Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in reducing influenza-associated hospitalizations and deaths among the elderly population; Lazio region, Italy, season 2016-2017

References

• World Health Organization (WHO). Influenza (Seasonal). [ cited 2020 Jan 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(seasonal)#targetText=Worldwide%2C%20these%20annual%20epidemics%20are,65%20or%20older%20(1)
   Google Scholar
• Vestergaard LS, Nielsen J, Krause TG, et al. Excess all-cause and influenza-attributable mortality in Europe, December 2016 to February 2017. Euro Surveill. 2017;22(14):30506.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Müller-Pebody B, Crowcroft RS, Zambon MC, et al. Modelling hospital admissions for lower respiratory tract infections in the elderly in England. Epidemiol Infect. 2006;134(6):1150–1157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitman RJ, Melegaro A, Gelb D, et al. Assessing the burden of influenza and other respiratory infections in England and Wales. J Infect. 2007;54(6):530–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Seasonal influenza, 2017–2018. Stockholm: ECDC; 2018 [cited 2020 Mar 4]. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/AER_for_2017-seasonal-influenza.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rosano A, Bella A, Gesualdo F, et al. Investigating the impact of influenza on excess mortality in all ages in Italy during recent seasons (2013/14–2016/17 seasons). Int J Infect Dis. 2019;88:127–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demicheli V, Jefferson T, Di Pietrantonj C, et al. Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly. Chocrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;2:CD004876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols MK, Andrew MK, Hatchette TF, et al. Influenza vaccine effectiveness to prevent influenza-related hospitalizations and serious outcomes in Canadian adults over the 2011/12 through 2013/14 influenza seasons: a pooled analysis from the Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) Serious Outcome Surveillance (SOS Network). Vaccine. 2018;36(16):2166–2175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rondy M, El Omeiri N, Thompson MG, et al. Effectiveness of influenza vaccines in preventing severe influenza illness among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design case-control studies. J Infect. 2017;75(5):381–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casado I, Domínguez A, Toledo D, et al. Repeated influenza vaccination for preventing severe and fatal influenza infection in older adults: a multicentre case-control study. CMAJ. 2018;190(1):E3–E12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). Vaccines against influenza WHO position paper – November 2012. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2012;87(47):461–476.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• European Commission (EC). State of play on implementation of the Council Recommendation of 22 December 2009 on seasonal influenza vaccination (2009/1019/EU). Working document SWD(2014) 8 final. Brussels: EC; 2014 [cited 2020 Jan 9]. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/health/vaccination/docs/seasonflu_staffwd2014_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Italian Ministry of Health (MOH). Prevenzione e controllo dell’influenza: raccomandazioni per la stagione 2018–2019 [Influenza prevention and control: recommendations for the 2018–2019 season]. Rome: MOH; 2018. Italian. [cited 2020 Jan 9]. Available from: http://www.trovanorme.salute.gov.it/norme/renderNormsanPdf?anno=2018&codLeg=64381&parte=1%20&serie=null
   Google Scholar
• Bella A, Gesualdo F, Orsi A, et al. Effectiveness of the trivalent MF59 adjuvanted influenza vaccine in preventing hospitalization due to influenza B and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in the elderly in Italy, 2017–2018 season. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2019;18(6):671–679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valent F, Gallo T. Influenza vaccine effectiveness in an Italian elderly population during the 2016–2017 season. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2018;54(1):67–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellino S, Piovesan C, Bella A, et al. Determinants of vaccination uptake, and influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing deaths and hospital admissions in the elderly population; Treviso, Italy, 2014/2015–2016/2017 seasons. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019 [cited 2020 Jan 9];12. DOI:10.1080/21645515.2019.1661754
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo A. Studio di popolazione per la valutazione dell’efficacia della vaccinazione antinfluenzale 2014–2015 [A population study to evaluate the efficacy of influenza vaccination, 2014–2015]. Epidemiol Prev. 2015;39(4):234–242. Italian.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gasparini R, Amicizia D, Lai PL, et al. Effectiveness of adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccines (Inflexal V® and Fluad®) in preventing hospitalization for influenza and pneumonia in the elderly: a matched case-control study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013;9(1):144–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT). Demography in figures. [ cited 2020 Jan 9]. Available from: http://demo.istat.it/bil2017/index_e.html
   Google Scholar
• Lazio Region. Prevenzione e controllo dell’influenza. Campagna di vaccinazione antinfluenzale e sorveglianza epidemiologica e virologica dell’influenza per la stagione 2016–2017 [Influenza prevention and control. Influenza vaccination campaign and influenza epidemiological and virological surveillance for the 2016–2017 season]. Rome: Lazio Region; 2016. Ad acta commissioner decree U00285. Italian. [cited 2020 Jan 9]. Available from: http://www.regione.lazio.it/binary/rl_sanita/tbl_normativa/SAN_DCA_U00285_23_09_2016.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lazio Region, Department of Epidemiology. Stato di salute della popolazione residente nella regione Lazio [Health status of the population residing in the Lazio region]. Italian. [ cited 2020 Jan 9]. Available from: https://www.statosalutelazio.it/salute/
   Google Scholar
• Bella A La sorveglianza epidemiologica dell’influenza (Influnet) in Italia: I risultati della stagione 2016–17 [The influenza epidemiological surveillance (Influnet) in Italy: results for the 2016–2017 season]. Bollettino Epidemiologico Nazionale. 2017 May. Italian. [cited 2020 Jan 9]. Available from: https://www.epicentro.iss.it/ben/2017/maggio/1
   Google Scholar
• Bertolani A, Fattori G, Pregliasco F. The hospitalization burden of influenza: just the tip of the iceberg? Global Reg Health Technol Assess. 2018;XX:1–9. Italian.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, et al. Influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States. JAMA. 2004;292(11):1333–1340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halfon P, Eggli Y, Decollogny A, et al. Disease identification based on ambulatory drugs dispensation and in-hospital ICD-10 diagnoses: a comparison. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Italian Republic. Elenco malattie e condizioni croniche invalidanti [List of disabling diseases and health conditions]. Rome: Italian Republic; 2017. Supplement n. 15 of the Official Gazette – General Series 65, Enclosure 8, 18 March 2017. Italian. [cited 2020 Jan 9]. Available from: https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/do/atto/serie_generale/caricaPdf?cdimg=17A0201501300010110001&dgu=2017-03-18&art.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2017-03-18&art.codiceRedazionale=17A02015&art.num=1&art.tiposerie=SG
   Google Scholar
• Chini F, Pezzotti P, Orzella L, et al. Can we use the pharmacy data to estimate the prevalence of chronic conditions? A comparison of multiple data sources. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:688.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Timing of influenza vaccination. [ cited 2020 Jan 9]. Available from: https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/seasonal-influenza/prevention-and-control/vaccines/timing
   Google Scholar
• Vega T, Lozano EJ, Meerhoff T, et al. Influenza surveillance in Europe: establishing epidemic thresholds by the moving epidemic method. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013;7(4):546–558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rondy M, Gherasim A, Casado I, et al. Low 2016/17 season vaccine effectiveness against hospitalised influenza A(H3N2) among elderly: awareness warranted for 2017/18 season. Euro Surveill. 2017;22(41):17–00645.
   Google Scholar
• Italian Ministry of Health (MOH). Prevenzione e controllo dell’influenza: raccomandazioni per la stagione 2017–2018. [Influenza prevention and control: recommendations for the 2017–2018 season]. Rome: MOH; 2018. Italian. [cited 2020 Jan 9]. Available from: http://old.iss.it/binary/fluv/cont/60180_1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Pebody R, Warburton F, Ellis J, et al. End-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness in adults and children, United Kingdom, 2016/17. Euro Surveill. 2017;22(44):17–00306.
   Google Scholar
• Goronzy JJ, Fulbright JW, Crowson CS, et al. Value of immunological markers in predicting responsiveness to influenza vaccination in elderly individuals. J Virol. 2001;75:12182–12187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallejo AN. Immune remodeling: lessons from repertoire alterations during chronological aging and in immune-mediated disease. Trends Mol Med. 2007;13:94–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belongia EA, Skowronski DM, McLean HQ, et al., Repeated annual influenza vaccination and vaccine effectiveness review of evidence. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2017;16(7):723–736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsay LC, Buchan SA, Stirling RG, et al. The impact of repeated vaccination on influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2019;17:9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez-Baz I, Navascués A, Casado I, et al. Remaining effect of influenza vaccines received in prior seasons. J Infect Dis. 2019;220(7):1136–1140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan SG, Kelly H. Stratified estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness by prior vaccination: caution required. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(3):474–476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spadea A, Unim B, Colamesta V, et al. Is the adjuvanted influenza vaccine more effective than the trivalent inactivated vaccine in the elderly population? Result of a case-control study. Vaccine. 2014;32(41):5290–5294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domnich A, Arata L, Amicizia D, et al. Effectiveness of MF59-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2017;35(4):513–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiazGranados CA, Dunning AJ, Kimmel M, et al., Efficacy of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccine in older adults. N Engl J Med. 2015;371(7):635–645.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr IG, Donis RO, Katz JM, et al. Cell culture-derived influenza vaccines in the severe 2017–2018 epidemic season: a step towards improved influenza vaccine effectiveness. NPJ Vaccines. 2018;3:44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson K, Wei Y, Szwajcer A, et al. Efficacy and safety of high-dose influenza vaccine in elderly adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2017;35:2775–2780.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunkle LM, Izikson R, Patriarca P, et al. Efficacy of recombinant influenza vaccine in adults 50 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:2427–2436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonsen L, Taylor RJ, Viboud C, et al. Mortality benefits of influenza vaccination in elderly people: an ongoing controversy. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7:658–666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casado I, Martínez-Baz I, Floristán Y, et al. Cause of death in hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza. An Sist Sanit Navar. 2015;38(2):263–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar