The role of molecular diagnostic testing in the management of thyroid nodules

References

• Morris LGT, Tuttle RM, Davies L. Changing trends in the incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016;142(7):709–711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing M, Haugen BR, Schlumberger M. Progress in molecular-based management of differentiated thyroid cancer. The Lancet. 2013;381(9871):1058–1069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitahara CM, Sosa JA. The changing incidence of thyroid cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2016;12(11):646–653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikiforov YE, Nikiforova MN. Molecular genetics and diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011;7(10):569–580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozgursoy OB, Eisele DW, Tufano RP. The prognostic implications from molecular testing of thyroid cancer. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2014;47(4):595–607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brander A, Viikinkoski P, Nickels J, et al. Thyroid gland: US screening in a random adult population. Radiology. 1991;181(3):683–687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies L, Welch HG. Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States, 1973–2002. Jama. 2006;295(18):2164–2167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sosa JA, Hanna JW, Robinson KA, et al., Increases in thyroid nodule fine-needle aspirations, operations, and diagnoses of thyroid cancer in the United States. Surgery. 2013;154(6):1420–1426. discussion 1426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uppal A, White MG, Nagar S, et al. Benign and malignant thyroid incidentalomas are rare in routine clinical practice: a review of 97,908 imaging studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015;24(9):1327–1331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delange F, De Benoist B, Pretell E, et al. Iodine deficiency in the world: where do we stand at the turn of the century? Thyroid. 2001;11(5):437–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiltshire JJ, Drake TM, Uttley L, et al. Systematic review of trends in the incidence rates of thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2016;26(11):1541–1552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keutgen XM, Filicori F, Fahey TJ. Molecular diagnosis for indeterminate thyroid nodules on fine needle aspiration: advances and limitations. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2013;13(6):613–623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association guidelines task force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2016;26(1):1–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yip L, Sosa JA. Molecular-directed treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer: advances in diagnosis and treatment. JAMA Surg. 2016;151(7):663–670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cibas ES, Ali SZ. The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. Thyroid. 2009;19(11):1159–1165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aschebrook-Kilfoy B, Schechter RB, Shih Y-CT, et al. The clinical and economic burden of a sustained increase in thyroid cancer incidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013;22(7):1252–1259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faquin WC. Can a gene-expression classifier with high negative predictive value solve the indeterminate thyroid fine-needle aspiration dilemma? Cancer Cytopathol. 2013;121(3):116–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing M. BRAF mutation in thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2005;12(2):245–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikiforova MN, Kimura ET, Gandhi M, et al. BRAF mutations in thyroid tumors are restricted to papillary carcinomas and anaplastic or poorly differentiated carcinomas arising from papillary carcinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(11):5399–5404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begum S, Rosenbaum E, Henrique R, et al. BRAF mutations in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: implications for tumor origin, diagnosis and treatment. Mod Pathol. 2004;17(11):1359–1363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tufano RP, Teixeira GV, Bishop J, et al. BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid cancer and its value in tailoring initial treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2012;91(5):274–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies H, Bignell GR, Cox C, et al. Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature. 2002;417(6892):949–954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukushima T, Suzuki S, Mashiko M, et al. BRAF mutations in papillary carcinomas of the thyroid. Oncogene. 2003;22(41):6455–6457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing M, Westra WH, Tufano RP, et al. BRAF mutation predicts a poorer clinical prognosis for papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(12):6373–6379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oler G, Cerutti JM. High prevalence of BRAF mutation in a Brazilian cohort of patients with sporadic papillary thyroid carcinomas: correlation with more aggressive phenotype and decreased expression of iodide-metabolizing genes. Cancer. 2009;115(5):972–980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandolfi G, Sancisi V, Piana S, et al. Time to re-consider the meaning of BRAF V600E mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2015;137(5):1001–1011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbaro D, Incensati RM, Materazzi G, et al. The BRAF V600E mutation in papillary thyroid cancer with positive or suspected pre-surgical cytological finding is not associated with advanced stages or worse prognosis. Endocrine. 2014;45(3):462–468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sancisi V, Nicoli D, Ragazzi M, et al. BRAFV600E mutation does not mean distant metastasis in thyroid papillary carcinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(9):E1745–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jinih M, Foley N, Osho O, et al. BRAF(V600E) mutation as a predictor of thyroid malignancy in indeterminate nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2016.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kleiman DA, Sporn MJ, Beninato T, et al. Preoperative BRAF(V600E) mutation screening is unlikely to alter initial surgical treatment of patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules: a prospective case series of 960 patients. Cancer. 2013;119(8):1495–1502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SK, Woo J-W, Lee JH, et al. Role of BRAF V600E mutation as an indicator of the extent of thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection in conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma. Surgery. 2015;158(6):1500–1511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afkhami M, Karunamurthy A, Chiosea S, et al. Histopathologic and clinical characterization of thyroid tumors carrying the BRAF(K601E) mutation. Thyroid. 2016;26(2):242–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torregrossa L, Viola D, Sensi E, et al. Papillary thyroid carcinoma with rare exon 15 BRAF mutation has indolent behavior: a single-institution experience. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(11):4413–4420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing M. Molecular pathogenesis and mechanisms of thyroid cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2013;13(3):184–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karga H, Lee JK, Vickery AL, et al. Ras oncogene mutations in benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;73(4):832–836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SR, Jung CK, Kim TE, et al. Molecular genotyping of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma correlates with diagnostic category of fine-needle aspiration cytology: values of RAS mutation testing. Thyroid. 2013;23(11):1416–1422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulson VA, Shivdasani P, Angell TE, et al. NIFTP accounts for over half of “carcinomas” harboring RAS mutations. Thyroid. 2017;(4):506–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta N, Dasyam AK, Carty SE, et al. RAS mutations in thyroid FNA specimens are highly predictive of predominantly low-risk follicular-pattern cancers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(5):E914–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel SG, Carty SE, McCoy KL, et al. Preoperative detection of RAS mutation may guide extent of thyroidectomy. Surgery. 2016;161(1):168–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marotta V, Guerra A, Sapio MR, et al. RET/PTC rearrangement in benign and malignant thyroid diseases: a clinical standpoint. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165(4):499–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung CC, Carydis B, Ezzat S, et al. Analysis of ret/PTC gene rearrangements refines the fine needle aspiration diagnosis of thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(5):2187–2190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhoden KJ, Unger K, Salvatore G, et al. RET/papillary thyroid cancer rearrangement in nonneoplastic thyrocytes: follicular cells of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis share low-level recombination events with a subset of papillary carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(6):2414–2423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi M, Buratto M, Tagliati F, et al. Relevance of BRAF(V600E) mutation testing versus RAS point mutations and RET/PTC rearrangements evaluation in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2015;25(2):221–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabes HM, Demidchik EP, Sidorow JD, et al. Pattern of radiation-induced RET and NTRK1 rearrangements in 191 post-Chernobyl papillary thyroid carcinomas: biological, phenotypic, and clinical implications. Clin Cancer Res. 2000;6(3):1093–1103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas GA, Bunnell H, Cook HA, et al. High prevalence of RET/PTC rearrangements in Ukrainian and Belarussian post-Chernobyl thyroid papillary carcinomas: a strong correlation between RET/PTC3 and the solid-follicular variant. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(11):4232–4238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bongarzone I, Vigneri P, Mariani L, et al. RET/NTRK1 rearrangements in thyroid gland tumors of the papillary carcinoma family: correlation with clinicopathological features. Clin Cancer Res. 1998;4(1):223–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikiforov YE, Ohori NP, Hodak SP, et al. Impact of mutational testing on the diagnosis and management of patients with cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules: a prospective analysis of 1056 FNA samples. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(11):3390–3397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantara S, Capezzone M, Marchisotta S, et al. Impact of proto-oncogene mutation detection in cytological specimens from thyroid nodules improves the diagnostic accuracy of cytology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(3):1365–1369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung L, Messina M, Gill A, et al. Detection of the PAX8-PPAR gamma fusion oncogene in both follicular thyroid carcinomas and adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(1):354–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwight T, Thoppe SR, Foukakis T, et al. Involvement of the PAX8/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma rearrangement in follicular thyroid tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(9):4440–4445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najafian A, Noureldine S, Azar F, et al. RAS mutations, and RET/PTC and PAX8/PPAR-gamma chromosomal rearrangements are also prevalent in benign thyroid lesions: implications thereof and a systematic review. Thyroid. 2016;27(1):39–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marques AR, Espadinha C, Catarino AL, et al. Expression of PAX8-PPAR gamma 1 rearrangements in both follicular thyroid carcinomas and adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(8):3947–3952.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handkiewicz-Junak D, Czarniecka A, Jarzab B. Molecular prognostic markers in papillary and follicular thyroid cancer: current status and future directions. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010;322(1–2):8–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagin JA, Mitsiades N. Molecular pathology of thyroid cancer: diagnostic and clinical implications. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;22(6):955–969.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Rostán G, Costa AM, Pereira-Castro I, et al. Mutation of the PIK3CA gene in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Cancer Res. 2005;65(22):10199–10207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantley LC, Neel BG. New insights into tumor suppression: PTEN suppresses tumor formation by restraining the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96(8):4240–4245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricarte-Filho JC, Ryder M, Chitale DA, et al. Mutational profile of advanced primary and metastatic radioactive iodine-refractory thyroid cancers reveals distinct pathogenetic roles for BRAF, PIK3CA, and AKT1. Cancer Res. 2009;69(11):4885–4893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Jiménez C, Santisteban P. TSH signalling and cancer. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2007;51(5):654–671.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jaeschke H, Mueller S, Eszlinger M, et al. Lack of in vitro constitutive activity for four previously reported TSH receptor mutations identified in patients with nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism and hot thyroid carcinomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2010;73(6):815–820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chudova D, Wilde JI, Wang ET, et al. Molecular classification of thyroid nodules using high-dimensionality genomic data. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(12):5296–5304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barden CB, Shister KW, Zhu B, et al. Classification of follicular thyroid tumors by molecular signature: results of gene profiling. Clin Cancer Res. 2003;9(5):1792–1800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander EK, Kennedy GC, Baloch ZW, et al. Preoperative diagnosis of benign thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(8):705–715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander EK, Schorr M, Klopper J, et al. Multicenter clinical experience with the Afirma gene expression classifier. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(1):119–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angell TE, Frates MC, Medici M, et al. Afirma benign thyroid nodules show similar growth to cytologically benign nodules during follow-up. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(11):E1477–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duick DS, Klopper JP, Diggans JC, et al. The impact of benign gene expression classifier test results on the endocrinologist-patient decision to operate on patients with thyroid nodules with indeterminate fine-needle aspiration cytopathology. Thyroid. 2012;22(10):996–1001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang S-E, Sullivan PS, Zhang J, et al. Has Afirma gene expression classifier testing refined the indeterminate thyroid category in cytology? Cancer Cytopathol. 2016;124(2):100–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H, Robinson KA, Anton B, et al. Cost-effectiveness of a novel molecular test for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(11):E1719–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abeykoon JP, Mueller L, Dong F, et al. The effect of implementing gene expression classifier on outcomes of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology. Horm Cancer. 2016;7(4):272–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacks WL, Bose S, Zumsteg ZS, et al. Impact of Afirma gene expression classifier on cytopathology diagnosis and rate of thyroidectomy. Cancer. 2016;124(10):722–728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marti JL, Avadhani V, Donatelli LA, et al. Wide inter-institutional variation in performance of a molecular classifier for indeterminate thyroid nodules. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22(12):3996–4001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu JX, Lam R, Levin M, et al. Effect of malignancy rates on cost-effectiveness of routine gene expression classifier testing for indeterminate thyroid nodules. Surgery. 2016;159(1):118–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lastra RR, Pramick MR, Crammer CJ, et al. Implications of a suspicious Afirma test result in thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology: an institutional experience. Cancer Cytopathol. 2014;122(10):737–744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krane JF. Lessons from early clinical experience with the Afirma gene expression classifier. Cancer Cytopathol. 2014;122(10):715–719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu JX, Young S, Hung ML, et al. Clinical factors influencing the performance of gene expression classifier testing in indeterminate thyroid nodules. Thyroid. 2016;26(7):916–922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brauner E, Holmes BJ, Krane JF, et al. Performance of the Afirma gene expression classifier in Hürthle cell thyroid nodules differs from other indeterminate thyroid nodules. Thyroid. 2015;25(7):789–796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finley DJ, Zhu B, Fahey TJ. Molecular analysis of Hurthle cell neoplasms by gene profiling. Surgery. 2004;136(6):1160–1168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong KS, Angell TE, Strickland KC, et al. Noninvasive follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma and the Afirma gene-expression classifier. Thyroid. 2016;26(7):911–915.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang XS, Harrison GP, Datto MB. Young investigator challenge: molecular testing in noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features. Cancer. 2016;124(12):893–900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faquin WC, Baloch ZW. Fine-needle aspiration of follicular patterned lesions of the thyroid: diagnosis, management, and follow-up according to National Cancer Institute (NCI) recommendations. Diagn Cytopathol. 2010;38(10):731–739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikiforov YE, Steward DL, Robinson-Smith TM, et al. Molecular testing for mutations in improving the fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of thyroid nodules. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(6):2092–2098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moses W, Weng J, Sansano I, et al. Molecular testing for somatic mutations improves the accuracy of thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy. World J Surg. 2010;34(11):2589–2594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaudenon-Huibregtse S, Alexander EK, Guttler RB, et al. Centralized molecular testing for oncogenic gene mutations complements the local cytopathologic diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Thyroid. 2014;24(10):1479–1487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eszlinger M, Krogdahl A, Münz S, et al. Impact of molecular screening for point mutations and rearrangements in routine air-dried fine-needle aspiration samples of thyroid nodules. Thyroid. 2014;24(2):305–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eszlinger M, Piana S, Moll A, et al. Molecular testing of thyroid fine-needle aspirations improves presurgical diagnosis and supports the histologic identification of minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinomas. Thyroid. 2015;25(4):401–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eszlinger M, Böhme K, Ullmann M, et al. Evaluation of a two-year routine application of molecular testing of thyroid fine-needle aspirations using a seven-gene panel in a primary referral setting in Germany. Thyroid. 2017;27(3):402–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Integrated genomic characterization of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell. 2014;159(3):676–690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricarte-Filho JC, Li S, Garcia-Rendueles MER, et al. Identification of kinase fusion oncogenes in post-Chernobyl radiation-induced thyroid cancers. J Clin Invest. 2013;123(11):4935–4944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serratì S, De Summa S, Pilato B, et al. Next-generation sequencing: advances and applications in cancer diagnosis. Onco Targets Ther. 2016;9:7355–7365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikiforova MN, Wald AI, Roy S, et al. Targeted next-generation sequencing panel (ThyroSeq) for detection of mutations in thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(11):E1852–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikiforov YE, Carty SE, Chiosea SI, et al. Highly accurate diagnosis of cancer in thyroid nodules with follicular neoplasm/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm cytology by ThyroSeq v2 next-generation sequencing assay. Cancer. 2014;120(23):3627–3634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikiforov YE, Carty SE, Chiosea SI, et al. Impact of the multi-gene ThyroSeq next-generation sequencing assay on cancer diagnosis in thyroid nodules with atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance cytology. Thyroid. 2015;25(11):1217–1223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shukla GC, Singh J, Barik S. MicroRNAs: processing, maturation, target recognition and regulatory functions. Mol Cell Pharmacol. 2011;3(3):83–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Toraih EA, Fawzy MS, Mohammed EA, et al. MicroRNA-196a2 biomarker and targetome network analysis in solid tumors. Mol Diagn Ther. 2016;20(6):559–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keutgen XM, Filicori F, Crowley MJ, et al. A panel of four miRNAs accurately differentiates malignant from benign indeterminate thyroid lesions on fine needle aspiration. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18(7):2032–2038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dettmer MS, Perren A, Moch H, et al. MicroRNA profile of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas: new diagnostic and prognostic insights. J Mol Endocrinol. 2014;52(2):181–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labourier E, Shifrin A, Busseniers AE, et al. Molecular testing for miRNA, mRNA, and DNA on fine-needle aspiration improves the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(7):2743–2750.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stokowy T, Wojtas B, Jarzab B, et al. Two-miRNA classifiers differentiate mutation-negative follicular thyroid carcinomas and follicular thyroid adenomas in fine needle aspirations with high specificity. Endocrine. 2016;54(2):440–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikiforov YE, Seethala RR, Tallini G, et al. Nomenclature revision for encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a paradigm shift to reduce overtreatment of indolent tumors. JAMA Oncology. 2016;2(8):1023–1029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar