Markets of protection: religious rivalry, insecurity, and illegality in Cape Town’s urban fringes

References

• Adeboye, O. 2012. “‘A Church in a Cinema Hall?’ Pentecostal Appropriation of Public Space in Nigeria.” Journal of Religion in Africa 42 (2): 145–71. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12341227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adogame, A. 2004. “Engaging the Rhetoric of Spiritual Warfare: The Public Face of Aladura in Diaspora.” Journal of Religion in Africa 34 (4): 493–522. https://doi.org/10.1163/1570066042564392.
   Google Scholar
• Bangstad, S. 2005. “Hydra’s Heads: PAGAD and Responses to the PAGAD Phenomenon in a Cape Muslim Community.” Journal of Southern African Studies 31 (1): 187–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070500035919.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bompani, B., and C. Valois. 2017. Christian Citizens and the Moral Regeneration of the African State. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Burchardt, M. 2013. “‘Transparent sexualities’: Sexual Openness, HIV Disclosure and the Governmentality of Sexuality in South Africa.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 15 (sup4): S495–S508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burchardt, M. 2017. “Pentecostal Productions of Locality: Urban Risks and Spiritual Protection in Cape Town. Religion and the global city, 78-94.” In Religion and the Global City, edited by David Garbin and Anna Strhan, 78–94. London: Bloomsbury.
   Google Scholar
• Burchardt, M. 2020. “Salvation as Cultural Distinction: Religion and Neoliberalism in Urban Africa.” Cultural Sociology 14 (2): 160–179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comaroff, J. 2009. “The Politics of Conviction: Faith on the Neo-Liberal Frontier.” Social Analysis 53 (1): 17–38. https://doi.org/10.3167/sa.2009.530102.
   Google Scholar
• Comaroff, J., and J. Comaroff. 2000. “Millennial Capitalism: First Thoughts on a Second Coming.” Public Culture 12 (2): 291–343. https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-12-2-291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comaroff, J., and J. Comaroff. 2000. “Law and Disorder in the Postcolony: An Introduction.” In Law and Disorder in the Postcolony, edited by J. Comaroff and J. Comaroff, 308–25. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities. 2017. Report on the Hearings on the Commercialisation of Religion and Abuse of People’s Belief Systems. Johannesburg: CRL Rights Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Diphoorn, T. G. 2016. “Twilight Policing: Private Security Practices in South Africa.” The British Journal of Criminology 56 (2): 313–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azv057.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Englund, H. 2011. “From Spiritual Warfare to Spiritual Kinship: Islamophobia and Evangelical Radio in Malawi.” Christianity and Public Culture in Africa 14 (167): 167–88.
   Google Scholar
• Gusman, A. 2009. “HIV/AIDS, Pentecostal Churches, and the “Joseph generation” in Uganda.” Africa Today 56 (1): 67–86. https://doi.org/10.2979/AFT.2009.56.1.66.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, T. B. 2006. “Performers of Sovereignty: On the Privatization of Security in Urban South Africa.” Critique of Anthropology 26 (3): 279–295.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hentschel, C. 2015. Security in the Bubble: Navigating Crime in Urban South Africa. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jensen, S., and L. Buur. 2004. “Everyday Policing and the Occult: Notions of Witchcraft, Crime and ‘The people’.” African Studies 63 (2): 193–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/00020180412331318733.
   Google Scholar
• Kgatle, M. S. 2017. “The Unusual Practices within Some Neo-Pentecostal Churches in South Africa: Reflections and Recommendations.” HTS Theological Studies 73 (3): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v73i3.4656.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kgatle, M. S., and A. H. Anderson, edited by 2020. The Use and Abuse of the Spirit in Pentecostalism: A South African Perspective. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kirsch, T. G. 2017. “Performing the Common Good: Volunteering and Ethics in Non-State Crime Prevention in South Africa.” Africa 87 (3): 496–512. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0001972017000080.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauterbach, K. 2019. “Fakery and Wealth in African Charismatic Christianity: Moving Beyond the Prosperity Gospel as Script.” In Faith in African Lived Christianity, edited by Karen Lauterbach and Mika Vähäkangas, 111–32. Leiden: Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Lindhardt, M. 2014. “Miracle Makers and Money Takers: Healers, Prosperity Preachers and Fraud in Contemporary Tanzania,” in Minority Religions and Fraud.” In Good Faith, edited by Amanda van Eck and Duymaer van Twist, 153–70. London: Ashgate Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Loveman, M. 2005. “The Modern State and the Primitive Accumulation of Symbolic Power.” The American Journal of Sociology 110 (6): 1651–83. https://doi.org/10.1086/428688.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, R. 2010. “The Sovereignty of Miracles: Pentecostal Political Theology in Nigeria 1.” Constellations 17 (2): 197–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8675.2010.00585.x.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, R. 2016. “Destroying Arguments and Captivating Thoughts: Spiritual Warfare Prayer as Global Praxis.” Journal of Religious and Political Practice 2 (1): 92–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/20566093.2016.1085243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, B. 1998a. “‘Make a Complete Break with the past.’ Memory and Post-Colonial Modernity in Ghanaian Pentecostalist Discourse.” Journal of Religion in Africa 28 (Fasc. 3): 316–49. https://doi.org/10.1163/157006698X00044.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, B. 1998b. “The Power of Money: Politics, Occult Forces, and Pentecostalism in Ghana.” African Studies Review 41 (3): 15–37. https://doi.org/10.2307/525352.
   Google Scholar
• Minnaar, A. 2007. “Oversight and Monitoring of Non-State/private Policing: The Private Security Practitioners in South Africa.” In Private Security in Africa: Manifestation, Challenges and Regulation, edited by Sabelo Gumedze, 127–50. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Obadare, E. 2018. Pentecostal Republic: Religion and the Struggle for State Power in Nigeria. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Riesebrodt, M. 2010. The Promise of Salvation: A Theory of Religion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Robbins, J. 2003. “On the Paradoxes of Global Pentecostalism and the Perils of Continuity Thinking.” Religion 33 (3): 221–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-721X(03)00055-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Super, G. 2016. “Volatile Sovereignty: Governing Crime Through the Community in Khayelitsha.” Law & Society Review 50 (2): 450–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/lasr.12198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swidler, A. 2013. “African Affirmations: The Religion of Modernity and the Modernity of Religion.” International Sociology 28 (6): 680–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580913508568.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tandwa, L. 2015. “Pastors Have Threatened My Life.” News24, November 20. https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/pastors-have-threatened-my-life-20151120.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, B., and T. Kirsch. 2009. “Law and Religion in Permutation of Order: An Introduction.” In Permutations of Order: Religion and Law as Contested Sovereignties, edited by G. K. Thomas and B. Turner, 1–26. Farnham: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, B., and T. G. Kirsch. 2002. “Law and Religion in Permutation of Order: An Introduction.” In Permutations of Order: Religion and Law as Contested Sovereignties, edited by Thomas G. Kirsch and Bertram Turner, 1–26. Farnham: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Ukah, A. 2016. “Building God’s City: The Political Economy of Prayer Camps in Nigeria.” International Journal of Urban & Regional Research 40 (3): 524–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12363.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van de Kamp, L. 2016. Violent Conversion: Brazilian Pentecostalism and Urban Women in Mozambique. Rochester: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijk, R. 1998. “Pentecostalism, Cultural Memory and the State: Contested Representations of Time in Postcolonial Malawi.” In Memory and the Postcolony: African Anthropology and the Critique of Power, edited by Richard Werbner, 155–81. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Van Wyk, I. 2014. The Universal Church of the Kingdom of God in South Africa: A Church of Strangers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Van Wyk, I. 2020. “Crooked Prophets, Ungodly Politicians and Their Publics: Popular Christian Engagements in South Africa.” PentecoStudies 19 (1): 36–61. https://doi.org/10.1558/pent.40930.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, M. H. 1951. “Witch Beliefs and Social Structure.” The American Journal of Sociology 56 (4): 307–313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar