The role of the biomechanics analyst in swimming training and competition analysis

References

• Allen, S. V., Vandenbogaerde, T. J., & Hopkins, W. G. (2014). Career performance trajectories of Olympic swimmers: Benchmarks for talent development. European Journal of Sport Science, 14(7), 643–651. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2014.893020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen, S. V., Vandenbogaerde, T. J., Pyne, D. B., & Hopkins, W. G. (2015). Predicting a nation’s Olympic-qualifying swimmers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(4), 431–435. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arellano, R., Pardillo, S., & Gavilan, A. (2002, July). Underwater undulatory swimming: Kinematic characteristics, vortex generation and application during the start, turn and swimming strokes. In Proceedings of the XXth international symposium on biomechanics in sports (pp. 29–41). Universidad de Extremadura, Caceras.
   Google Scholar
• Arellano, R., Ruiz-Teba, A., Morales, E., Gay, A., & Cuenca-Fernandez, F. (2018). Short course 50m female freestyle performance comparison between national and regional swimmers. XIIIth International Symposium on Biomechanics And Medicine In Swimming Proceedings. (pp. 248–355). Tsukuba: Japanese Society of Sciences in Swimming and Water Exercise.
   Google Scholar
• Aspenes, S. T., & Karlsen, T. (2012). Exercise-training intervention studies in competitive swimming. Sports Medicine, 42(6), 527–543. https://doi.org/10.2165/11630760-000000000-00000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balius, X., Ferrer, V., Roig, A., Arellano, R., De la Fuente, B., Morales, E., & .Sanchez, J. A. (2008). A semi-automatic competition analysis tool for swimming. Impact of Technology on Sports, II, 583–586.
   Google Scholar
• Barbosa, A. C., Barroso, R., Olstad, B. H., & Andrade, A.G . (2021). Long-term changes in the speed curve of a world-class butterfly swimmer. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 61(1), 152–158. https://doi.org/10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11557-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbosa, A. C., Ferreira, T. H., Leis, L. V., Gourgoulis, V., & Barroso, R. (2020a). Does a 4-week training period with hand paddles affect front-crawl swimming performance? Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(5), 511–517. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1710382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbosa, A. C., Valadão, P. F., Wilke, C. F., De Martins, F. S., Silva, D. C. P., Volkers, S. A., Lima, C. O. V., Ribeiro, J. R. C., Bittencourt, N. F., & Barroso, R. (2019). The road to 21 seconds: A case report of a 2016 Olympic swimming sprinter. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 14(3), 393–405. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954119828885
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbosa, T. M., Bragada, J. A., Reis, V. M., Marinho, D. A., Carvalho, C., & Silva, A. J. (2010). Energetics and biomechanics as determining factors of swimming performance: Updating the state of the art. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(2), 262–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2009.01.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbosa, T. M., Goh, W. X., Morais, J. E., Costa, M. J., & Pendergast, D. (2016). Comparison of classical kinematics, entropy, and fractal properties as measures of complexity of the motor system in swimming. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1566. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01566
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbosa, T. M., & Hodierne, H. (2018). Analysis if Adam Peaty will break 57 seconds in the 100 Breaststroke. Swimming Science. Retrieved April 30, 2018, from https://www.swimmingscience.net/analysis-if-adam-peaty-will-break-57-seconds-in-the-100-breaststroke/
   Google Scholar
• Barbosa, T. M., Morais, J. E., Marques, M. C., Costa, M. J., & Marinho, D. A. (2015). The power output and sprinting performance of young swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(2), 440–450. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbosa, T. M., Yam, J. W., Lum, D., Balasekaran, G., & Marinho, D. A. (2020c). Arm-pull thrust in human swimming and the effect of post-activation potentiation. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 8464. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65494-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beach, M. L., Whitney, S. L., & Dickoff-Hoffman, S. A. (1992). Relationship of shoulder flexibility, strength, and endurance to shoulder pain in competitive swimmers. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 16(6), 262–268. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1992.16.6.262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beretić, I., Đurović, M., Okičić, T., & Dopsaj, M. (2013). Relations between lower body isometric muscle force characteristics and start performance in elite male sprint swimmers. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 12(4), 639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop, D., Burnett, A., Farrow, D., Gabbett, T., & Newton, R. (2006). Sports-science roundtable: Does sports-science research influence practice? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 1(2), 161–168. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.1.2.161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchheit, M. (2016). Chasing the 0.2. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(4), 417–418. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchheit, M. (2017a). Houston, we still have a problem. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(4), 1111–1114. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0422
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buchheit, M. (2017b). Want to see my report, coach. In Aspetar (Ed.), Aspetar Sport Medicine (pp. 36–43).
   Google Scholar
• Cossor, J., & Mason, B. (2001). Swim start performances at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. In: J. R. Blackwell & R. H. Sanders (eds). 19th International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports. (pp. 70–74). San Francisco: University of San Francisco.
   Google Scholar
• Cossor, J., Slawon, S., Conway, P., & West, A. (2014). The effect of feet placement during the wall contact phase on freestyle turns. In: B. Mason (ed.). XIIth International Symposium on Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming Proceedings (pp. 107–111). Canberra: Australian Institute of Sport.
   Google Scholar
• Costa, M. J., Bragada, J. A., Mejias, J. E., Louro, H., Marinho, D. A., Silva, A. J., & Barbosa, T. M. (2012). Tracking the performance, energetics and biomechanics of international versus national level swimmers during a competitive season. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(3), 811–820. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2037-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, M. J., Marinho, D. A., Bragada, J. A., Silva, A. J., & Barbosa, T. M. (2011). Stability of elite freestyle performance from childhood to adulthood. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(11), 1183–1189. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.587196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, M. J., Marinho, D. A., Reis, V. M., Silva, A. J., Marques, M. C., Bragada, J. A., & Barbosa, T. M. (2010). Tracking the performance of world-ranked swimmers. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 9(3), 411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coutts, A. J. (2016). Working fast and working slow: The benefits of embedding research in high-performance sport. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2015-0781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuenca-Fernández, F., Ruiz-Teba, A., López-Contreras, G., & Arellano, R. (2018). Effects of 2 types of activation protocols based on postactivation potentiation on 50-m freestyle performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(11), 3284–3292. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002698
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Jesus, K., Mourão, L., Roesler, H., Viriato, N., De Jesus, K., de, Vaz, M., Fernandes, R., & Vilas-Boas, J. P. (2020). 3D device for forces in swimming starts and turns. Applied Sciences, 9(17), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9173559
   Google Scholar
• Dekerle, J. (Ed.). (2020). High Performance Youth Swimming. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Dopsaj, M., Milosevic, M., Matkovic, I., Arlov, D., & Blagojevic, M. (1999). The relation between sprint ability in freestyle swimming and force characteristics of different muscle groups. In K. Keskinen, P. Komi, & P. Hollander (Eds.), Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming VIII (pp. 203–208). Gummerus Printing.
   Google Scholar
• Edelmann-Nusser, J., Hohmann, A., & Henneberg, B. (2002). Modeling and prediction of competitive performance in swimming upon neural networks. European Journal of Sport Science, 2(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390200072201
   Google Scholar
• Foster, C., Florhaug, J. A., Franklin, J., Gottschall, L., Hrovatin, L. A., Parker, S., & Dodge, C. (2001). A new approach to monitoring exercise training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 15(1), 109–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganzevles, S. P., Beek, P. J., Daanen, H. A., Coolen, B. M., & Truijens, M. J. (2019). Differences in swimming smoothness between elite and non-elite swimmers. Sports Biomechanics, 1–14. online first. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2019.1650102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Hermoso, A., Escalante, Y., Arellano, R., Navarro, F., Dominguez, A. M., & Saavedra, J. M. (2013). Relationship between final performance and block times with the traditional and the new starting platforms with a back plate in international swimming championship 50-M and 100-M freestyle events. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 12(4), 698–706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrido, N. D., Silva, A. J., Fernandes, R. J., Barbosa, T. M., Costa, A. M., Marinho, D., & Marques, M. C. (2012). High level swimming performance and its relation to non-specific parameters: A cross-sectional study on maximum handgrip isometric strength. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 114(3), 936–948. https://doi.org/10.2466/05.10.25.PMS.114.3.936-948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girold, S., Maurin, D., Dugue, B., Chatard, J. C., & Millet, G. (2007). Effects of dry-land vs. resisted-and assisted-sprint exercises on swimming sprint performances. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(2), 599–605. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-19695.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gola, R., Urbanik, C., Iwańska, D., & Madej, A. (2014). Relationship between muscle strength and front crawl swimming velocity. Human Movement, 15(2), 110–115. https://doi.org/10.2478/humo-2014-0011
   Google Scholar
• Groom, R., & Cushion, C. (2004). Coaches perceptions of the use of video analysis. Insigth, 7, 56–58.
   Google Scholar
• Grote, K., Lincoln, T. L., & Gamble, J. G. (2004). Hip adductor injury in competitive swimmers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(1), 104–108. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503258905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havriluk, R. (2006). Magnitude of the effect of an instructional intervention on swimming technique and performance. Portuguese Journal of Sport Sciences, 6(Suppl. 2). In J. P. Vilas-Boas, F. Alves, & A. Marques (Eds.), Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming X (pp. 218–220).
   Google Scholar
• Hellard, P. (2014). The development of a research department in the French Swimming Federation: A paradigm evolution. In: B. Mason (ed.). XIIth International Symposium on Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming Proceedings (pp. 41–48). Canberra: Australian Institute of Sport.
   Google Scholar
• Hellard, P., Avalos, M., Hausswirth, C., Pyne, D., Toussaint, J. F., & Mujika, I. (2013). Identifying optimal overload and taper in elite swimmers over time. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 12(4), 668.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellard, P., Avalos-Fernandes, M., Lefort, G., Pla, R., Mujika, I., Toussaint, J. F., & Pyne, D. B. (2019). Elite swimmers’ training patterns in the 25 weeks prior to their season’s best performances: Insights into periodization from a 20-years cohort. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 363. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellard, P., Scordia, C., Avalos, M., Mujika, I., & Pyne, D. B. (2017). Modelling of optimal training load patterns during the 11 weeks preceding major competition in elite swimmers. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 42(10), 1106–1117. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermann, T., Ungerechts, B., Toussaint, H., & Grote, M. (2020). Sonification of pressure changes in swimming for analysis and optimization. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Auditory Display (pp. 60–67). Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Hopkins, W., Marshall, S., Batterham, A., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine Science in Sports Exercise, 41(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Impellizzeri, F. M., Marcora, S. M., & Coutts, A. J. (2019). Internal and external training load: 15 years on. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 14(2), 270–273. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeschke, R., Singer, J., & Guyatt, G. H. (1989). Measurement of health status: Ascertaining the minimal clinically important difference. Controlled Clinical Trials, 10(4), 407–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(89)90005-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson, J. N. (2003). Competitive swimming illness and injury: Common conditions limiting participation. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 2(5), 267–271. https://doi.org/10.1249/00149619-200310000-00007
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keiner, M., Wirth, K., Fuhrmann, S., Kunz, M., Hartmann, H., & Haff, G. G. (2019). The influence of upper- and lower-body maximum strength on swim block start, turn, and overall swim performance in sprint swimming. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Publish Ahead of Print. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003229
   Google Scholar
• Kerr, Z. Y., Baugh, C. M., Hibberd, E. E., Snook, E. M., Hayden, R., & Dompier, T. P. (2015). Epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association men’s and women’s swimming and diving injuries from 2009/2010 to 2013/2014. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(7), 465–471. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-094423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keskinen, K., Eriksson, E., & Komi, P. (1980). Breaststroke swimmer’s knee: A biomechanical and arthroscopic study. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 8(4), 228–231. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658000800402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjendlie, P. L., & Stallman, R. (2011). Morphology and swimming performance. In World book of swimming. From science to performance, (pp. 203–222). Nova Science Publisher.
   Google Scholar
• Krause, D. (2017). Effects of additional knowledge of results on modifying highly practiced acyclic swimming techniques with knowledge of performance. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 12(6), 737–746. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954117738894
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason, B., & Cossor, J. (2000). What can we learn from competition analysis at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships? In: Y. Hong, D. P. Johns, & R. Sanders (eds). 18th International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports. Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong.
   Google Scholar
• McFarland, E. G., & Wasik, M. (1996). Injuries in female collegiate swimmers due to swimming and cross training. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 6(3), 178–182. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042752-199607000-00007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGibbon, K. E., Pyne, D. B., Shephard, M. E., & Thompson, K. G. (2018). Pacing in Swimming: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine, 48(7), 1621–1633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0901-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMaster, W. C., & Troup, J. (1993). A survey of interfering shoulder pain in United States competitive swimmers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 21(1), 67–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659302100112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooney, R., Corley, G., Godfrey, A., Osborough, C., Newell, J., Quinlan, L. R., & ÓLaighin, G. (2016). Analysis of swimming performance: Perceptions and practices of US-based swimming coaches. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(11), 997–1005. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1085074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooney, R., Corley, G., Godfrey, A., Quinlan, L. R., & Ólaighin, G. (2015). Inertial sensor technology for elite swimming performance analysis: A systematic review. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 16(18), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16010018
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morais, J. E., Barbosa, T. M., Forte, P., Bragada, J. A., Castro, F. A. D., & Marinho, D. A. (2020a). Stability analysis and prediction of pacing in elite 1500 m freestyle male swimmers. Sports Biomechanics, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2020.1810749
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morais, J. E., Forte, P., Nevill, A. M., Barbosa, T. M., & Marinho, D. A. (2020b). Upper-limb kinematics and kinetics imbalances in the determinants of front-crawl swimming at maximal speed in young international level swimmers. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 11683. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68581-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morais, J. E., Marinho, D. A., Arellano, R., & Barbosa, T. M. (2019). Start and turn performances of elite sprinters at the 2016 European Championships in swimming. Sports Biomechanics, 18(1), 100–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2018.1435713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morais, J. E., Marques, M. C., Marinho, D. A., Silva, A. J., & Barbosa, T. M. (2014). Longitudinal modeling in sports: Young swimmers’ performance and biomechanics profile. Human Movement Science, 37, 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2014.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morais, J. E., Silva, A. J., Marinho, D. A., Lopes, V. P., & Barbosa, T. M. (2017). Determinant factors of long-term performance development in young swimmers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(2), 198–205. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naemi, R., Easson, W. J., & Sanders, R. H. (2010). Hydrodynamic glide efficiency in swimming. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(4), 444–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2009.04.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otte, F. W., Davids, K., Millar, S.-K., & Klatt, S. (2020). When and how to provide feedback and instructions to athletes? How sport psychology and pedagogy insights can improve coaching interventions to enhance self-regulation in training. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1444. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pai, Y. C., Hay, J. G., & Wilson, B. D. (1984). Stroking techniques of elite swimmers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2(3), 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640418408729719
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papic, C., McCabe, C., Gonjo, T., & Sanders, R. (2020a). Effect of torso morphology on maximum hydrodynamic resistance in front crawl swimming. Sports Biomechanics, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2020.1773915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papic, C., Sanders, R. H., Naemi, R., Elipot, M., & Andersen, J. (2021). Improving data acquisition speed and accuracy in sport using neural networks. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(5), 513–522. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1832735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelayo, P., & Alberty, M. (2011). The history of swimming research. In L. Seifert, D. Chollet, & I. Mujika (Eds.), World book of swimming: From science to performance (pp. xix–xxvi). Nova Science.
   Google Scholar
• Pyne, D. B., Trewin, C. B., & Hopkins, W. G. (2004). Progression and variability of competitive performance of Olympic swimmers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22(7), 613–620. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410310001655822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rovere, G. D., & Nichols, A. W. (1985). Frequency, associated factors, and treatment of breaststroker’s knee in competitive swimmers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 13(2), 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658501300204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saavedra, J. M., Escalante, Y., Garcia-Hermoso, A., Arellano, R., & Navarro, F. (2012). A 12-Year Analysis of Pacing Strategies in 200-and 400-M Individual Medley in International Swimming Competitions. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(12), 3289–3296. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318248aed5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, A. J., Costa, A. M., Oliveira, P. M., Reis, V. M., Saavedra, J., Perl, J., & Marinho, D. A. (2007). The use of neural network technology to model swimming performance. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 6(1), 117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simbaña-Escobar, D., Hellard, P., & Seifert, L. (2018). Modelling stroking parameters in competitive sprint swimming: Understanding inter-and intra-lap variability to assess pacing management. Human Movement Science, 61, 219–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2018.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slawson, S. E., Conway, P. P., Justham, L. M., & West, A. A. (2010). The development of an inexpensive passive marker system for the analysis of starts and turns in swimming. Procedia Engineering, 2(2), 2727–2733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.04.058
   Google Scholar
• Smith, D. J., Norris, S. R., & Hogg, J. M. (2002). Performance evaluation of swimmers - scientific tool. Sports Medicine, 32(9), 539–554. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200232090-00001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stocker, D., Pink, M., & Jobe, F. W. (1995). Comparison of shoulder injury in collegiate-and master’s-level swimmers. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 5(1), 4–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042752-199501000-00002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tate, A., Turner, G. N., Knab, S. E., Jorgensen, C., Strittmatter, A., & Michener, L. A. (2012). Risk factors associated with shoulder pain and disability across the lifespan of competitive swimmers. Journal of Athletic Training, 47(2), 149–158. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.2.149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tessaro, M., Granzotto, G., Poser, A., Plebani, G., & Rossi, A. (2017). Shoulder pain in competitive teenage swimmers and it’s prevention: A retrospective epidemiological cross sectional study of prevalence. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 12(5), 798–811. https://doi.org/10.26603/ijspt20170798
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Toussaint, H., & Truijens, M. (2005). Biomechanical aspects of peak performance in human swimming. Animal Biology, 55(1), 17–40. https://doi.org/10.1163/1570756053276907
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toussaint, H. M. (1990). Differences in propelling efficiency between competitive and triathlon swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 22(3), 409–415. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199006000-00020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsunokawa, T., Mankyu, H., Takagi, H., & Ogita, F. (2019). The effect of using paddles on hand propulsive forces and Froude efficiency in arm-stroke-only front-crawl swimming at various velocities. Human Movement Science, 64, 378–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2019.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ungerechts, B. E., & Keskinen, K. (2018). The significance of International Symposia on Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming – A Multidisciplinary approach. In: H. Takagy, Y. Oghji, Y. Sengoky, & T. Gonjo (eds.). Xiiith International Symposium on Biomechanics and Medicine In Swimming Proceedings (pp. 17–25). Tsukuba: Japanese Society of Sciences in Swimming and Water Exercise.
   Google Scholar
• Veiga, S., & Roig, A. (2017). Effect of the starting and turning performances on the subsequent swimming parameters of elite swimmers. Sports Biomechanics, 16(1), 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2016.1179782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilas-Boas, J. P., Costa, L., Fernandes, R. J., Ribeiro, J., Figueiredo, P., Marinho, D., & Machado, L. (2010). Determination of the drag coefficient during the first and second gliding positions of the breaststroke underwater stroke. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 26(3), 324–331. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.26.3.324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vizsolyi, P., Taunton, J., Robertson, G., Filsinger, L., Shannon, H. S., Whittingham, D., & Gleave, M. (1987). Breaststroker’s knee: An analysis of epidemiological and biomechanical factors. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 15(1), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658701500109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace, L. K., Slattery, K. M., & Coutts, A. J. (2009). The ecological validity and application of the session-RPE method for quantifying training loads in swimming. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(1), 33–8. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181874512
   Google Scholar
• Weston, M., Hibbs, A. E., Thompson, K. G., & Spears, I. R. (2015). Isolated core training improves sprint performance in national-level junior swimmers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(2), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, S. J., & Kendall, L. (2007). Perceptions of elite coaches and sports scientists of the research needs for elite coaching practice. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(14), 1577–1586. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701245550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, B. D. (2008). Development in video technology for coaching. Sports Technology, 1(1), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/19346182.2008.9648449
   Google Scholar
• Worsey, M. T., Pahl, R., Thiel, D. V., & Milburn, P. D. (2018). A comparison of computational methods to determine intrastroke velocity in swimming using IMUs. IEEE Sensors Letters, 2(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2018.2804893
   Google Scholar