Putting out the candle: Sufism and the orgy libel in late Ottoman and modern Turkey

References

• Adak, S. 2022. Anti-Veiling Campaigns in Turkey: State, Society and Gender in the Early Republic. London: I.B. Taurus.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews, W. G., and M. Kalpaklı. 2004. The Age of Beloveds: Love and the Beloved in Early-Modern Ottoman and European Culture and Society. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Anonymous, “Dinimizi terdiyattan, gayr ahlâki müesseselerden kurtaralım: Dinimizle değil, âdatımız ve ahlâğımızla bile hiç bir alâkası olmayan ne tekkeler var (Let’s save our religion from degeneration and unethical institutions: There are Sufi lodges that have no relation at all with our religion, nor even with our customs and ethics). İleri. 18 Mart 1340 [18 March 1924], 1–2.
   Google Scholar
• Arat, Y. 2000. “From Emancipation to Liberation: The Changing Role of Women in Turkey’s Public Realm.” Journal of International Affairs 54 (1): 107–123.
   Google Scholar
• Avcı, M. 2017. “Shifts in Sexual Desire: Bans on Dancing Boys (köçeks) Throughout Ottoman Modernity (1800s–1920s).” Middle Eastern Studies 53 (5): 762–781.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baer, M. D. 2010. The Dönme: Jewish Converts Muslim Revolutionaries and Secular Turks. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA).
   Google Scholar
• Bettenson, H. 1976. Rome and the Mediterranean: Books XXXI-XLV of the History of Rome from Its Foundation. London: Penguin Classics.
   Google Scholar
• Beyinli, G. 2021. İslam ve Sair Halk: Laik Türkiye’de Hurafeler, Kadınlar, Türbeler. 1. basım ed. Istanbul: Kitap Yayınevi.
   Google Scholar
• Beyinli, G. 2022. “Reframing Turkey, Istanbul and National Identity: Ottoman history,‘chosen people’ and the Opening of Shrines in 1950.” Nations and Nationalism 28 (4): 1428–1443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çelebi, E. 2011. An Ottoman Traveller: Selections from the Book of Travels of Evliya Çelebi, Translated by Robert Dankoff and Sooyong Kim. London: Eland.
   Google Scholar
• Douwes, D., and N. N. Lewis. 1989. “The Trials of Syrian Ismaʿilis in the First Decade of the 20th Century.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 21 (2): 215–232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efendi, E. 2005. Üss-i Zafer Yeniçeriliğin Kaldırılmasına Dair. Edited by Mehmet Arslan and Erol Özvar. first published in 1828 Quoted in Cem Kara, Grenzen überschreitende Derwische: Kulturbeziehungen des Bektaschi-Ordens 1826–1925, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2018. Istanbul: Kitabevi.
   Google Scholar
• Elias, N. 2021. “Le différend de la sexualité en Turquie.” Annales Histoire, Sciences Sociales 76 (1): 117–143. https://doi.org/10.1017/ahss.2021.47.
   Google Scholar
• Faulkner, W. 1982. Döşeğinde ölürken. Translated by Murat Belge. Istanbul: Adam Yayıncılık.
   Google Scholar
• Floor, W. 2014. “Who Were the Candle Extinguishers or Cheragh-Koshan?” Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 164 (1): 129–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Göknar, E. 2012. “Secular Blasphemies: Orhan Pamuk and the Turkish Novel.” Novel: A Forum on Fiction 45 (2): 301–326. https://doi.org/10.1215/00295132-1573985.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Göknar, Erdağ. 2013. Orhan Pamuk Secularism and Blasphemy: The Politics of the Turkish Novel. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Green, N. 2012. Sufism: A Global History. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Güntekin, R. N. 1928. Yeşil Gece. Istanbul: Suhulet Kütüphanesi.
   Google Scholar
• Gürsoy, Ҫ. B. 2023. “Recapitulating Love: Modernity Secularity, and Sufism in Turkey.” Unpublished PhD dissertation, Leiden University.
   Google Scholar
• Hasluck, F. W. 1921. “Heterodox Tribes of Asia Minor.” The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 51: 310–342.
   Google Scholar
• Hisar, A. Ş. 1952. Ali Nizamı Beyin Alafrangalığı ve Şeyhliği. Istanbul: Hilmi Kitabevi.
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan, D. 2014. “Alevilere Atılan “Mum Söndü” İftirasının Tarihsel Kökenleri Üzerine.” Hünkâr Alevilik Bektaşilik Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi 1 (2): 41–53.
   Google Scholar
• Kara, C. 2018. Grenzen überschreitende Derwische: Kulturbeziehungen des Bektaschi-Ordens 1826–1925. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
   Google Scholar
• Karahan, B. 2012. “Repressed in Translation: Representation of Female Sexuality in Ottoman Erotica.” Journal of Turkish Literature (9): 30–45.
   Google Scholar
• Karaosmanoğlu, Y. K.1922. Nur Baba. Istanbul: Akşam Matbaası.
   Google Scholar
• Karaosmanoğlu, Y. K. 2018. Nur Baba. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
   Google Scholar
• Karaosmanoğlu, Y. K. 2023. Nur Baba: A Sufi Novel of Late Ottoman Istanbul, Translated and Edited by M. Brett Wilson. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Karay, R. H. 1956. Kadınlar Tekkesi. Istanbul: Çağlayan Yayınevi.
   Google Scholar
• Karolewski, J. 2008. “What Is Heterodox About Alevism? The Development of Anti-Alevi Discrimination and Resentment.” Die Welt des Islams 48 (3): 434–456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kılıç, G. 2020. “Turkey’s Pioneering Psychoanalyst: İzeddin Şadan’s Disquisition on (Homosexual) Love as Sickness.” On Culture: The Open Journal for the Study of Culture 9. <http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2020/15441/>.
   Google Scholar
• Klaniczay, G. 2002. “Orgy Accusations in the Middle Ages.” In Eros in Folklore, edited by M. Hoppál and E. Csonka-Takács, 38–55. Budapest: European Folklore Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Krieger, B. T. 2014. “New Evidence for the Survival of Sexually Libertine Rites Among Some Nuṣayrī-ʿAlawīs of the Nineteenth Century.” In Islamic Cultures, Islamic Contexts, edited by A. Q. Ahmed, B. Sadeghi, R. G. Hoyland and A. Silverstein. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Luschan, F. V. 1891. “What Is Heterodox About Alevism? The Development of Anti-Alevi Discrimination and Resentment.” Die Welt des Islams 48 (3): “ Die Tachtadschy und andere Ueberreste der alten Bevölkerung Lykiens.” Archiv für Anthropologie: Zeitschrift für Naturgeschichte und Urgeschichte des Menschen. Organ der deutschen Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte 19: 31–53. Quoted in Janina Karolewski. 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Moosa, M. 1987. Extremist Shiites: The Ghulat Sects. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Peters, J. P. 1889. “The Howling Dervishes.” The Magazine of Christian Literature 1:78–80.
   Google Scholar
• Riedl, M. 2012. “The Containment of Dionysos: Religion and Politics in the Bacchanalia Affair of 186 BCE.” International Political Anthropology 5 (2): 113–134.
   Google Scholar
• Safa, P. 1927. Bir Genç Kız Bektaşiler Arasında. Istanbul: Âmedî Matbaası. Quoted in Yalçın Çakmak, “Peyami Safa’nın Server Bedî İmzasıyla Kaleme Aldığı Bir Genç Kız Bektaşiler Arasında Başlıklı Hikâyesi ve Osmanlıcadan Çevirisi.” Turnalar 75 (2019).
   Google Scholar
• Schick, İ. C. 2004. “Representation of Gender and Sexuality in Ottoman and Turkish Erotic Literature.” The Turkish Studies Association Journal 28 (1/2): 81–103.
   Google Scholar
• Schick, İ. C. 2018. “What Ottoman Erotica Teaches Us About Sexual Pluralism.” The Wire, https://thewire.in/culture/what-ottoman-erotica-teaches-us-about-sexual-pluralism.
   Google Scholar
• Semerdjian, E. 2012. “Because He Is so Tender and pretty’: Sexual Deviance and Heresy in Eighteenth-Century Aleppo.” Social Identities 18 (2): 175–199.
   Google Scholar
• Silverstein, B. 2009. “Sufism and Governmentality in the Late Ottoman Empire.” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East 29 (2): 171–185.
   Google Scholar
• Şişman, C. “The Redemptive Power of Sexual Anarchy.” Association for Jewish Studies, Spring 2017, http://perspectives.ajsnet.org/transgression-issue/the-redemptive-power-of-sexual-anarchy.
   Google Scholar
• Soileau, M. 2018. Humanist Mystics: Nationalism and the Commemoration of Saints in Turkey. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
   Google Scholar
• Soileau, M. 2024. “Sufism in Republican Turkey.” In The Oxford Handbook of Religion in Turkey, C. Tee, F. Vicini, and P. C. Dorroll edited by, online edn. Oxford Academic, 23 Jan. 2024. accessed 5 Mar. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197624883.013.5
   Google Scholar
• Wagemakers, B. 2010. “Incest, Infanticide, and Cannibalism: Anti-Christian Imputations in the Roman Empire.” Greece & Rome 57 (2): 337–354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, M. B. 2017. “The Twilight of Ottoman Sufism: Antiquity, Immorality, and Nation in Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu’s Nur Baba.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 49 (2): 233–253. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743817000034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wishnitzer, A. 2021. As Night Falls Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Cities After Dark. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ze’evi, D. 2006. Producing Desire: Changing Sexual Discourse in the Ottoman Middle East, 1500–1900. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zola, E. 1947. Tazı payı. tr. Hamdi Varoğlu. Istanbul: Milli Eğitim Basımevi.
   Google Scholar