cancer: Analysis from the NeoALTTO (BIG 1-06) and ALTTO (BIG 2-06) trials: pregnancies in women with HER2+ Breast Cancer. Cancer. 2019;125(2):307–316. doi: 10.1002/cncr.31784
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arecco L, Blondeaux E, Bruzzone M, et al. Safety of pregnancy after breast cancer in young women with hormone receptor-positive disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ESMO Open. 2023;8(6):102031. doi: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.102031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Partridge AH, Niman SM, Ruggeri M, et al. Interrupting endocrine therapy to attempt pregnancy after breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(18):1645–1656. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2212856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arecco L, Lambertini M. Safety of interrupting adjuvant endocrine therapy to conceive: early data are POSITIVE. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2023 Jul 6;20(10):662–663. doi: 10.1038/s41571-023-00797-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentini A, Lubinski J, Byrski T, et al. The impact of pregnancy on breast cancer survival in women who carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;142(1):177–185. doi: 10.1007/s10549-013-2729-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambertini M, Ameye L, Hamy AS, et al. Pregnancy after breast cancer in patients with germline BRCA mutations. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2020;38(26):3012–3023. doi: 10.1200/JCO.19.02399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambertini M, Blondeaux E, Agostinetto E, et al. Pregnancy after breast cancer in young BRCA carriers: an international hospital-based cohort study. JAMA. 2024;331(1):49–59. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.25463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razeti MG, Soldato D, Arecco L, et al. Approaches to fertility preservation for young women with breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer. 2023;23(3):241–248. doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2023.01.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaami S, Montanari Vergallo G, Moscatelli M, et al. Oncofertility: the importance of counseling for fertility preservation in cancer patients. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021;25(22):6874–6880. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202111_27235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones G, Hughes J, Mahmoodi N, et al. What factors hinder the decision-making process for women with cancer and contemplating fertility preservation treatment? Hum Reprod Update. 2017;23(4):433–457. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmx009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaami S, Stark M, Signore F, et al. Fertility preservation in female cancer sufferers: (only) a moral obligation? Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care Off J Eur Soc Contracept. 2022;27(4):335–340. doi: 10.1080/13625187.2022.2045936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambertini M, Goldrat O, Clatot F, et al. Controversies about fertility and pregnancy issues in young breast cancer patients: current state of the art. Curr Opin Oncol. 2017;29(4):243–252. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000000380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massarotti C, Scaruffi P, Lambertini M, et al. Beyond fertility preservation: role of the oncofertility unit in the reproductive and gynecological follow-up of young cancer patients. Hum Reprod. 2019;34(8):1462–1469. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dez108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logan S, Anazodo A. The psychological importance of fertility preservation counseling and support for cancer patients. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2019;98(5):583–597. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13562
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambertini M, Massarotti C, Havas J, et al. Contraceptive use in premenopausal women with early breast cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(9):e2233137. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.33137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosch E, Broer S, Griesinger G, et al.; Ovarian Stimulation TEGGO. ESHRE guideline: ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI†. Hum Reprod Open. 2020;2020(2):hoaa009. doi: 10.1093/hropen/hoaa009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van der Kooi ALLF, Kelsey TW, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, et al. Perinatal complications in female survivors of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Oxf Engl 1990. 2019;111:126–137. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.01.104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartnett KP, Mertens AC, Kramer MR, et al. Pregnancy after cancer: Does timing of conception affect infant health? pregnancy timing after cancer. Cancer. 2018;124(22):4401–4407. doi: 10.1002/cncr.31732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buonomo B, Brunello A, Noli S, et al. Tamoxifen Exposure during pregnancy: a systematic review and three more cases. Breast Care. 2019 Jul 25:1–9. doi: 10.1159/000501473
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar