664
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The complexities of friendship: exploring how gay men make sense of their workplace friendships with straight women

Pages 79-95 | Received 22 Feb 2007, Accepted 12 Sep 2007, Published online: 21 Feb 2008

References

  • Adams , R.G. and Allan , G. , eds. 1998 . Placing friendship in context , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Allan , G. 1989 . Friendship: developing a sciological perspective , Hemel Hempstead : Harvester Wheatsheaf .
  • Allan , G. 1993 . “ Social structure and relationships ” . In Social Context and Relationships , Edited by: Duck , S. Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Anderson , D. and Berman , M. 1997 . Sex tips for straight women from a gay man , New York : HarperCollins .
  • Andrew , A. and Montague , J. 1998 . Women’s friendship at work . Women’s Studies International Forum , 21 ( 4 ) : 355 – 361 .
  • Bank , B.J. 1995 . Friendships in Australia and the United States: from feminization to a more heroic image . Gender & Society , 9 ( 1 ) : 79 – 98 .
  • Berman , E.M. , West , J.P. and Richter , M.N. 2002 . Workplace relations: friendship patterns and consequences (according to managers) . Public Administration Review , 62 ( 2 ) : 217 – 230 .
  • Bray , A. 2003 . The friend , Chicago : Chicago University Press .
  • Brewis , J. and Linstead , S. 2000 . Sex, work and sex work: eroticizing organization , London : Routledge .
  • Bridge , K. and Baxter , L. 1992 . Blended relationships: friends as work associates . Western Journal of Communication , 56 : 200 – 225 .
  • Browne , K. 2005 . Snowball sampling: using social networks to research non‐heterosexual women . International Journal of Social Research Methodology , 8 ( 1 ) : 47 – 60 .
  • Butler , J. 1990 . Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity , London : Routledge .
  • Butler , J. 1994 . Against proper objects . Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies , 6 ( 2–3 ) : 1 – 26 .
  • Butler , J. 2004 . Undoing gender , New York : Routledge .
  • Connell , R.W. 1992 . A very straight gay: masculinity, homosexual experience and the dynamics of gender . American Sociological Review , 57 (December) : 735 – 751 .
  • Connell , R.W. 1995 . Masculinities , Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Cotterill , P. 1992 . Interviewing women: issues of friendship, vulnerability, and power . Women’s Studies International , 15 ( 5–6 ) : 593 – 606 .
  • Daly , M. 1979 . Gyn/ecology , London : The Women’s Press .
  • De La Cruz , M. and Dolby , T. 2007 . Girls who like boys who like boys: true tales of love, trust, and friendship between straight women and gay men , New York : Dutton .
  • Duck , S.W. and Pond , K. 1989 . “ Friends, romans, countrymen, lend me your retrospections ” . In Close relationships , Edited by: Hendrick , C. Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Dyer , R. 1979 . Stars , London : British Film Institute .
  • Dyer , R. 2002 . The culture of queers , London : Routledge .
  • Elsesser , K. and Peplau , L.A. 2007 . The glass partition: obstacles to cross‐sex friendships at work . Human Relations , 59 ( 8 ) : 1077 – 1100 .
  • Foucault , M. 1979 . The history of sexuality, Vol 1: an introduction , London : Allen Lane .
  • Francis , D. 1990 . The significance of work friends in late life . Journal of Aging Studies , 4 ( 4 ) : 405 – 424 .
  • Fritz , J.H. 1997 . Men’s and women’s organizational peer relationships: a comparison . The Journal of Business Communication , 34 ( 1 ) : 27 – 44 .
  • Gaines , S. 1994 . Exchange of respect‐denying behaviours among male–female friendships . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 11 ( 1 ) : 5 – 24 .
  • Gee , L. 2004 . Friends: why men and women are from the same planet , London : Bloomsbury .
  • Gilligan , C. 1982 . In a different voice: psychological theory and woman’s development , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Grey , C. and Sturdy , A. 2007 . Friendship and organizational analysis: toward a research agenda . Journal of Management Inquiry , 16 ( 2 ) : 157 – 172 .
  • Granovetter , M. 1973 . The strength of weak ties . American Journal of Sociology , 78 ( 6 ) : 1360 – 1380 .
  • Greenberg , D. 1988 . The construction of homosexuality , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Grigoriou , T. 2004 . Friendship between gay men and heterosexual women: an interpretative phenomenological analysis , London : Families and Social Capital . ESRC Group Working Paper No. 5
  • Gubrium , J. and Holstein , J. , eds. 2001 . Handbook of interview research , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Heaphy , B. , Weeks , J. and Donovan , C. 1998 . ‘That’s like my life’: researching stories of non‐heterosexual relationships . Sexualities , 1 ( 4 ) : 453 – 470 .
  • Hearn , J. and Parkin , W. 1987 . Sex at work: the power and paradox of organisation , Brighton : Wheatsheaf .
  • Hearn , J. 1993 . “ Emotive subjects: organizational men, organizational masculinities and the (de)construction of ‘emotions’ ” . In Emotion in organizations , Edited by: Fineman , S. London : Sage .
  • Hearn , J. 1994 . The organization(s) of violence: men, gender relations, organizations, and violences . Human Relations , 47 ( 6 ) : 731 – 754 .
  • Hearn , J. , Sheppard , D.L. , Tancred‐Sheriff , P. and Burrell , G. 1989 . The sexuality of organization , London : Sage .
  • Hopcke , R.H. and Rafaty , L. 1999 . Straight women, gay men: absolutely fabulous friendships , Berkeley, CA : Wildcat Canyon Press .
  • Humphreys , M. and Brown , A.D. 2002 . Narratives of organizational identity and identification: a case study of hegemony and resistance . Organization Studies , 23 ( 3 ) : 421 – 447 .
  • Ingram , P. and Roberts , P.W. 2000 . Friendships among competitors in the Sydney hotel industry . American Journal of Sociology , 106 ( 2 ) : 387 – 423 .
  • Kakabadse , A. and Kakabadse , N. 2004 . Intimacy: an international survey of the sex lives of people at work , Basingstoke : Palgrave/Macmillan .
  • Kong , T.S.K. , Mahoney , D. and Plummer , K. 2001 . “ Queering the interview ” . In Handbook of interview research , Edited by: Gubrium , J. and Holstein , J. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Lincoln , J.R. and Miller , J. 1979 . Work and friendship ties in organizations: a comparative analysis of relational networks . Administrative Science Quarterly , 24 ( 1 ) : 181 – 199 .
  • Linstead , S.A. 1997 . Abjection and organization: men, violence and management . Human Relations , 50 ( 10 ) : 1115 – 1145 .
  • Maddison , S. 2000 . Fags, hags and queer sisters , Basingstoke : Macmillan Press .
  • Markiewicz , D. , Devine , I. and Kausilas , D. 2000 . Friendships of women and men at work: job satisfaction and resource implications . Journal of Managerial Psychology , 15 ( 2 ) : 161 – 184 .
  • McWilliams , S. and Howard , J.A. 1993 . Solidarity and hierarchy in cross‐sex friendships . Journal of Social Issues , 49 ( 3 ) : 191 – 203 .
  • Monsour , M. 1992 . Meanings of intimacy in cross‐sex and same‐sex friendships . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 9 : 277 – 295 .
  • Monsour , M. 1997 . “ Cross‐sex friendships across the life cycle ” . In Communication yearbook , Edited by: Burleson , B. Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Nardi , P. 1992a . “ Sex, friendship, and gender roles among gay men ” . In Men’s friendships , Edited by: Nardi , P. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Nardi , P.M. 1992b . “ That’s what friends are for: friends as family in the gay and lesbian community ” . In Modern homosexualities: fragments of gay and lesbian experience , Edited by: Plummer , K. London : Routledge .
  • Nardi , P. 1999 . Gay men’s friendships: invincible communities , Chicago : Chicago University Press .
  • Oakley , A. 1981 . “ Interviewing women: a contradiction in terms ” . In Doing feminist research , Edited by: Roberts , H. London : Routledge and Kegan Paul .
  • O’Meara , J.D. 1989 . Cross‐sex friendship: four basic challenges of an ignored relationship . Sex Roles , 21 ( 7–8 ) : 525 – 543 .
  • Oliker , S.J. 1998 . “ The modernization of friendship: individualism, intimacy, and gender in the nineteenth century ” . In Placing friendship in context , Edited by: Adams , R.G. and Allan , G. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Pettinger , L. 2005 . Friends, relations and colleagues: the blurred boundaries of the workplace . The Sociological Review , 53 ( 2 ) : 37 – 55 .
  • Rauch , K. and Fessler , J. 1995 . Why gay guys are a girl’s best friend , New York : Simon and Schuster Inc .
  • Rawlins , W. 1992 . Friendship matters , New York : Aldine de Gruyter .
  • Raymond , J. 1986 . A passion for friends: toward a philosophy of female affection , London : The Women’s Press .
  • Reeder , H.M. 2000 . ‘I like you … as a friend’: the role of attraction in cross‐sex friendship . Journal of Social and Personal Friendships , 17 ( 3 ) : 329 – 348 .
  • Reinharz , S. 1992 . Feminist methods in social research , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Rezende , C.B. 1999 . “ Building affinity through friendship ” . In The anthropology of friendship , Edited by: Bell , S. and Coleman , S. Oxford : Berg .
  • Rubin , L.B. 1985 . Just friends. The role of friendship in our lives , New York : Harper and Row .
  • Rumens , N. 2005 . “ Acting like a professional: identity dilemmas for gay men ” . In Genealogies of identity: interdisciplinary readings on sex and sexuality , Edited by: Breen , M.S. and Peters , F. Amsterdam : Rodopi .
  • Rumens , N. 2007 . “ In the company of friends: insights into gay men’s friendships at work ” . In Sexual politics of desire and belonging , Edited by: Rumens , N. and Cervantes‐Carson , A. Amsterdam : Rodopi .
  • Rumens , N. 2008 . Working at intimacy: gay men’s workplace friendships . Gender, Work and Organization , 15 ( 1 ) : 9 – 30 .
  • Russell , H. 1999 . Friends in low places: gender, unemployment and sociability . Work, Employment and Society , 13 ( 2 ) : 205 – 224 .
  • Segal , L. 1990 . Slow motion: changing masculinities, changing men , London : Virago .
  • Sedgwick , E.K. 1990 . Epistemology of the closet , Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Seidler , V.J. 1997 . Man enough: embodying masculinities , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Sias , P.M. , Smith , G. and Avdeyeva , T. 2003 . Sex and sex‐composition differences and similarities in peer workplace friendship development . Communication Studies , 54 ( 3 ) : 322 – 340 .
  • Singleton , D. 2005 . Behind every great woman there’s a fabulous gay man: advice from a guy who gives it to you straight , New York : Penguin .
  • Spencer , L. and Pahl , R. 2006 . Rethinking friendship: hidden solidarities today , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Stanley , L. and Wise , S. 1993 . Breaking out again: feminist ontology and epistemology , Abingdon : Routledge .
  • Stuart , E. 1995 . Just good friends: towards a lesbian and gay theology of relationships , London : Mowbray .
  • Suttles , G.D. 1970 . “ Friendship as a social interaction ” . In Social relationships , Edited by: McCall , G.J. , McCall , M.M. , Denzin , N.K. , Suttles , G.D. and Kurth , S.B. Chicago : Aldine .
  • Swain , S.O. 1992 . “ Men’s friendships with women: intimacy, sexual boundaries, and the informant role ” . In Men’s friendships , Edited by: Nardi , P. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Tillmann‐Healy , L.M. 2001 . Between gay and straight: understanding friendship across sexual orientation , Walnut Creek, CA : AltaMira Press .
  • Ward , J. 2000 . “ Queer sexism: rethinking gay men and masculinity ” . In Gay masculinities , Edited by: Nardi , P. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Ward , J. and Winstanley , D. 2003 . The absent present: negative space within discourse and the construction of minority sexual identity in the workplace . Human Relations , 56 ( 10 ) : 1255 – 1280 .
  • Warner , M. 1993 . Fear of a queer planet: queer politics and social theory , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota .
  • Weeks , J. 1995 . Invented moralities: sexual values in an age of uncertainty , London : Routledge .
  • Weeks , J. 2003 . Sexuality , London : Routledge .
  • Weeks , J. , Heaphy , B. and Donovan , C. 2001 . Same‐sex intimacies: families of choice and other life experiments , London : Routledge .
  • Weinstock , J.S. 1998 . “ Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender friendships in adulthood ” . In Lesbian, gay, and bisexual identities in families , Edited by: Patterson , C.J. and D’Augelli , A.R. New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Werking , K. 1997 . We’re just good friends , New York : Guilford Press .
  • Whitehead , S. 2002 . Men and masculinities , Cambridge : Polity Press .
  • Whitney , C. 1990 . Uncommon lives: gay men and straight women , New York : Plume .
  • Woods , J.D. and Lucas , J.H. 1993 . The corporate closet: the professional lives of gay men in America , New York : The Free Press .
  • Wright , P.H. 1985 . “ The acquaintance description form ” . In Understanding personal relationships: an interdisciplinary approach , Edited by: Duck , S. and Perlman , D. London : Sage .
  • Zorn , T.E. 1995 . “ Bosses and buddies: constructing and performing simultaneously hierarchical and close friendship relationships ” . In Under‐studied relationships , Edited by: Wood , J.T. and Duck , S. 122 – 147 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.