Mindfulness in migraine: A narrative review

References

• GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators.Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet. 2018 Nov 10;392(10159):1789–1858. PMID:30496104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipton RB, Bigal ME, Diamond M, et al. Migraine prevalence, disease burden, and the need for preventive therapy. Neurology. 2007 Jan 30;68(5):343–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burch RC, Buse DC, Lipton RB. Migraine: epidemiology, burden, and comorbidity. Neurol Clinics. 2019 Nov;37(4):631–649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Headache classification committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2018 Jan;38(1):1–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buse DC, Fanning KM, Reed ML, et al. Life with migraine: effects on relationships, career, and finances from the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes (CaMEO) study. Headache. 2019 Sep;59(8):1286–1299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loder EW, Burch RC. Who should try new antibody treatments for migraine? JAMA Neurol. 2018 Sep 1;75(9):1039–1040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loder EW, Burch RC. Consideration of costs and open-label studies of erenumab-reply. JAMA Neurol. 2019 Feb 1;76(2):236–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins L. CGRP antagonists: physiologic effects and serious side effects. Headache. 2018 Oct;58(9):1469–1471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipton RB, Hutchinson S, Ailani J, et al. Discontinuation of acute prescription medication for migraine: results from the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes (CaMEO) study. Headache. 2019 Nov;59(10):1762–1772.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells RE, Markowitz SY, Baron EP, et al. Identifying the factors underlying discontinuation of triptans. Headache. 2014 Feb;54(2):278–289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archibald N, Lipscomb J, McCrory DC. AHRQ technical reviews. Resource utilization and costs of care for treatment of chronic headache. Rockville (MD): Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (US); 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Lipton RB, Hutchinson S, Ailani J, et al. Discontinuation of acute prescription medication for migraine: results from the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes (CaMEO) study. Headache. 2019 Nov;59(10):1762–1772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipton RB, Munjal S, Buse DC, et al. Unmet acute treatment needs from the 2017 migraine in America symptoms and treatment study. Headache. 2019 Sep;59(8):1310–1323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loder E, Weizenbaum E, Frishberg B, et al. Choosing wisely in headache medicine: the American headache society’s list of five things physicians and patients should question. Headache. 2013 Nov–Dec;53(10):1651–1659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buse DC, Powers SW, Gelfand AA, et al. Adolescent perspectives on the burden of a parent’s migraine: results from the CaMEO study. Headache. 2018 Apr;58(4):512–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seng EK, Mauser ED, Marzouk M, et al. When mom has migraine: an observational study of the impact of parental migraine on adolescent children. Headache. 2019 Feb;59(2):224–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells RE, Loder E. Mind/body and behavioral treatments: the evidence and approach. Headache. 2012 Oct;52(Suppl 2):70–75.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pellegrino ABW, Davis-Martin RE, Houle TT, et al. Perceived triggers of primary headache disorders: a meta-analysis. Cephalalgia. 2018 May;38(6):1188–1198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silberstein SD. Practice parameter: evidence-based guidelines for migraine headache (an evidence-based review): report of the quality standards subcommittee of the American academy of neurology. Neurology. 2000 Sep 26;55(6):754–762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penzien DB, Irby MB, Smitherman TA, et al. Well-established and empirically supported behavioral treatments for migraine. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2015 Jul;19(7):34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson H, Klemchuk HP, Graham JR. The usefulness of the relaxation response in the therapy of headache. Headache. 1974 04. 14(1):49–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell JK, Penzien DB, Wall EM. Evidence-based guidelines for migraine headache: behavioral and physical treatments. US Headache Consortium. 2000. [cited 2019 Oct 16]. Available from: http://www.neurology.org/content/55/6/754.full.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Wells RE, Bertisch SM, Buettner C, et al. Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults with migraines/severe headaches. Headache. 2011 July- August;51(7):1087–1097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erwin Wells R, Phillips RS, McCarthy EP. Patterns of mind-body therapies in adults with common neurological conditions. Neuroepidemiology. 2010 [2010 Dec 22];36(1):46–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalla Libera D, Colombo B, Pavan G, et al. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in an Italian cohort of pediatric headache patients: the tip of the iceberg. Neurol Sci. 2014 [2014 May];35(Suppl 1):145–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng W, Lauche R, Frawley J, et al. Utilization of complementary and alternative medicine and conventional medicine for headache or migraine during pregnancy: A cross-sectional survey of 1,835 pregnant women. Complement Ther Med. 2018;41:192–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Dennis JA, Leach MJ, et al. Complementary and alternative medicine use among US adults with headache or migraine: results from the 2012 national health interview survey. Headache. 2017 [2017 Sep];57(8):1228–1242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells RE, Phillips RS, Schachter SC, et al. Complementary and alternative medicine use among US adults with common neurological conditions. J Neurol. 2010 [2010 Nov];257(11):1822–1831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morone NE, Moore CG, Greco CM. Characteristics of adults who used mindfulness meditation: United States, 2012. J Altern Complement Med. 2017 July;23(7):545–550.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabat-Zinn J. Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Random House; 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Kerr CE, Sacchet MD, Lazar SW, et al. Mindfulness starts with the body: somatosensory attention and top-down modulation of cortical alpha rhythms in mindfulness meditation. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013;7:12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullen M. Mindfulness-based interventions: an emerging phenomenon. Mindfulness. 2011;2(3):186–193.
   Google Scholar
• Bishop SR, Lau M, Shapiro S, et al. Mindfulness: a proposed operational definition. Clin Psychol Sci Prac. 2004;11:230–241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabat-Zinn J, Lipworth L, Burney R. The clinical use of mindfulness meditation for the self-regulation of chronic pain. J Behav Med. 1985 [1985 June];8(2):163–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabat-Zinn J. An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: theoretical considerations and preliminary results. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1982 [1982 Apr];4(1):33–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santorelli S, Meleo-Meyer F, Koerbel L, et al. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) authorized curriculum guide. Worcester (MA): University of Massachusetts Medical School Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Health Care, and Society; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Lutz A, Slagter HA, Dunne JD, et al. Attention regulation and monitoring in meditation. Trends Cogn Sci. 2008 Apr;12(4):163–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Britton WB, Davis JH, Loucks EB, et al. Dismantling mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: creation and validation of 8-week focused attention and open monitoring interventions within a 3-armed randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 2018;101:92–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng X, Chiu CP, Wang R, et al. The effect of loving-kindness meditation on positive emotions: a meta-analytic review. Front Psychol. 2015;6:1693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crane RS, Brewer J, Feldman C, et al. What defines mindfulness-based programs? The warp and the weft. Psychol Med. 2017 Apr;47(6):990–999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rusch HL, Rosario M, Levison LM, et al. The effect of mindfulness meditation on sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2019 Jun;1445(1):5–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilton LG, Marshall NJ, Motala A, et al. Mindfulness meditation for workplace wellness: an evidence map. Work (Reading, Mass). 2019;63(2):205–218.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farhang M, Miranda-Castillo C, Rubio M, et al. Impact of mind-body interventions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. Int Psychogeriatr. 2019 May;31(5):643–666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells RE, Yeh GY, Kerr CE, et al. Meditation’s impact on default mode network and hippocampus in mild cognitive impairment: a pilot study. Neurosci Lett. 2013 Nov;27(556):15–19.
   Google Scholar
• Wells RE, Kerr CE, Wolkin J, et al. Meditation for adults with mild cognitive impairment: a pilot randomized trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013 Apr;61(4):642–645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells RE, Kerr C, Dossett ML, et al. Can adults with mild cognitive impairment build cognitive reserve and learn mindfulness meditation? Qualitative theme analyses from a small pilot study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;70(3):825–842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg SB, Tucker RP, Greene PA, et al. Mindfulness-based interventions for psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2018;59:52–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goyal M, Singh S, Sibinga EM, et al. Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Mar;174(3):357–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell JD. Mindfulness Interventions. Annu Rev Psychol. 2017 [2017 Jan 3];68:491–516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gawande R, To MN, Pine E, et al. Mindfulness training enhances self-regulation and facilitates health behavior change for primary care patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2019 Feb;34(2):293–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapero BG, Greenberg J, Pedrelli P, et al. Mindfulness-based interventions in psychiatry. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ). 2018 Winter;16(1):32–39.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosenzweig S, Greeson JM, Reibel DK, et al. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for chronic pain conditions: variation in treatment outcomes and role of home meditation practice. J Psychosom Res. 2010 [2010 Jan];68(1):29–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilton L, Hempel S, Ewing BA, et al. Mindfulness meditation for chronic pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Behav Med. 2017 [2017 Apr];51(2):199–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngamkham S, Holden JE, Smith EL, et al. Mindfulness intervention for cancer-related pain. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs. 2019 Apr–June;6(2):161–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball EF, Nur Shafina Muhammad Sharizan E, Franklin G, et al. Does mindfulness meditation improve chronic pain? A systematic review. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Dec;29(6):359–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal ZV, Williams JM, Teasdale JD. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression. New York: Guilford Press; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Coelho HF, Canter PH, Ernst E. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: evaluating current evidence and informing future research. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2007 Dec;75(6):1000–1005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Velden AM, Kuyken W, Wattar U, et al. A systematic review of mechanisms of change in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in the treatment of recurrent major depressive disorder. Clin Psychol Rev. 2015;37:26–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piet J, Hougaard E. The effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for prevention of relapse in recurrent major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011 Aug;31(6):1032–1040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fjorback LO, Arendt M, Ornbol E, et al. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2011 Aug;124(2):102–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crane RS. Implementing mindfulness in the mainstream: making the path by walking IT. Mindfulness. 2017;8(3):585–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yates SL, Morley S, Eccleston C, et al. A scale for rating the quality of psychological trials for pain. Pain. 2005 Oct;117(3):314–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cathcart S, Galatis N, Immink M, et al. Brief mindfulness-based therapy for chronic tension-type headache: a randomized controlled pilot study. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2014 [2014 Jan];42(1):1–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omidi A, Zargar F. Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on perceived stress and psychological health in patients with tension headache. J Res Med Sci. 2015 [2015 Nov];20(11):1058–1063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omidi A, Zargar F. Effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction on pain severity and mindful awareness in patients with tension headache: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2014 [2014 Sep];3(3):e21136.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kiran N, Girgla KK, Chalana H, et al. Effect of rajyoga meditation on chronic tension headache. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 [2014 Apr- undefined 6];58(2):157–161.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smitherman TA, Wells RE, Ford SG. Emerging behavioral treatments for migraine. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2015 [2015 Apr];19(4):13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells RE, Beuthin J, Granetzke L. Complementary and integrative medicine for episodic migraine: an update of evidence from the last 3 years. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2019 Feb 21;23(2):10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells RE, Baute V, Wahbeh H. Complementary and integrative medicine for neurologic conditions. Med Clin North Am. 2017 [2017 Sep];101(5):881–893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millstine D, Chen CY, Bauer B. Complementary and integrative medicine in the management of headache. BMJ. 2017 [2017 May 16];357:j1805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahbeh H, Elsas S-M, Oken BS. Mind–body interventions Applications in neurology. Neurology. 2008 [2008 June 10];70(24):2321–2328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wachholtz AB, Pargament KI. Migraines and meditation: does spirituality matter? J Behav Med. 2008 [2008 Aug 01];31(4):351–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wachholtz AB, Pargament KI. Is spirituality a critical ingredient of meditation? Comparing the effects of spiritual meditation, secular meditation, and relaxation on spiritual, psychological, cardiac, and pain outcomes. J Behav Med. 2005 [2005 Aug];28(4):369–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wachholtz AB, Malone CD, Pargament KI. Effect of different meditation types on migraine headache medication use. Behav Med. 2017 [2017 Jan- undefined 3];43(1):1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wachholtz A, Vohra R, Metzger A. A reanalysis of a randomized trial on meditation for migraine headaches: distraction is not enough but meditation takes time. Complement Ther Med. 2019 Oct;46:136–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tonelli ME, Wachholtz AB. Meditation-based treatment yielding immediate relief for meditation-naïve migraineurs. Pain Manag Nurs. 2014 [2014 Mar];15(1):36–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu Q, Hou J-C, Fang X-M. Mindfulness meditation for primary headache pain: a meta-analysis. Chin Med J. 2018 [2018 Apr 05];131(7):829–838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anheyer D, Leach MJ, Klose P, et al. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for treating chronic headache: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cephalalgia. 2019 Apr;39(4):544–555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seng EK, Singer AB, Metts C, et al. Does mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for migraine reduce migraine-related disability in people with episodic and chronic migraine? A phase 2b pilot randomized clinical trial. Headache. 2019 Oct;59(9):1448–1467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grazzi L, Sansone E, Raggi A, et al. Mindfulness and pharmacological prophylaxis after withdrawal from medication overuse in patients with chronic migraine: an effectiveness trial with a one-year follow-up. J Headache Pain. 2017 Dec;18(1):15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrasik F, Grazzi L, D’Amico D, et al. Mindfulness and headache: a “new” old treatment, with new findings. Cephalalgia. 2016 Oct;36(12):1192–1205.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Simshauser K, Luking M, Kaube H, et al. Is mindfulness-based stress reduction a promising and feasible intervention for patients suffering from migraine? A randomized controlled pilot trial. Complement Med Res. 2019;7:1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Wells RE, Burch R, Paulsen RH, et al. Meditation for migraines: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Headache. 2014 [2014 Oct 01];54(9):1484–1495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E.K S, Singer A, MEtts C, et al. Response to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for migraine in chronic and episodic migraine: planned secondary analyses of a randomized clinical trial. Headache. 2019;59:206–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day MA, Thorn BE, Ward LC, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for the treatment of headache pain: a pilot study. Clin J Pain. 2014 Feb;30(2):152–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavallaei V, Rezapour-Mirsaleh Y, Rezaiemaram P, et al. Mindfulness for female outpatients with chronic primary headaches: an internet-based bibliotherapy. Eur J Transl Myol. 2018 [2018 Apr 24];28(2):7380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakhshani NM, Amirani A, Amirifard H, et al. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on perceived pain intensity and quality of life in patients with chronic headache. Glob J Health Sci. 2015 [2015 Aug 6];8(4):142–151.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hesse T, Holmes LG, Kennedy-Overfelt V, et al. Mindfulness-based intervention for adolescents with recurrent headaches: a pilot feasibility study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015 [2015 Dec 22];2015:e508958.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holzel BK, Lazar SW, Gard T, et al. How does mindfulness meditation work? Proposing mechanisms of action from a conceptual and neural perspective. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2011 Nov;6(6):537–559.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ludwig DS, Kabat-Zinn J. Mindfulness in medicine. Jama. 2008 Sep 17;300(11):1350–1352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehling WE, Wrubel J, Daubenmier JJ, et al. Body Awareness: a phenomenological inquiry into the common ground of mind-body therapies. Philos Ethics Humanit Med. 2011 Apr;7(6):6.
   Google Scholar
• Farb N, Daubenmier J, Price CJ, et al. Interoception, contemplative practice, and health. Front Psychol. 2015;6:763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalsa SS, Adolphs R, Cameron OG, et al. Interoception and mental health: a roadmap. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2018 Jun;3(6):501–513.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sinclair AJ, Sturrock A, Davies B, et al. Headache management: pharmacological approaches. Pract Neurol. 2015 Dec;15(6):411–423.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tang -Y-Y, Hölzel BK, Posner MI. The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2015 [2015 Apr];16(4):213–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeidan F, Martucci KT, Kraft RA, et al. Brain mechanisms supporting the modulation of pain by mindfulness meditation. J Neurosci. 2011 [2011 Apr 6];31(14):5540–5548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Necka EA, Lee IS, Kucyi A, et al. Applications of dynamic functional connectivity to pain and its modulation. Pain Rep. 2019 July–Aug;4(4):e752.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van der Miesen MM, Lindquist MA, Wager TD. Neuroimaging-based biomarkers for pain: state of the field and current directions. Pain Rep. 2019 July–Aug;4(4):e751.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zeidan F, Baumgartner JN, Coghill RC. The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer. Pain Rep. 2019 July–Aug;4(4):e759.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zeidan F, Adler-Neal AL, Wells RE, et al. Mindfulness-meditation-based pain relief is not mediated by endogenous opioids. J Neurosci. 2016 [2016 Mar 16];36(11):3391–3397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeidan F, Emerson NM, Farris SR, et al. Mindfulness meditation-based pain relief employs different neural mechanisms than placebo and sham mindfulness meditation-induced analgesia. J Neurosci. 2015 [2015 Nov 18];35(46):15307–15325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grazzi L, D’Amico D, Raggi A, et al. Mindfulness and pharmacological prophylaxis have comparable effect on biomarkers of inflammation and clinical indexes in chronic migraine with medication overuse: results at 12 months after withdrawal. Neurol Sci. 2017 [2017 May];38(Suppl 1):173–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grazzi L, Raggi A, D’Amico D, et al. A prospective pilot study of the effect on catecholamines of mindfulness training vs pharmacological prophylaxis in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache. Cephalalgia. 2019 Apr;39(5):655–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garland EL, Brintz CE, Hanley AW, et al. Mind-body therapies for opioid-treated pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(1):91–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azam MA, Katz J, Mohabir V, et al. Individuals with tension and migraine headaches exhibit increased heart rate variability during post-stress mindfulness meditation practice but a decrease during a post-stress control condition - a randomized, controlled experiment. Int J Psychophysiol. 2016 [2016 Dec];110:66–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler-Neal AL, Waugh CE, Garland EL, et al. The role of heart rate variability in mindfulness-based pain relief. J Pain. 2019 Aug 1. pii: S1526-5900(19)30773-4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miglis MG. Migraine and autonomic dysfunction: which is the horse and which is the jockey? Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2018 Feb 23;22(3):19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazerani P, Cairns BE. Dysautonomia in the pathogenesis of migraine. Expert Rev Neurother. 2018 Feb;18(2):153–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day MA, Jensen MP, Ehde DM, et al. Toward a theoretical model for mindfulness-based pain management. J Pain. 2014 [2014 July];15(7):691–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlaeyen JW, Linton SJ. Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art. Pain. 2000 Apr;85(3):317–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komandur B, Martin PR, Bandarian-Balooch S. Mindfulness and chronic headache/migraine: mechanisms explored through the fear-avoidance model of chronic pain. Clin J Pain. 2018 [2018 July];34(7):638–649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morone NE. Not just mind over matter: reviewing with patients how mindfulness relieves chronic low back pain. J Evid Based Integr Med. 2019 Jan–Dec;24:2515690x19838490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blendon RJ, Benson JM. The public and the opioid-abuse epidemic. N Engl J Med. 2018 Feb 1;378(5):407–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powers SW, Kashikar-Zuck SM, Allen JR, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy plus amitriptyline for chronic migraine in children and adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013 Dec 25;310(24):2622–2630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holroyd KA, Cottrell CK, O’Donnell FJ, et al. Effect of preventive (beta blocker) treatment, behavioural migraine management, or their combination on outcomes of optimised acute treatment in frequent migraine: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2010 Sep;29(341):c4871.
   Google Scholar
• Tfelt-Hansen P, Pascual J, Ramadan N, et al. Guidelines for controlled trials of drugs in migraine: third edition. A guide for investigators. Cephalalgia. 2012 Jan;32(1):6–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penzien DB, Andrasik F, Freidenberg BM, et al. Guidelines for trials of behavioral treatments for recurrent headache, first edition: American headache society behavioral clinical trials workgroup. Headache. 2005 May;45(Suppl 2):S110–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee HJ, Lee JH, Cho EY, et al. Efficacy of psychological treatment for headache disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Headache Pain. 2019 Feb 14;20(1):17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matsuzawa Y, Lee YSC, Fraser F, et al. Barriers to behavioral treatment adherence for headache: an examination of attitudes, beliefs, and psychiatric factors. Headache. 2019 Jan;59(1):19–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells RE, Smitherman TA, Seng EK, et al. Behavioral and mind/body interventions in headache: unanswered questions and future research directions. Headache. 2014 [2014 June];54(6):1107–1113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng X, Chio FH, Oei TP, et al. A systematic review of associations between amount of meditation practice and outcomes in interventions using the four immeasurables meditations. Front Psychol. 2017;8:141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad K, Wahner-Roedler DL, Cha SS, et al. Effect of a single-session meditation training to reduce stress and improve quality of life among health care professionals: a “dose-ranging” feasibility study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2011 May–June;17(3):46–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons CE, Crane C, Parsons LJ, et al. Home practice in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of participants’ mindfulness practice and its association with outcomes. Behav Res Ther. 2017;95:29–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mani M, Kavanagh DJ, Hides L, et al. Review and evaluation of mindfulness-based iPhone apps. JMIR mHealth uHealth. 2015 Aug 19;3(3):e82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minen MT, Azarchi S, Sobolev R, et al. Factors related to migraine patients’ decisions to initiate behavioral migraine treatment following a headache specialist’s recommendation: a prospective observational study. Pain Med. 2018 Nov 1;19(11):2274–2282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard EB, Andrasik F, Appelbaum KA, et al. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of minimal-therapist-contact, non-drug treatments of chronic migraine and tension headache. Headache. 1985 Jun;25(4):214–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santorelli SF. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR): standards of practice. Worcester (MA): University of Massachusetts Medical School Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Health Care, and Society; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Pressman A, Law H, Stahl R, et al. Conducting a pilot randomized controlled trial of community-based mindfulness-based stress reduction versus usual care for moderate-to-severe migraine: protocol for the Mindfulness and Migraine study (M&M). Trials. 2019 May 6;20(1):257.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sansone E, Raggi A, Grignani E, et al. Mindfulness meditation for chronic migraine in pediatric population: a pilot study. Neurol Sci. 2018 [2018 June];39(Suppl 1):111–113.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Dam NT, van Vugt MK, Vago DR, et al. Mind the hype: a critical evaluation and prescriptive agenda for research on mindfulness and meditation. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2018 Jan;13(1):36–61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lauricella S. The ancient-turned-new concept of “Spiritual Hygiene”: an investigation of media coverage of meditation from 1979 to 2014. J Relig Health. 2016 Oct;55(5):1748–1762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dam NT, van Vugt MK, Vago DR, et al. Reiterated concerns and further challenges for mindfulness and meditation research: a reply to Davidson and Dahl. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2018 Jan;13(1):66–69.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davidson RJ, Dahl CJ. Outstanding challenges in scientific research on mindfulness and meditation. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2018 Jan;13(1):62–65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lindahl JR, Fisher NE, Cooper DJ, et al. The varieties of contemplative experience: a mixed-methods study of meditation-related challenges in western buddhists. PloS One. 2017;12(5):e0176239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baer R, Crane C, Miller E, et al. Doing no harm in mindfulness-based programs: conceptual issues and empirical findings. Clin Psychol Rev. 2019;71:101–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar