1,932
Views
38
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Golf

Three-dimensional trunk kinematics in golf: between-club differences and relationships to clubhead speed

, , &
Pages 108-120 | Received 10 Feb 2011, Accepted 04 Sep 2012, Published online: 11 Oct 2012

References

  • Adlington , G. S. 1996 . Proper swing technique and biomechanics of golf . Clinics in Sports Medicine , 15 : 9 – 26 .
  • Atkinson , G. and Nevill , A. 1997 . Comment on the use of concordance correlation to assess the agreement between two variables . Journal of Biometrics , 53 : 775 – 777 .
  • Ball , K. and Best , R. 2007 . Different centre of pressure patterns within the golf stroke II: Group-based analysis . Journal of Sports Sciences , 24 : 1 – 9 .
  • Betzler, N. F. (2010). The effect of differing shaft dynamics on the biomechanics of the golf swing (PhD thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2010). Retrieved from http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/3743/
  • Bulbulian , D. , Seaman , K. and Ball , K. 2001 . The short golf backswing: Effects on performance and spinal health implications . Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics , 24 : 569 – 575 .
  • Burnett , A. F. , Barrett , C. J. , Marshall , R. N. , Elliott , B. C. and Day , R. E. 1998 . Three-dimensional measurement of lumbar spine kinematics for fast bowlers in cricket . Clinical Biomechanics , 13 : 574 – 583 .
  • Burnett , A. , O'Sullivan , P. , Ankarberg , L. , Gooding , M. , Nelis , R. , Offermann , F. and Persson , J. 2008 . Lower lumbar spine axial rotation is reduced in end-range sagittal postures when compared to a neutral spine posture . Manual Therapy , 13 : 300 – 306 .
  • Cheetham , P. , Martin , P. and Mottram , R. 1994 . “ The importance of stretching the “X-factor” in the downswing of golf: The “X-factor stretch” . In Optimising performance in golf , 4th ed. , Edited by: Thomas , P. R. 192 – 199 . Brisbane : Australian Academic Press Ltd .
  • Chu , Y. , Sell , T. C. and Lephart , S. M. 2010 . The relationship between biomechanical variables and driving performance during the golf swing . Journal of Sports Sciences , 28 : 1251 – 1259 .
  • Doan , B. K. , Newton , R. U. , Kwon , Y. and Kraemer , W. J. 2006 . Effects of physical conditioning on intercollegiate golfer performance . Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research , 20 : 62 – 72 .
  • Egret , C. I. , Vincent , O. , Weber , J. , Dujardin , F. H. and Chollet , D. 2003 . Analysis of 3D kinematics concerning three different clubs in golf swing . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 24 : 465 – 470 .
  • Fedorcik , G. G. , Queen , R. M. , Abbey , A. N. , Moorman , C. T. and Ruch , D. S. 2011 . Differences in wrist mechanics during the golf swing based on golf handicap . Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport , 15 ( 3 ) : 250 – 254 .
  • Fleiss , J. L. 1986 . The design and analysis of clinical experiments , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Fradkin , A. J. , Sherman , C. A. and Finch , C. F. 2004 . How well does club head speed correlate with golf handicaps? . Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport , 7 : 465 – 472 .
  • Garcier , J. M. , Poumarat , G. , Vacheron , J. J. , Guillot , M. , Harmand , Y. , Monnet , J. P. and Vanneuville , G. 1999 . Role of hip abduction in the kinetics of the thoracic and lumbar spine . Journal of Surgery, Radiology and Anatomy , 21 : 401 – 403 .
  • Gluck , G. S. , Bendo , J. A. and Spivak , J. M. 2007 . The lumbar spine and low back pain in golf: A literature review of swing biomechanics and injury prevention . The Spine Journal , 7 : 1 – 11 .
  • Gordon , B. S. , Moir , G. L. , Davis , S. E. , Witmer , C. A. and Cummings , D. M. 2009 . An investigation into the relationship of flexibility, power, and strength to club head speed in male golfers . Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research , 23 : 1606 – 1610 .
  • Gstoettner , M. , Sekyra , K. , Walochnik , N. , Winter , P. , Watcher , R. and Bach , C. M. 2007 . Inter- and intraobserver reliability assessment of the Cobb angle: Manual versus digital measurement tools . European Spine Journal , 16 : 1587 – 1592 .
  • Hellstrom , J. 2009 . Competitive elite golf: A review of the relationships between playing results, technique and physique . Sports Medicine , 39 : 723 – 741 .
  • Hocknell , A. 2002 . High performance driver design: Benefits for all golfers . Journal of Sports Sciences , 20 : 643 – 649 .
  • Horan , S. A. , Evans , K. , Morris , M. R. and Kavanagh , J. J. 2010 . Thorax and pelvis kinematics during the downswing of male and female skilled golfers . Journal of Biomechanics , 43 : 1456 – 1462 .
  • Hsu , C. J. , Cheng , J. W. , Chiou , C. P. , Chang , W. N. and Wong , C. Y. 2008 . Measurement of spinal range of motion in healthy individuals using an electromagnetic tracking device . Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine , 8 : 135 – 142 .
  • Hume , P. A. , Keogh , J. and Reid , D. 2005 . The role of biomechanics in maximising distance and accuracy of golf shots . Sports Medicine , 35 : 429 – 449 .
  • Joyce , C. , Burnett , A. F. and Ball , K. 2010 . Methodological considerations for the 3D measurement of the X-factor and lower trunk movement in golf . Sports Biomechanics , 9 : 206 – 221 .
  • Kawashima , K. , Kato , K. and Miyazaki , M. 2003 . Body size and somatotype characteristics of male golfers in Japan . Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness , 43 : 334 – 341 .
  • Kemp, W. J. (2005). Defending golf courses against technology: The impact of modern golf equipment on the design of golf courses (Masters dissertation, University of Texas, Arlington, 2005). Retrieved from http://www.oregonpdf.org/pdf/RC591Kemp(19-1).pdf
  • Kenny , I. C. , McCloy , A. J. , Wallace , E. S. and Otto , S. R. 2008 . Influence of shaft length on golf driving performance . Sports Biomechanics , 7 : 322 – 332 .
  • Keogh , J. W. L. , Marnewick , M. C. , Maulder , P. S. , Nortje , J. P. , Hume , P. A. and Bradshaw , E. J. 2009 . Are anthropometric, flexibility, muscular strength, and endurance variables related to clubhead velocity in low and high handicap golfers . Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research , 23 : 1841 – 1850 .
  • Lephart , S. M. , Smoliga , J. M. , Myers , J. B. , Sell , T. C. and Tsai , Y. 2007 . Eight-week golf-specific exercise program improves physical characteristics, swing mechanics, and golf performance in recreational golfers . Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research , 21 : 860 – 869 .
  • Lindsay , D. M. , Horton , J. F. and Paley , R. D. 2002 . Trunk motion of male professional golfers using two different clubs . Journal of Applied Biomechanics , 18 : 366 – 373 .
  • McHardy , A. , Pollard , H. and Bayley , G. 2006 . A comparison of the modern and classic golf swing: A clinician's perspective . South African Journal of Sports Medicine , 18 : 80 – 92 .
  • Myers , J. , Lephart , S. , Tsai , Y. S. , Sell , T. , Smoliga , J. and Jolly , J. 2007 . The role of upper torso and pelvis rotation in driving performance during the golf swing . Journal of Sport Sciences , 26 : 181 – 188 .
  • Norman , G. R. and Streiner , D. L. 2003 . PDQ—Pretty Darned Quick Statistics , London : BD Decker Inc .
  • Ranson , C. A. , Burnett , A. F. , King , M. , Patel , N. and O'Sullivan , P. B. 2008 . The relationship between bowling action classification and three-dimensional lower trunk motion in fast bowlers in cricket . Journal of Sports Sciences , 26 : 267 – 276 .
  • Tabachnick , B. G. and Fidell , L. S. 1996 . Using multivariate statistics , New York : Harper-Collins .
  • Teu , K. K. , Kim , W. , Fuss , F. K. and Tan , J. 2006 . The analysis of golf swing as a kinematic chain using dual Euler angle algorithm . Journal of Biomechanics , 39 : 1227 – 1238 .
  • Wallace , E. S. , Otto , S. R. and Nevill , A. 2007 . Ball launch conditions for skilled golfers using drivers of different lengths in an indoor testing facility . Journal of Sports Sciences , 7 : 731 – 737 .
  • Watanabe , K. , Kuoki , S. , Hokari , M. and Nishizawa , S. 1999 . “ Golf swing and skill ” . In Science and golf III: Proceedings of the World Scientific Congress on Golf , Edited by: Cochrane , A. J. and Farrally , M. R. 29 – 39 . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Wells , G. D. , Elmi , M. and Thomas , S. 2009 . Physiological correlates of golf performance . Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research , 23 : 741 – 750 .
  • Wheat , J. S. , Vernon , T. and Milner , C. E. 2007 . The measurement of upper body alignment in the golf drive . Journal of Sports Sciences , 25 : 749 – 755 .
  • Wiseman , F. and Chatterjee , S. 2006 . Comprehensive analysis of golf performance on the PGA Tour: 1990–2004 . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 102 : 109 – 117 .
  • Worobets , J. T. and Stefanyshyn , D. J. 2007 . Stiffness significantly influences golf clubhead speed at impact . Journal of Biomechanics , 40 ( S2 ) : 279

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.