3
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Current use of neurotoxins for alleviating symptoms of cervical dystonia

& ORCID Icon
Received 27 Feb 2024, Accepted 12 Jun 2024, Published online: 19 Jun 2024

References

  • Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB, et al. Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update. Mov Disord. 2013;28(7):863–873. doi: 10.1002/mds.25475
  • Medina A, Nilles C, Martino D, et al. The prevalence of idiopathic or inherited isolated dystonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2022;9(7):860–868. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.13524
  • Albanese A, Bhatia KP, Cardoso F, et al. Isolated cervical dystonia: diagnosis and classification. Mov Disord. 2023;38(8):1367–1378. doi: 10.1002/mds.29387
  • Norris SA, Jinnah HA, Espay AJ, et al. Clinical and demographic characteristics related to onset site and spread of cervical dystonia. Mov Disord. 2016;31(12):1874–1882. doi: 10.1002/mds.26817
  • Shaikh AG, Beylergil SB, Scorr L, et al. Dystonia and tremor: a cross-sectional study of the dystonia coalition cohort. Neurology. 2021;96(4):e563–e574. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011049
  • LaHue SC, Albers K, Goldman S, et al. Cervical dystonia incidence and diagnostic delay in a multiethnic population. Mov Disord. 2020;35(3):450–456. doi: 10.1002/mds.27927
  • Balint B, Mencacci NE, Valente EM, et al. Dystonia (Primer). Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4(1):s41572–018. doi: 10.1038/s41572-018-0023-6
  • Kassaye SG, De Hertogh W, Crosiers D, et al. The effectiveness of physiotherapy for patients with isolated cervical dystonia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Neurol. 2024;24(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s12883-023-03473-3
  • Brans JW, Lindeboom R, Snoek JW, et al. Botulinum toxin versus trihexyphenidyl in cervical dystonia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Neurology. 1996;46(4):1066–1072. doi: 10.1212/WNL.46.4.1066
  • Simpson DM, Hallett M, Ashman EJ, et al. Practice guideline update summary: botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, adult spasticity, and headache: report of the guideline development subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2016;86(19):1818–1826. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002560
  • Kilic-Berkmen G, Pirio Richardson S, Perlmutter JS, et al. Current guidelines for classifying and diagnosing cervical dystonia: empirical evidence and recommendations. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2022;9(2):183–190. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.13376
  • Jankovic J, Leder S, Warner D, et al. Cervical dystonia: clinical findings and associated movement disorders. Neurology. 1991;41(7):1088–1088. doi: 10.1212/WNL.41.7.1088
  • Finsterer J, Maeztu C, Revuelta GJ, et al. Collum-caput (COL-CAP) concept for conceptual anterocollis, anterocaput, and forward sagittal shift. J Neurol Sci. 2015;355(1–2):37–43. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.06.015
  • Reichel G. Cervical dystonia: a new phenomenological classification for botulinum toxin therapy. Basal Ganglia. 2011;1(1):5–12. doi: 10.1016/j.baga.2011.01.001
  • Jost WH, Tatu L, Pandey S, et al. Frequency of different subtypes of cervical dystonia: a prospective multicenter study according to Col–Cap concept. J Neural Transm. 2020;127(1):45–50. doi: 10.1007/s00702-019-02116-7
  • Castagna A, Albanese A. Management of cervical dystonia with botulinum neurotoxins and EMG/ultrasound guidance. Neurol Clin Pract. 2019;9(1):64–73. doi: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000568
  • Dressler D. Electromyographic evaluation of cervical dystonia for planning of botulinum toxin therapy. Eur J Neurol. 2000;7(6):713–718. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2000.00161.x
  • Stamelou M, Edwards MJ, Hallett M, et al. The non-motor syndrome of primary dystonia: clinical and pathophysiological implications. Brain. 2012;135(6):1668–1681. doi: 10.1093/brain/awr224
  • Charles PD, Adler CH, Stacy M, et al. Cervical dystonia and pain: characteristics and treatment patterns from CD PROBE (cervical dystonia patient registry for observation of OnabotulinumtoxinA efficacy). J Neurol. 2014;261(7):1309–1319. doi: 10.1007/s00415-014-7343-6
  • Maione R, Formica C, Quartarone A, et al. The impact of non-motor symptoms on quality of life in cervical dystonia. J Clin Med Res. 2023;12(14):12. doi: 10.3390/jcm12144663
  • Camfield L, Ben-Shlomo Y, Warner TT, et al. Impact of cervical dystonia on quality of life. Mov Disord. 2002;17(4):838–841. doi: 10.1002/mds.10127
  • Novaretti N, Cunha ALN, Bezerra TC, et al. The prevalence and correlation of non-motor symptoms in adult patients with idiopathic focal or segmental dystonia. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov. 2019;9:596. doi: 10.5334/tohm.466
  • Yang J, Shao N, Song W, et al. Nonmotor symptoms in primary adult-onset cervical dystonia and blepharospasm. Brain Behav. 2017;7(2):e00592. doi: 10.1002/brb3.592
  • Rosales RL, Cuffe L, Regnault B, et al. Pain in cervical dystonia: mechanisms, assessment and treatment. Expert Rev Neurother. 2021;21(10):1125–1134. doi: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1984230
  • Car H, Bogucki A, Bonikowski M, et al. Botulinum toxin type-A preparations are not the same medications - basic science (Part 1). Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2021;55:133–140. doi: 10.5603/PJNNS.a2021.0027
  • Comella CL, Jankovic J, Shannon KM, et al. Comparison of botulinum toxin serotypes a and B for the treatment of cervical dystonia. Neurology. 2005;65(9):1423–1429. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000183055.81056.5c
  • Marchetti A, Magar R, Findley L, et al. Retrospective evaluation of the dose of Dysport and BOTOX in the management of cervical dystonia and blepharospasm: the REAL DOSE study. Mov Disord. 2005;20(8):937–944. doi: 10.1002/mds.20468
  • Yun JY, Kim JW, Kim H-T, et al. Dysport and Botox at a ratio of 2.5: 1 units in cervical dystonia: a double-blind, randomized study. Mov Disord. 2015;30(2):206–213. doi: 10.1002/mds.26085
  • Scaglione F. Conversion ratio between Botox®, Dysport®, and Xeomin® in clinical practice. Toxins (Basel). 2016;8(3):65. doi: 10.3390/toxins8030065
  • Ranoux D, Gury C, Fondarai J, et al. Respective potencies of Botox and Dysport: a double blind, randomised, crossover study in cervical dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002;72(4):459–462. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.72.4.459
  • Odergren T, Hjaltason H, Kaakkola S, et al. A double blind, randomised, parallel group study to investigate the dose equivalence of Dysport and Botox in the treatment of cervical dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;64(1):6–12. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.64.1.6
  • Frevert J, Dressler D. Complexing proteins in botulinum toxin type a drugs: a help or a hindrance? Biologics. 2010;4:325–332. doi: 10.2147/BTT.S14902
  • Comella CL, Jankovic J, Hauser RA, et al. Efficacy and safety of daxibotulinumtoxina for injection in cervical dystonia: ASPEN-1 phase 3 randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2024;102(4):e208091. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000208091
  • WorldMeds US. MYOBLOC® (rimabZdular use. U.S Food and Drug Administration [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 9]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/103846s5120lbl.pdf
  • Rodrigues FB, Duarte GS, Marques RE, et al. Botulinum toxin type a therapy for cervical dystonia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;11:CD003633. 11). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003633.pub4
  • Espay AJ, Trosch R, Suarez G, et al. Minimal clinically important change in the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis rating scale. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2018;52:94–97. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.03.002
  • Marques RE, Duarte GS, Rodrigues FB, et al. Botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2016:. 5):CD004315. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004315.pub3
  • Duarte GS, Castelão M, Rodrigues FB, et al. Botulinum toxin type a versus botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;10(10):CD004314. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004314.pub3
  • Han Y, Stevens AL, Dashtipour K, et al. A mixed treatment comparison to compare the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin treatments for cervical dystonia. J Neurol. 2016;263(4):772–780. doi: 10.1007/s00415-016-8050-2
  • Costanzo M, Belvisi D, Berardelli I, et al. Effect of botulinum toxin on non-motor symptoms in cervical dystonia. Toxins (Basel). 2021;13(9):647. doi: 10.3390/toxins13090647
  • Marsh WA, Monroe DM, Brin MF, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the duration of clinical effect of onabotulinumtoxinA in cervical dystonia. BMC Neurol. 2014;14(1):91. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-14-91
  • Poewe W, Burbaud P, Castelnovo G, et al. Efficacy and safety of abobotulinumtoxinA liquid formulation in cervical dystonia: a randomized-controlled trial. Mov Disord. 2016;31(11):1649–1657. doi: 10.1002/mds.26760
  • Evidente VGH, Fernandez HH, LeDoux MS, et al. A randomized, double-blind study of repeated incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin®) in cervical dystonia. J Neural Transm. 2013;120(12):1699–1707. doi: 10.1007/s00702-013-1048-3
  • Lew MF, Brashear A, Factor S. The safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type B in the treatment of patients with cervical dystonia: summary of three controlled clinical trials. Neurology. 2000;55:S29–35.
  • Pappert EJ, Germanson T. Myobloc/Neurobloc European Cervical Dystonia Study Group. Botulinum toxin type B vs. type a in toxin-naïve patients with cervical dystonia: randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial. Mov Disord. 2008;23(4):510–517. doi: 10.1002/mds.21724
  • Comella C, Ferreira JJ, Pain E, et al. Patient perspectives on the therapeutic profile of botulinum neurotoxin type a in cervical dystonia. J Neurol. 2021;268(3):903–912. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10217-7
  • Allergan, Inc. BOTOX (onabotulinumtoxinA), highlights of prescribing information. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/103000s5236lbl.pdf
  • Ipsen Biopharm Ltd. DYSPORT® (abobotulinumtoxinA) for injection, for intramuscular use. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/125274s107lbl.pdf
  • Jost WH, Tatu L. selection of muscles for botulinum toxin injections in cervical dystonia. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2015;2(3):224–226. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.12172
  • Speelman JD, Brans JW. Cervical dystonia and botulinum treatment: is electromyographic guidance necessary? Mov Disord. 1995;10(6):802. doi: 10.1002/mds.870100619
  • Comella CL, Buchman AS, Tanner CM, et al. Botulinum toxin injection for spasmodic torticollis: increased magnitude of benefit with electromyographic assistance. Neurology. 1992;42(4):878–878. doi: 10.1212/WNL.42.4.878
  • Wu C, Xue F, Chang W, et al. Botulinum toxin type a with or without needle electromyographic guidance in patients with cervical dystonia. Springerplus. 2016;5(1):1292. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-2967-x
  • Delnooz CCS, Veugen LC, Pasman JW, et al. The clinical utility of botulinum toxin injections targeted at the motor endplate zone in cervical dystonia. Eur J Neurol. 2014;21(12):1486–e98. doi: 10.1111/ene.12517
  • Werdelin L, Dalager T, Fuglsang-Frederiksen A, et al. The utility of EMG interference pattern analysis in botulinum toxin treatment of torticollis: a randomised, controlled and blinded study. Clin Neurophysiol. 2011;122(11):2305–2309. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.04.012
  • Nijmeijer SWR, Koelman JHTM, Standaar TSM, et al. Cervical dystonia: improved treatment response to botulinum toxin after referral to a tertiary centre and the use of polymyography. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2013;19(5):533–538. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.01.018
  • Ko YD, Yun SI, Ryoo D, et al. Accuracy of ultrasound-guided and non-guided botulinum toxin injection into neck muscles involved in cervical dystonia: a cadaveric study. Ann Rehabil Med. 2020;44(5):370–377. doi: 10.5535/arm.19211
  • Kreisler A, Simonin C, Degardin A, et al. Anatomy-guided injections of botulinum neurotoxin in neck muscles: how accurate is needle placement? Eur J Neurol. 2020;27(11):2142–2146. doi: 10.1111/ene.14415
  • Tyślerowicz M, Dulski J, Gawryluk J, et al. Does ultrasound guidance improve the effectiveness of neurotoxin injections in patients with cervical dystonia? (a prospective, partially-blinded, clinical study). Toxins (Basel). 2022;14(10):674. doi: 10.3390/toxins14100674
  • Kreisler A, Djelad S, Simonin C, et al. Does ultrasound-guidance improve the outcome of botulinum toxin injections in cervical dystonia? Rev Neurol. 2022;178(6):591–602. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2021.11.005
  • Schramm A, Huber D, Möbius C, et al. Involvement of obliquus capitis inferior muscle in dystonic head tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2017;44:119–123. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.07.034
  • Allison SK, Odderson IR. Ultrasound and electromyography guidance for injection of the longus colli with Botulinum toxin for the treatment of cervical dystonia. Ultrasound Q. 2016;32(3):302–306. doi: 10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000226
  • Farrell M, Karp BI, Kassavetis P, et al. Management of anterocapitis and anterocollis: a novel ultrasound guided approach combined with electromyography for botulinum toxin injection of longus colli and longus capitis. Toxins (Basel). 2020;12(10):626. doi: 10.3390/toxins12100626
  • Seliverstov Y, Arestov S, Klyushnikov S, et al. A methodological approach for botulinum neurotoxin injections to the longus colli muscle in dystonic anterocollis: a case series of 4 patients and a literature review. J Clin Neurosci. 2020;80:188–194. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.08.025
  • Samotus O, Lee J, Jog M. Personalized botulinum toxin type a therapy for cervical dystonia based on kinematic guidance. J Neurol. 2018;265(6):1269–1278. doi: 10.1007/s00415-018-8819-6
  • Sung DH, Choi JY, Kim D-H, et al. Localization of dystonic muscles with 18F-FDG PET/CT in idiopathic cervical dystonia. J Nucl Med. 2007;48(11):1790–1795. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.107.044024
  • Kwon HR, Lee H, Sung DH, et al. Therapeutic efficacy and prediction of 18F-FDG PET/CT-Assisted botulinum toxin therapy in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia. Clin Nucl Med. 2022;47(12):e725–e730. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000004383
  • Glass GA, Ku S, Ostrem JL, et al. Fluoroscopic, EMG-guided injection of botulinum toxin into the longus colli for the treatment of anterocollis. Parkinsonism Related Dis. 2009;15(8):610–613. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.01.006
  • Herting B, Wunderlich S, Glöckler T, et al. Computed tomographically-controlled injection of botulinum toxin into the longus colli muscle in severe anterocollis. Mov Disord. 2004;19(5):588–590. doi: 10.1002/mds.10704
  • Brin MF, Comella CL, Jankovic J, et al. Long-term treatment with botulinum toxin type a in cervical dystonia has low immunogenicity by mouse protection assay. Mov Disord. 2008;23(10):1353–1360. doi: 10.1002/mds.22157
  • Albrecht P, Jansen A, Lee J-I, et al. High prevalence of neutralizing antibodies after long-term botulinum neurotoxin therapy. Neurology. 2019;92(1):e48–e54. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000006688
  • Fabbri M, Leodori G, Fernandes RM, et al. Neutralizing antibody and botulinum toxin therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurotox Res. 2016;29(1):105–117. doi: 10.1007/s12640-015-9565-5
  • Lacroix-Desmazes S, Mouly S, Popoff M-R, et al. Systematic analysis of botulinum neurotoxin type a immunogenicity in clinical studies. Basal Ganglia. 2017;9:12–17. doi: 10.1016/j.baga.2017.06.001
  • Lange O, Bigalke H, Dengler R, et al. Neutralizing antibodies and secondary therapy failure after treatment with botulinum toxin type A: much ado about nothing? Clin Neuropharmacol. 2009;32(4):213–218. doi: 10.1097/WNF.0b013e3181914d0a
  • Bellows S, Jankovic J. Immunogenicity associated with botulinum toxin treatment. Toxins (Basel). 2019;11(9):491. doi: 10.3390/toxins11090491
  • Cordivari C, Misra VP, Vincent A, et al. Secondary nonresponsiveness to botulinum toxin a in cervical dystonia: the role of electromyogram-guided injections, botulinum toxin a antibody assay, and the extensor digitorum brevis test. Mov Disord. 2006;21(10):1737–1741. doi: 10.1002/mds.21051
  • Charles D, Brashear A, Hauser RA, et al. Efficacy, tolerability, and immunogenicity of onabotulinumtoxinA in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial for cervical dystonia. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2012;35(5):208–214. doi: 10.1097/WNF.0b013e31826538c7
  • Gallagher CJ, Bowsher RR, Clancy A, et al. Clinical Immunogenicity of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for injection in glabellar lines: pooled data from the sakura phase 3 trials. Toxins (Basel). 2023;15(1):60. doi: 10.3390/toxins15010060
  • Hefter H, Schomaecker I, Schomaecker M, et al. The use of high initial doses of botulinum toxin therapy for cervical dystonia is a risk factor for neutralizing antibody formation—a monocentric cross-sectional pilot study. Medicina (B Aires). 2022;58(1):88. doi: 10.3390/medicina58010088
  • Dressler D, Rothwell JC, Bhatia K, et al. Botulinum toxin antibody titres: measurement, interpretation, and practical recommendations. J Neurol. 2023;270(3):1524–1530. doi: 10.1007/s00415-022-11424-0
  • Jankovic J, Carruthers J, Naumann M, et al. Neutralizing antibody formation with onabotulinumtoxinA (botox®) treatment from global registration studies across multiple indications: a meta-analysis. Toxins (Basel). 2023;15(5):342. doi: 10.3390/toxins15050342
  • Jinnah HA, Goodmann E, Rosen AR, et al. Botulinum toxin treatment failures in cervical dystonia: causes, management, and outcomes. J Neurol. 2016;263(6):1188–1194. doi: 10.1007/s00415-016-8136-x
  • Jinnah HA, Comella CL, Perlmutter J, et al. Dystonia coalition investigators. Longitudinal studies of botulinum toxin in cervical dystonia: why do patients discontinue therapy? Toxicon. 2018;147:89–95. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.09.004
  • Marion M-H, Humberstone M, Grunewald R, et al. British neurotoxin network recommendations for managing cervical dystonia in patients with a poor response to botulinum toxin. Pract Neurol. 2016;16(4):288–295. doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2015-001335
  • Volkmann J, Mueller J, Deuschl G, et al. Pallidal neurostimulation in patients with medication-refractory cervical dystonia: a randomised, sham-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(9):875–884. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70143-7
  • Blahak C, Wolf ME, Saryyeva A, et al. Improvement of head and neck range of motion induced by chronic pallidal deep brain stimulation for cervical dystonia. J Neural Transm. 2021;128(8):1205–1213. doi: 10.1007/s00702-021-02365-5
  • Miura I, Horisawa S, Kawamata T, et al. Myotomy and selective peripheral denervation based on 18f-fdg pet/ct in intractable cervical dystonia: a case report. NMC Case Rep J. 2023;10:99–102. doi: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2022-0392
  • Bauman MMJ, Lakomkin N, Spinner RJ. Selective denervation for cervical dystonia. Neurosurg Focus Video. 2023;8:V3. doi: 10.3171/2022.9.FOCVID2291
  • Saryyeva A, Capelle HH, Kinfe TM, et al. Pallidal deep brain stimulation in patients with prior bilateral pallidotomy and selective peripheral denervation for treatment of dystonia. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2021;99(1):1–5. doi: 10.1159/000509822
  • Lai Y, Huang P, Zhang C, et al. Unilateral pallidotomy as a potential rescue therapy for cervical dystonia after unsatisfactory selective peripheral denervation. J Neurosurg Spine. 2020;33(5):658–666. doi: 10.3171/2020.4.SPINE191523
  • Jang SJ, Choi JY, Sung DH, et al. Comparison between (18)F-FDG PET/CT and Emg mapping for identifying dystonic superficial muscles in primary cervical dystonia: preliminary results. Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;44(1):33–38. doi: 10.1007/s13139-009-0004-5
  • Miura I, Horisawa S, Kawamata T, et al. Postoperative 18F-FDG-PET/CT documents efficacy of selective peripheral denervation for treating cervical dystonia. Surg Neurol Int. 2022;13:301. doi: 10.25259/SNI_566_2022
  • Chen S, Issa MD, Wang C, et al. [99mTc]MIBI SPECT/CT for identifying dystonic muscles in patients with primary cervical dystonia. Mol Imaging Biol. 2020;22(4):1054–1061. doi: 10.1007/s11307-019-01436-0
  • Su J, Hu Y, Djibo IM, et al. Pivotal role of obliquus capitis inferior in torticaput revealed by single-photon emission computed tomography. J Neural Transm. 2022;129(3):311–317. doi: 10.1007/s00702-022-02469-6
  • Teng F, Malam Djibo I, Chen S, et al. Efficacy of single-photon emission computed tomography aided botulinum toxin injection in cervical dystonia: a double-blind, randomized study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021;91:77–82. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.09.002
  • Horisawa S. Focused ultrasound pallidothalamic tractotomy for cervical dystonia. NIPH Clinical Trials Search [Internet]. 2021 Dec 22 [cited 2024 Feb 25]. Available from: https://rctportal.niph.go.jp/en/detail?trial_id=jRCTs032210506&utm_medium=email&utm_source=transaction
  • Horisawa S, Kohara K, Nonaka T, et al. Unilateral pallidothalamic tractotomy at Forel’s field H1 for cervical dystonia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2022;9(4):478–487. doi: 10.1002/acn3.51532

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.