References
- Ae, M., Miyashita, K., Yokoi, T., Ohki, S., & Shibukawa, K. (1986). Mechanical powers and contributions of the lower limb muscles during running at different speeds (in Japanese). Bull Health & Sports Sciences, 9, 229–239. University of Tsukuba.
- Ae, M. (1994a). Biomechanics research project of JAAF in the 3rd world championships in athletics, Tokyo 1991. (in Japanese). In H. Sasaki, K. Kobayashi, & M. Ae (Eds.), Techniques of world-top athletes (pp. 10–12). Baseball Magazine Co. Ltd.
- Ae, M., Ohki, S., & Takamatsu, J. (1994b). Contributions of lower limb joints and level of power output in vertical jump and landing. (in Japanese) Biomechanism. In Biomechanism (12ed., pp. 97–108). Tokyo University Press.
- Ae, M., Muraki, Y., Koyama, H., & Fujii, N. (2007). A biomechanical method to establish a standard motion and identify critical motion by motion variability: With examples of high jump and sprint running. Bull Health & Sports Sciences, 30, 5–12. University of Tsukuba.
- Ae, M., & Kobayashi, Y. (2011). Generality and individuality in movement techniques. (in Japanese). Japan Journal of Biomechanics in Sport and Exercise, 15, 88–95.
- Ae, M. (2013). Standard motion and the database of basic movements for the Japanese (in Japanese). (A final report of Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, (Grand no. 21240061)). Japan Society for The Promotion of Science.
- Borysiewicz, M., Bucka, J., & Komor, A. (1981). Optimization of sports techniques using the example of weightlifting. Biomechanics VII-B (pp. 305–312). Human Kinetics Publishers.
- Chapman, A. E., & Caldwell, G. E. (1983a). Factors determining changes in lower limb energy during swing in treadmill running. Journal of Biomechanics, 16, 69–77. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(83)90047-7
- Chapman, A. E., & Caldwell, G. E. (1983b). Kinetic limitations of maximal sprinting speed. Journal of Biomechanics, Journal of Biomechanics, 16, 79–83. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(83)90048-9
- Chumanov, E. S., Heiderscheit, B. C., & Thelen, D. G. (2007). The effect of speed and influence of individual muscles on hamstring mechanics during the swing phase of sprinting. Journal of Biomechanics, 40, 3555–3562. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.05.026
- Chumanov, E. S., Heiderscheit, B. C., & Thelen, D. G. (2011). Hamstring musculotendon dynamics during stance and swing phases of high-speed running. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43, 525–532. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181f23fe8
- Dillman, C. J. (1975). Kinematic analysis of running. In Wilmore, J. H., & Krogh, J. F. (Eds.), Exercise and sport sciences reviews (Vol. 3, pp. 193–218). Academic Press.
- Dorn, T. W., Schache, A. G., & Pandy, M. G. (2012). Muscular strategy shift in human running: Dependence of running speed on hip and ankle muscle performance. Journal of Experimental Biology, 215, 1944–1956. doi:10.1242/jeb.064527
- Fukashiro, S., Wakayama, A., Kojima, T., Ito, N., Arai, T., Iiboshi, A., Fuchimoto, T., & Tan, H. P. (1994). Biomechanical analysis of the long jump (in Japanese). In H. Sasaki, K. Kobayashi, & M. Ae (Eds.), Techniques of world-top athletes (pp. 135–151). Baseball Magazine Co. Ltd.
- Hatze, H. (1973). Optimization of human motions. In S. Cerquiglini, A. Venerando, & J. Wartenweiler (Eds.), Biomechanics III (pp. 138–142). S. Karger AG.
- Hatze, H. (1986). Motion variability-Its definition, quantification, and origin. Journal of Motor Behavior, 18, 5–16. doi:10.1080/00222895.1986.10735368
- Hatze, H. (1995). The extended transentropy function as a useful quantifier of human motion variability. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 27, 751–759. doi:10.1249/00005768-199505000-00019
- Hay, J. G., & Reid, J. G. (1982). The anatomical and mechanical bases of human motion (pp. 261–278). Prentice-Hall.
- Ito, A., Saito, M., Sagawa, K., Kato, K., Morita, M., & Ogiso, K. (1994). Analysis of techniques for world-top sprinters (in Japanese). In H. Sasaki, K. Kobayashi, & M. Ae (Eds.), Techniques of world-top athletes (pp. 31–49). Baseball Magazine Co. Ltd.
- JAAF (The Japan Associations of Athletic Federations). (2010). Performance and techniques of world-top athletes. Report of Japan Biomechanics Research Project in IAAF World Championships in Athletics, Osaka 2007 (in Japanese, partially in English) (Ed) The Japan Associations of Athletic Federations.
- Knudson, D. V., & Morrison, C. S. (1997). Qualitative analysis of human movement (1st ed.). Human Kinetics Publishers.
- Knudson, D. V., & Morrison, C. S. (2002). Qualitative analysis of human movement (2nd ed.). Human Kinetics Publishers.
- Knudson, D. V. (2013). Qualitative diagnosis of human movement: Improving performance in sport and exercise (3rd ed.). Human Kinetics Publishers.
- Lees, A. (2002). Technique analysis in sports: A critical review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20, 813–828. doi:10.1080/026404102320675657
- Matsuo, A., Hirokawa, R., Yanagiya, T., Sugita, M., Tsuchie, H., & Ae, M. (2010) The analysis of 100 m races (in Japanese). In Report of Japan biomechanics research project in IAAF World Championships in Athletics, Osaka 2007 (pp. 5–17). The Japan Association of Athletic Federations.
- Murata, K., Ae, M., Uchiyama, H., & Fujii, N. (2008). A biomechanical method to quantify motion deviation in the evaluation of sports techniques using the example of a basketball set shot. Bulletin Health & Sports Sciences, 31, 91–99. University of Tsukuba.
- Pandy, M. G., & Zajac, F. E. (1991). Optimal muscular coordination strategies for jumping. Journal of Biomechanics, 24, 1–10. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(91)90321-D
- Saito, Y. (2008). Qualification of the characteristic velocity change in the 100m sprint. Master’s thesis, Program of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba.
- Schache, A. G., Blanch, P. D., Dorn, T. W., Brown, N. A. T., Rosemond, D., & Pandy, M. G. (2011). Effect of running speed on lower limb joint kinetics. . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43, 1260–1271. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182084929
- Schache, A. G., Dorn, T. W., Williams, G. P., Brown, N. A. T., & Pandy, M. G. (2014). Lower-limb muscular strategies for increasing running speed. Journal of Orthopedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 44, 813–824. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5433
- Shimizu, Y., Ae, M., Fujii, N., & Koyama, H. (2018). Technique types of preparatory and take-off motions for elite male long jumpers. International Journal of Sport and Health Science, 16, 200–210. doi:10.5432/ijshs.201817
- Vaughan, C. L., Hay, J. G., & Andrews, J. G. (1982). Closed loop problem in biomechanics Part II – An optimization approach-. Journal of Biomechanics, 15, 201–210. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(82)90253-6
- Weyand, P. G., Sternlight, D. B., Bellizzi, M. J., & Wright, S. (2000). Faster top running speeds are achieved with greater ground reaction forces not more rapid leg movements. Journal of Applied Physiology, 89, 1991–1999. doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.89.5.1991
- Winter, D. A. (1984). Kinematic and kinetic patterns in human gait: Variability and compensating effects. Human Movement Science, 3, 51–76. doi:10.1016/0167-9457(84)90005-8
- Wood, G. A., Marshall, R. N., & Jennings, L. S. (1987). Optimal requirements and injury propensity of lower limb mechanics in sprint running. Biomechanics X-B (pp. 869–873). Human Kinetics Publishers.
- Yamazaki, N., & Hase, K. (1992). Biomechanical motion decision criterion for stride frequency and stride length in free walking. (in Japanese) Biomechanism 11 (Ed) the society of biomechanisms (pp. 179–190). Tokyo University Press.
- Yata, K., Ae, M., Tanigawa, S., Ito, A., Fukuda, A., & Kishima, K. (2011). Comparison of sprint running motion between male elite and student sprinters with standard motion model. (in Japanese). Research Quarterly for Athletics, 87, 10–16.
- Yokozawa, T., Fujii, N., & Ae, M. (2007). Muscle activities of the lower limb during level and uphill running. Journal of Biomechanics, 40, 3467–3475. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.05.028