Athletics

References

• Baumann , W. 1976 . “ Kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the sprint start ” . In Biomechanics V‐B , Edited by: Komi , P.V. 194 – 199 . Baltimore : University Park Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cavagna , G. A. , Komarek , L. and Mazzoleni , S. 1971 . The mechanics of sprint running . Journal of Physiology , 217 : 709 – 721 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson , B. , Fitzsimons , M. , Green , S. , Goodman , C. , Carey , M. and Cole , K. 1998 . Changes in performance, muscle metabolites, enzymes and fibre types after short sprint training . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 78 : 163 – 169 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desiprés , M. 1973 . Comparison of the kneeling and standing sprint starts . Medicine and Sport , 8 : 364 – 369 .
   Google Scholar
• Gagnon , M. 1978 . “ Akinetic analysis of the kneeling and the standing starts in female sprinters of different ability ” . In Biomechanics VI‐B , Edited by: Asmussen , E. and Jorgensen , K. 46 – 50 . Baltimore : University Park Press .
   Google Scholar
• Guissard , N. and Duchateau , J. 1990 . Electromyography of the sprint start . Journal of Human Movement Studies , 18 : 97 – 106 .
   Google Scholar
• Guissard , N. , Duchateau , J. and Hainaut , K. 1992 . EMG and mechanical changes during sprint starts at different front block obliquities . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 24 : 1257 – 1263 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harland , M. J. and Steele , J. R. 1997 . Biomechanics of the Sprint Start . Sports Medicine , 23 : 11 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry , F. M. 1952 . Force‐time characteristics of the sprint start . Research Quarterly , 23 : 301 – 318 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IAAF . 2002 . Official handbook 2002‐2003 , 112 – 113 . Monaco : International Association of Athletics Federations .
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs , R. , van , Ingen and Schenau , G. J. 1992 . Intermuscular coordination in a sprint push‐off . Journal of Biomechanics , 25 : 953 – 965 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraan , G. A. , van Veen , I. , Snijders , C. J. and Storm , J. 2001 . Starting from standing; why step backwards? . Journal of Biomechanics , 34 : 211 – 215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mero , A. and Komi , P. V. 1990 . Reaction time and electromyographic activity during a sprint start . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 61 : 73 – 80 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mero , A. , Luhtanen , P. and Komi , P. V. 1983 . A biomechanical study of the sprint start . Scandinavian Journal of Sports Science , 5 : 20 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Ostarello , A. G. 2001 . “ Effectiveness of three sprint starts: A longitudinal case study ” . In Proceedings of Oral Sessions: XIX International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports , Edited by: Blackwell , I. R. 83 – 86 . San Francisco : University of San Francisco .
   Google Scholar
• Schot , P. K. and Knutzen , K. M. 1992 . A biomechanical analysis of four sprint start positions . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 63 : 137 – 147 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woltring , H. J. 1986 . A Fortran package for generalised, cross‐validatory spline smoothing and differentiation . Advances in Engineering Software , 8 (2) : 104 – 113 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeadon , M. R. , Kato , T. and Kerwin , D. G. 1999 . Measuring running speed using photocells . Journal of Sports Sciences , 17 : 249 – 257 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zatsiorsky , V. and Seluyanov , V. 1983 . “ The mass and inertia characteristics of the main segments of the human body ” . In Biomechanics VIII‐B , Edited by: Matsui , H. and Kobayashi , K. 1152 – 1159 . Champaign : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar