1,066
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Blockchain-driven digital nomadism in the Basque e-Diaspora

ORCID Icon
Pages 777-802 | Received 17 Sep 2022, Accepted 11 Oct 2023, Published online: 23 Oct 2023

References

  • Agnew, J. (1994). The territorial trap: The geographical assumptions of international relations theory. Review of International Political Economy, 1(1), 53–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692299408434268
  • Al-Saqaf, W., & Seidler, N. (2017). Blockchain technology for social impact: Opportunities and challenges ahead. Journal of Cyber Policy, 2(3), 338–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2017.1400084
  • Amoore, L. (2021). The deep border. Political Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2021.102547
  • Amoore, L. (2022). Machine learning political orders. Review of International Studies, 49, 20–36. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210522000031
  • Andrade, C. (2020). The limitations of online surveys. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 42(6), 575–576. https://doi.org/10.1177/0253717620957496
  • Anshell, C., & Gash, A. (2008). Collaborative governance in theory and practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(4), 543–571. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum032
  • Arendt, H. (1958). The human condition. University of Chicago Press.
  • Atzori, M. (2017). Blockchain technology and decentralized governance: Is the state still necessary? Journal of Governance and Regulation, 6(1), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v6_i1_p5
  • Ball, H. L. (2019). Conducting online surveys. Journal of Human Lactation, 35(3), 413–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334419848734
  • Barlow, J. P. (1996). A declaration of the independence of cyberspace. https://vimeo.com/111576518?ref=tw-v-share
  • Barrinha, A., & Renard, T. (2017). Cyber-diplomacy: The making of an international society in the digital age. Global Affairs, 3(4-5), 353–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2017.1414924
  • Bauböck, R. (2018). Debating transformations of national citizenship. Springer International Publishing.
  • Bauwens, M., Kostakis, V., & Pazaitis, A. (2019). Peer to peer: The commons manifesto. University of Westminster Press.
  • Bennett, H., & Brunner, R. (2020). Nurturing the buffer zone: Conducting collaborative action research in contemporary contexts. Qualitative Research, 22(1), 74–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794120965373
  • Bignami, F., Calzada, I., Hanakata, N., & Tomasello, F. (2022). Data-driven citizenship regimes in contemporary urban scenarios: An introduction. Citizenship Studies, 27(2), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2022.2147262
  • Bradbury, H. (2015). The SAGE handbook of action research. SAGE.
  • Bravo, V., & De Moya, M. (2018). Mexico’s public diplomacy efforts to engage its diaspora across the border: Case study of the programs, messages, and strategies employed by the Mexican Embassy in the United States. Public Diplomacy of Rising and Regional Powers, 3(3), 173–193.
  • Brenda, S. A. Y., & Collins, F. L. (2022). Handbook on transnationalism. Edward Elgar.
  • Brickell, K., & Datta, A. (2011). Translocal geographies: Spaces, places, connections. Routledge.
  • Brubaker, R. (2005). The ‘diaspora’ diaspora. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141987042000289997
  • Bucher, T. (2012). Want to be on top? Algorithmic power and the threat of invisibility on Facebook. New Media & Society, 14(7), 1164–1180. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812440159
  • Bühler, M. M., Calzada, I., Cane, I., Jelinek, T., Kapoor, A., Mannan, M., Mehta, S., Mookerje, V., Nübel, K., Pentland, A., Scholz, T., Siddarth, D., Tait, J., Vaitla, B., & Zhu, J. (2023a). Unlocking the power of digital commons: Data cooperatives as a pathway for data sovereign, innovative and equitable digital communities. Digital, 3(3), 146–171. https://doi.org/10.3390/digital3030011
  • Bühler, M. M., Calzada, I., Cane, I., Jelinek, T., Kapoor, A., Mannan, M., Mehta, S., Mookerjee, V. S., Nübel, K., Pentland, A., Scholz, T., Siddarth, D., Tait, J., Vaitla, B., & Zhu, J. (2023b). Harnessing Digital Federation Platforms and Data Cooperatives to Empower SMEs and Local Communities. TF-2: Our Common Digital Future: Affordable, Accessible, and Inclusive Digital Public Infrastructure. G20/T20 Policy Brief. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22347.98083/1
  • Burrell, J., & Fourcade, M. (2021). The society of algorithms. Annual Review of Sociology, 47(1), 213–237. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-090820-020800
  • Buterin, V. (2022). Proof of stake: The making of Ethereum and the philosophy of blockchains. Seven Stories.
  • Calzada, I. (2011). ¿Hacia una Ciudad Vasca-Euskal Hiria? Aproximación desde la Innovación Social. Servicio de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco.
  • Calzada, I. (2013). Knowledge building & organizational behaviour: Mondragon case. In F. Moulaert, D. MacCallum, A. Mehmood, & A. Hamdouch (Eds.), International handbook of social innovation. Social innovation: Collective action, social learning and transdisciplinary research (pp. 219–229). Edward Elgar (UK) Publishing. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30748.69766. ISBN: 978 1 78254 559 0.
  • Calzada, I. (2018). ‘Algorithmic nations’: Seeing like a city-regional and techno-political conceptual assemblage. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 5(1), 267–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2018.1507754
  • Calzada, I. (2020). Platform and data co-operatives Amidst European pandemic citizenship. Sustainability, 12(20), 8309. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208309
  • Calzada, I. (2021a). Pandemic citizenship: Will COVID-19 reinforce nation-states’ borders and liquify citizens? Academia Letters, Article 910. https://doi.org/10.2935/AL910
  • Calzada, I. (2021b). Data Co-operatives through data sovereignty. Smart Cities, 4(3), 1158–1172. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4030062
  • Calzada, I. (2021c). Smart city citizenship. Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-12-815300-0. https://doi.org/10.1016/c2017-0-02973-7
  • Calzada, I. (2021d). The right to have digital rights in smart cities. Sustainability, 13(20), 11438. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011438
  • Calzada, I. (2022a). Emerging digital citizenship regimes: Pandemic, algorithmic, liquid, metropolitan, and stateless citizenships. Citizenship Studies, 27(2), 160–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2021.2012312
  • Calzada, I. (2022b). Emerging digital citizenship regimes: Postpandemic technopolitical democracies. Emerald. ISBN: 9781803823324. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781803823317
  • Calzada, I. (2022c). Hyperconnected diasporas. AEMI Journal, 2021/2022, 49–68. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23399.73127/1
  • Calzada, I. (2022d). How digital citizenship regimes are rescaling European nation-states. Space and Polity, 26(1), 44–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2022.2072197
  • Calzada, I. (2022e). Citizens’ data privacy in China: The state-of-the-art of the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL). Smart Cities, 5(3), 1129–1150. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5030057
  • Calzada, I. (2022f). Postpandemic technopolitical democracy: Algorithmic nations, data sovereignty, digital rights, and data cooperatives. In J. Zabalo, I. Filibi, & L. Escacedo (Eds.), Made-to-Measure future(s) for democracy? Views from the Basque Atalaia (pp. 97–117). Springer. ISBN: 978-3-031-08607-6. Online ISBN: 978-3-031-08608-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08608-3_6.
  • Calzada, I. (2023). Disruptive technologies for e-diasporas: Blockchain, DAOs, Data Cooperatives, Metaverse, and ChatGPT. Futures, 154(C), 103258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2023.103258
  • Calzada, I., & Arranz, I. (2022). Western US Basque-American e-diaspora: Action research in California, Idaho, and Nevada. Societies, 12(6), 153. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc12060153
  • Calzada, I., & Bustard, J. (2022). The dilemmas around digital citizenship in a post-brexit and post-pandemic Northern Ireland: Towards an algorithmic nation? Citizenship Studies, 27(2), 271–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2022.2026565
  • Calzada, I., & Cobo, C. (2015). Unplugging: Deconstructing the smart city. Journal of Urban Technology, 22(1), 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2014.971535
  • Calzada, I., & Cowie, P. (2017). Beyond smart and data-driven city-regions? Rethinking stakeholder-helixes strategies. Regions Magazine, 308(4), 25–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/13673882.2017.11958675
  • Calzada, I., Pérez-Batlle, M., & Batlle-Montserrat, J. (2021). People-Centered smart cities: An exploratory action research on the cities’ coalition for digital rights. Journal of Urban Affairs, 45(10), 1537–1562. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2021.1994861
  • Cancela, E. (2023). Utopías digitales: Imaginar el Fin del capitalismo. Verso.
  • Cheney-Lippold, J. (2016). Jus algoritmi: How the national security agency remade citizenship. International Journal of Communication, 10(2016), 1721–1742.
  • Chouliaraki, L., & Georgiou, M. (2022). The digital border: Migration, technology, power. NYC Press.
  • Cook, D. (2020). The freedom trap: Digital nomads and the use of disciplining practices to manage work/leisure boundaries. Information Technology & Tourism, 22(3), 355–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00172-4
  • Cook, D. (2022). Breaking the contract: Digital nomads and the state. Critique of Anthropology, 42(3), 304–323. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X221120172
  • D’Andrea, A. (2006). Neo-nomadism: A theory of post-identitarian mobility in the global Age. Mobilities, 1(1), 95–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450100500489148
  • Debell, M., Wilson, C., Jackman, S., & Figueroa, L. (2021). Optimal response formats for online surveys: Branch, grid, or single item? Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology, 9(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1093/jssam/smz039
  • De Filippi, P., & Lavayssiére, X. (2020). Blockchain technology: Toward a decentralized governance of digital platforms? The great awakening: New modes of life amidst capitalist ruins. Punctum Book.
  • De Filippi, P., Mannan, M., & Reijers, W. (2020). Blockchain as a confidence machine: The problem of trust & challenges of governance. Technology in Society, 62(101284), 101284–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101284
  • De Filippi, P., & Schingler, J. K. (2023). Coordi-nations: A new institutional structure for global cooperation. https://jessykate.medium.com/coordi-nations-a-new-institutional-structure-for-global-cooperation-3ef38d6e2cfa
  • Diminescu, D. (2012). Introduction: Digital methods for the exploration, analysis, and mapping of e-diasporas. Social Science Information, 51(4), 451–458. https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018412456918
  • Dupont, Q. (2017). Blockchain identities: Notational technologies for control and management of abstracted entities. Metaphilosophy, 48(5), 634–653. https://doi.org/10.1111/meta.12267
  • Echeverría, J. (1994). Telépolis. Destino.
  • Eusko Jaurlaritza. (2022a). Internationalisation framework strategy – Euskadi Basque Country: 2025 external action plan. Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco.
  • Eusko Jaurlaritza. (2022b). Legislatura XII: 2020-2024. https://www.euskadi.eus/planificacion-de-la-xii-legislatura/web01-s1leheko/es/
  • Ferreira, S. (2022). Welcome to digital Nomadland. https://www.wired.com/story/digital-nomad-village-madeira-portugal/
  • Finck, M. (2018). Blockchain regulation and governance in Europe. Cambridge University Press.
  • Forestal, J. (2020). Constructing digital democracies: Facebook, Arendt, and the Politics of Design. Political Studies, 69(1), 26–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321719890807
  • Fourcade, M. (2021). Ordinal citizenship. The British Journal of Sociology, 72(2), 154–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12839
  • Godwin, M. (2022). ‘Let my people go’: Diaspora mobilization for the human rights of political prisoners. Globalizations, 19(2), 322–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2021.1884328
  • Gorwa, R. (2019). What is platform governance? Information, Communication & Society, 22(6), 854–871. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1573914
  • Gstrein, O. J., & Kochenov, D. (2020). Digital identity and distributed ledger technology: Paving the way to a neo-feudal brave new world? Frontiers in Blockchain, 3(10). https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2020.00010
  • HanHemen. (2022). Video presented on 5th May 2022 in the First Digital Encounter of HanHemen. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9aNl6ylx2A; Press Note: https://hanhemen.eus/es/euskal-komunitate-globala-diaspora-biziberritzeko-prest/
  • Hintz, A., Dencik, L., & Wahl-Jorgensen, K. (2019). Digital citizenship in a datafied society. Polity.
  • Hirt, N., & Mohammad, A. S. (2018). By way of patriotism, coercion, or instrumentalization: How the Eritrean regime makes use of the diaspora to stabilize its rule. Globalizations, 15(2), 232–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2017.1294752
  • Ho, E. L. E., & McConnell, F. (2017). Conceptualizing ‘diaspora diplomacy’: Territory and populations betwixt the domestic and foreign. Progress in Human Geography, 43, 235–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132517740217
  • Holleran, M. (2022). Pandemics and geoarbitrage: Digital nomadism before and after COVID-19. City, 26(5-6), 831–847. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2022.2124713
  • Hubbard, S. (2023). Decentralized autonomous organizations and policy considerations in the United States. Belfer Center, Harvard.
  • Hughes, L., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Misra, S. K. (2019). Blockchain research, practice, and policy: Applications, benefits, limitations, emerging research themes and research agenda. International Journal of Information Management, 49, 114–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.02.005
  • Inwood, O., & Zappavigna, M. (2021). Ideology, attitudinal positioning, and the blockchain: A social semiotic approach to understanding the values construed in the whitepapers of blockchain start-ups. Social Semiotics, 33(0), 451–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2021.1877995
  • Isin, E., & Ruppert, E. (2015). Being digital citizens. Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Jayasundara-Smits, S. (2022). Tamil diaspora activism in the post-liberal international order: Navigating politics and norms. Globalizations, 19(1), 81–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2020.1850403
  • Kannisto, P. (2016). Global nomads and extreme mobilities. Routledge.
  • Khanna, P. (2016). Connectography: Mapping the global network revolution. Weidenfeld & Nicholson.
  • Kim, Y. M., Hsu, J., Neiman, D., Kou, C., Bankston, L., Kim, S. Y., Heinrich, R., Baragwanath, R., & Raskutti, G. (2018). The stealth media? Groups and targets behind divisive issue campaigns on Facebook. Political Communication, 35(4), 515–541. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2018.1476425
  • Kondova, G., & Erbguth, J. (2020). Self-Sovereign identity on public blockchains and the GDPR. Proceedings of ACM SAC conference, Brno, Czech Republic, March 30 – April 3, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1145/3341105.3374066
  • Lafleur, J. M., & Vintila, D. (2020). Migration and social protection in Europe and beyond (volume 1). comparing access to welfare entitlements. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5
  • Levitt, P., & de la Dehesa, R. (2003). Transnational migration and the redefinition of the state: Variations and explanations. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 26(4), 587–611. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141987032000087325
  • Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1946.tb02295.x
  • Lohr, S. (2015). Data-ism: The revolution transforming decision making, consumer behavior, and almost everything else. OneWorld.
  • Mahula, S., Tan, E., & Crompvoets, J. (2021). With blockchain or not? Opportunities and challenges of self-sovereign identity implementation in public administration: Lessons from the Belgian case. DG.O2021: The 22nd Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research Omaha, NE, USA 2021. Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3463677.3463705
  • Manor, I. (2021). The digitalizacion of public diplomacy. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Manor, I., & Adiku, G. A. (2021). From ‘traitors’ to ‘saviours’: A longitudinal analysis of Ethiopian, Kenyan and Rwandan embassies’ practices of digital diaspora diplomacy. South African Journal of International Affairs, 28(3), 403–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2021.1948915
  • Marquardt, F. (2021). The new nomads: How the migration revolution is making the world a better place. Simon & Schuster.
  • Mathew, A. J. (2016). The myth of the decentralised internet. Internet Policy Review, 5(3). https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/myth-decentralised-internet
  • McHugh, J. T. (2015). Paradiplomacy, protodiplomacy, and the foreign policy aspirations of Quebec and other Canadian provinces. Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 21(3), 238–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2015.1031261
  • Micheli, M., Farrell, E., Carballa Smichowski, B., Sanchez, M., Signorelli, S., & Vespe, M. (2023). Mapping the landscape of data intermediaries. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/8943. JRC133988.
  • Modi, R., & Taylor, I. (2017). The Indian diaspora in Africa: The commodification of Hindu Rashtra. Globalizations, 14(6), 911–929. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2017.1287451
  • Monsees, L. (2019). Crypto-Politics: Encryption and democratic practices in the digital era. Routledge.
  • Morozov, E. (2022). Critique of techno-feudal reason. New Left Review, 133-134, 89–126.
  • Moss, D. M. (2018). The ties that bind: Internet communication technologies, networked authoritarianism, and ‘voice’ in the Syrian diaspora. Globalizations, 15(2), 265–282. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2016.1263079
  • Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C. J., & McNeal, R. S. (2007). Digital citizenship: The internet, society, and participation. MIT Press.
  • Nabben, K. (2022). A political history of DAOs. https://www.fwb.help/wip/cypherpunks-to-social-daos
  • Naik, N., & Jenkins, P. (2020). Self-sovereign identity specifications: Govern your identity through your digital wallet using Blockchain technology. In Proceedings – 2020 8th IEEE conference on mobile cloud computing, services, and engineering (pp. 90–95). MobileCloud. https://doi.org/10.1109/MobileCloud48802.2020.00021
  • Newport, C. (2019). Digital minimalism: Choosing a focused life in a noisy world. Penguin.
  • Oiarzabal, P. J. (2012). Diaspora basques and online social networks: An analysis of users of basque institutional diaspora groups on Facebook. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 38(9), 1469–1485. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2012.698216
  • Ong, A. (1999). Flexible citizenship: The cultural logics of transnationality. Duke University Press.
  • Orgad, L., & Bauböck, R. (2018). Cloud communities: The Dawn of global citizenship? EUI.
  • O’Shea, L. (2021). Future histories: What Ada Lovelace, Tom Paine, and the Paris Commune can teach us about digital technology. Verso.
  • Polson, E. (2019). The aspirational class ‘mobility’ of digital nomads. In E. Polson, L. Schofield Clark, & R. Gajjala (Eds.), The Routledge companion to media and class (pp. 168–179). Routledge.
  • Ponzanesi, S. (2020). Digital diasporas: Postcoloniality, media and affect. Interventions, 22(8), 977–993. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369801X.2020.1718537
  • Ratto, M., & Boler, M. (Eds.). (2014). DIY citizenship. Critical making and socialmedia. MIT Press.
  • Rennie, E., Zargham, M., Tan, J., Miller, L., Abbott, J., Nabben, K., & De Filippi, P. (2022). Toward a participatory digital ethnography of blockchain governance. Qualitative Inquiry, 28(7), 837–847. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778004221097056
  • Riordan, S. (2019). Cyberdiplomacy: Managing security and governance online. Wiley.
  • Rodima-Taylor, D., & Grimes, W. W. (2019). Virtualizing diaspora: New digital technologies in the emerging transnational space. Global Networks, 19(3), 349–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12221
  • Sadowski, J. (2019). When data is capital: Datafication, accumulation, and extraction. Big Data & Society, 6(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951718820549
  • Shachar, A. (2018). The marketization of citizenship in an age of restrictionism. Ethics & International Affairs, 32(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679418000059
  • Singh, R. (2019). Give me a database and I will raise the nation-state. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 42(3), 501–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2019.1602810
  • Spelliscy, C., Hubbard, S., Schneider, N., & Vance-Law, S. (2023). Toward equitable ownership and governance in the digital public sphere. Belfer Center, Harvard.
  • Srinivasan, B. (2022). The network state: How to start a new country. www.thenetworkstate.com
  • Srivastava, S. (2021). Algorithmic governance and the international politics of Big Tech. Cambridge University Press.
  • Stanford DAO Workshops 2022 and 2023. (2023). Frances C. Arrillaga Alumni Center at Stanford University. DAO Research Collective, Megagov, Smart Contract Research Forum, and Stanford Center for Blockchain Research. https://daocollective.xyz/
  • Sullivan, C. (2018). Digital identity – from emergent legal concept to new reality. Computer Law & Security Review, 34(4), 723–731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2018.05.015
  • Sullivan, C., & Burger, E. (2017). E-residency and blockchain. Computer Law & Security Review, 33(4), 470–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2017.03.016
  • Sutherland, T. (2014). Intensive mobilities: Figurations of the nomad in contemporary theory. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 32(5), 935–950. https://doi.org/10.1068/d14027p
  • Swan, M., & De Filippi, P. (2017). Toward a philosophy of blockchain: A symposium: Introduction. Metaphilosophy, 48(5), 603–619. https://doi.org/10.1111/meta.12270
  • Tammppu, P., & Masso, A. (2018). ‘Welcome to the virtual state’: Estonian e-residency and the digitalised state as a commodity. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 21(5), 543–560. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549417751148
  • Tammppu, P., Masso, A., Ibrahimi, M., & Abaku, T. (2022). Estonian e-residency and conceptions of platform-based state-individual relationship. Trames. Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 26(76/71), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2022.1.01
  • Taplin, J. (2017). Move fast and break things: How Facebook, Google, and Amazon have cornered culture and what it means for all of us. Little Brown.
  • Totoricagüena, G. (2006). Diasporas as non-central government actors in foreign policy: The trajectory of Basque Paradiplomacy. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 11(2), 265–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537110591005757
  • Van Dijck, J. (2018). The platform society: Public values in a connective world. Oxford University Press.
  • Veliz, C. (2020). Privacy is power: Why and how you should take back control of your data. Corgi.
  • Viano, C., Avanzo, S., Boella, G., Schifanella, C., & Giorgino, V. (2023). Civic Blockchain: Making Blockchains accessible for social collaborative economies. Journal of Responsible Technology, 15, 100066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2023.100066.
  • Wang, B., Schlagwein, D., Cecez-Kecmanovic, D., & Cahalane, M. C. (2018, December 3). Digital work and high-tech wanderers: Three theoretical framings and a research agenda for digital nomadism. Australasian conference on Information Systems, Sydney (Australia).
  • Warf, B. (2021). Geographies of cosmopolitanism. Edward Elgar.
  • WEF. (2023). Decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) toolkit.
  • Werbach, K. (2019). The blockchain and the new architecture of trust. MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11449.001.0001.
  • Woldoff, R. A., & Litchfield, R. C. (2021). Digital nomads: In search of freedom, community, and meaningful work in the new economy. Oxford University Press.
  • Woodall, A., & Ringel, S. (2020). Blockchain archival discourse: Trust and the imaginaries of digital preservation. New Media & Society, 22(12), 2200–2217. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819888756
  • Zhang, C., & Morris, C. (2023). Borders, bordering and sovereignty in digital space. Territory, Politics, Governance, 11(6), 1051–1058. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2023.2216737
  • Zichichi, M., Ferretti, S., & Rodríguez-Doncel, V. (2022). Decentralized personal data marketplaces: How participation in a DAO can support the production of citizen-generated data. Sensors, 22(16), 6260. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166260
  • Zook, M. (2023). Platforms, blockchains and the challenges of decentralization. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, XX, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsad008
  • Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. Profile.