References
- ALVAREZ, Michael, and BREHM, John. (2002) Hard Choices, Easy Answers: Values. Information, and American Public Opinion (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).
- AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL. (2014) Stop Torture Global Survey: Attitudes To Torture. [Online]. Available: https://www.amnestyusa.org/pdfs/GlobalSurveyAttitudesToTorture2014.pdf [15 March 2018].
- ANGRIST, Joshua, and PISCHKE, Jörn-Steffen. (2009) Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).
- THE ASSOCIATED PRESS-NORC CENTER FOR PUBLIC AFFAIRS RESEARCH (2013). Balancing act: The public's take on liberties and security. [Online]. Available: http://www.apnorc.org/PDFs/Balancing%20Act/AP-NORC%202013_Civil%20Liberties%20Poll_Report.pdf [15 March 2018].
- BARTELS, Larry. (1991) Constituency opinion and congressional policy making: The Reagan defense buildup. American Political Science Review, 85(2), 457–474.
- BREWER, Paul. (2002) Framing, value words, and citizens' explanations of their issue opinions. Political Communication, 19(3), 303–316.
- BREWER, Paul. (2003) Values, political knowledge, and public opinion about gay rights: A framing based account. Public Opinion Quarterly, 67(2), 173–201.
- BREWER, Paul, and GROSS, K. 2005. Values, framing, and citizens' thoughts about policy issues: Effects on content and quantity. Political Psychology, 26(6), 929–948.
- BRINSON, Mary E., and STOHL, Michael. (2012) Media framing of terrorism: Implications for public opinion, civil liberties, and counterterrorism policies. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 5(4), 270–290.
- CAMPBELL, Angus, CONVERSE, Philip E., MILLER, Warren E., and STOKES, Donald E. (1960) The American Voter (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).
- CONRAD, Courtenay R., CROCO, Sarah E., GOMEZ, Brad T., and MOORE, Will H. (2017) Threat perception and American support for torture. Political Behavior, 1–21. doi:10.1007/s11109-017-9433-5
- CRANDALL, Christian, EIDELMAN, Scott, SKITKA, Linda J., and MORGAN, G. Scott. (2009) Status quo framing increases support for torture. Social Influence, 4(1), 1–10.
- DAVIS, Darren W., and SILVER, Brian D. (2004) Civil liberties vs. security in the context of the terrorist attacks on America. American Journal of Political Science, 48(1), 28–46.
- ERIKSON, Robert, MACKUEN, Michael, and STIMSON, James. (2002) The Macro Polity (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press).
- FELDMAN, Stanley. (1988) Structure and consistency in public opinion: The role of core beliefs and values. American Journal of Political Science, 32(2), 416–440.
- FELDMAN, Stanley, and ZALLER, John. (1992) The political culture of ambivalence: Ideological responses to the welfare state. American Journal of Political Science, 36(1), 268–307.
- GALLUP. (2006) Republicans and Democrats Disgaree on Iraq War, but Support Troops. [ Online]. Available: http://www.gallup.com/poll/24760/republicans-democrats-disagree-iraq-war-support-troops.aspx [1 March 2018].
- GOREN, Paul. (2001) Core principles and policy reasoning in mass publics: A test of two theories. British Journal of Political Science, 31(1), 159–177.
- GOREN, Paul. (2005) Party identification and core political values. American Journal of Political Science, 49(4), 881–896.
- GREENWOOD, Max. (2017) Trump: Waterboarding isn't torture. The Hill. [ Online]. Available: http://thehill.com/policy/national-security/316435-trump-waterboarding-isnt-torture [ 3 May 2017].
- GRONKE, Paul, REJALI, Darius, DRENGUIS, Dustin, HICKS, James, MILLER, Peter, and NAKAYAMA, Bryan. (2010) U.S. public opinion on torture 2001–2009. PS: Political Science and Politics, 43(3), 437–444.
- HOCHSCHILD, Jennifer. (1981) What's Fair? American Beliefs About Distributive Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
- HETHERINGTON, Marc J., and WEILER, Jonathan. (2009) Authoritarianism and Polarization in American Politics (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press).
- HOUCK, Shannon C., and CONWAY, Lucian Gideon III. (2013) What people think about torture: Torture is inherently bad … unless it can save someone I love. Journal of Applied Security Research, 8(4), 429–454.
- HURWITZ, Jon, and PEFFLEY, Mark. (1987) How are foreign policy attitudes structured? A hierarchical model. American Political Science Review, 81(1), 99–120.
- JACOBY, William G. (2006). Value choice and American public opinion. American Journal of Political Science, 50(3), 706–723.
- KAM, Cindy, WILKING, Jennifer R., and ZECHMEISTER, Elizabeth J. (2007) Beyond the “narrow data base”: Another convenience sample for experimental research. Political Behavior, 29(4), 415–440.
- LEWIS-BECK, Michael, JACOBY, William, NORPOTH, Helmut, and WEISBERG, Herbert F. (2008) The American Voter Revisited (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press).
- LIZOTTE, Mary-Kate. (2017) Gender differences in support for torture. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 61(4), 772–787.
- MILLER, Warren E., and SHANKS, J. Merrill. (1996) The New American Voter (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
- MOKKEN, Robert J. (1971) A Theory and Procedure of Scale Analysis, Vol. 1 (Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter).
- MONROE, Alan D. (1979) Consistency between public preferences and national policy decisions.” American Politics Quarterly, 7(1), 3–19.
- MONROE, Alan D. (1998) Public opinion and public policy 1980–1993. Public Opinion Quarterly, 62(1), 6–28.
- PAGE, Benjamin, and SHAPIRO, Robert. (1983) Effects of public opinion on policy. American Political Science Review, 77(1), 175–190.
- PEW RESEARCH CENTER FOR THE PEOPLE AND THE PRESS AND THE ASSOCIATED PRESS. (2006a) Early October 2006 Turnout Survey: Final topline, September 21–October 4, 2006. [Online]. Available: <http://people-press.org/reports/questionnaires/290.pdf> [1 March 2018].
- PEW RESEARCH CENTER FOR THE PEOPLE AND THE PRESS AND THE ASSOCIATED PRESS. (2006b) Iraq Looms Large in Nationalized Election: Congressional race unchanged after Foley's resignation, early October 2006 turnout survey. [Online]. Available: http://www.people-press.org/2006/10/05/iraq-looms-large-in-nationalized-election/ [1 March 2018].
- PEW RESEARCH CENTER FOR THE PEOPLE AND THE PRESS AND THE ASSOCIATED PRESS. (2011) Ten years after 9/11, united in remembrance, divided over policies. [Online]. http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/legacy-pdf/9-1-11%20Sept.%2011%20Release.pdf. [1 March 2018].
- PEW RESEARCH CENTER FOR THE PEOPLE AND THE PRESS AND THE ASSOCIATED PRESS. (2015) Global publics back U.S. on fighting ISIS, but are critical of post-9/11 torture. [Online]. Available: http://www.pewglobal.org/files/2015/06/Balance-of-Power-Report-FINAL-June-23-2015.pdf [1 March 2018].
- PEW RESEARCH CENTER US POLITICS AND POLICY (2009). Public remains divided over use of torture. [Online]. Available: http://www.people-press.org/2009/04/23/public-remains-divided-over-use-of-torture/ [15 March 2018].
- THE PIPA/KNOWLEDGE NETWORKS POLL: THE AMERICAN PUBLIC ON INTERNATIONAL ISSUES. (2004) Americans on detention, torture, and the War on Terrorism. [Online]. http://www.publicconsultation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/July-2004-Torture-Report-Final.pdf [1 March 2018].
- RICHARDS, David L., MORRILL, Mandy, and ANDERSON, Mary R. (2012) Some psycho-social correlates of U.S. citizen support for torture. Nordic Journal of Human Rights, 30(1), 63–95.
- WASHINGTON POST-ABC NEWS POLL: BUSH AND IRAQ. (2004) The Washington Post. [Online]. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/polls/trend_052304_q27_31.html. [1 March 2018].
- WORLD PUBLIC OPINION.ORG (2006). World citizens reject torture, BBC global poll reveals. [Online]. Available: http://worldpublicopinion.net/world-citizens-reject-torture-bbc-global-poll-reveals/ [15 March 2018].
- WHITE HOUSE OF PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA. (2014) Statements and Releases. [Online]. Available: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/12/09/statement-president-report-senate-select-committee-intelligence [1 March 2018].
- ZALLER, John. (1992) The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press).