197
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Report

Which is more effective for pain relief during fractionated carbon dioxide laser treatment: EMLA cream or forced cold air anesthesia?

& ORCID Icon
Pages 34-40 | Received 03 Apr 2017, Accepted 17 Jul 2017, Published online: 20 Sep 2017

References

  • Tierney EP, Kouba DJ, Hanke CW. Review of fractional photothermolysis: treatment indications and efficacy. Dermatol Surg. 2009;35:1445–61. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01258.x.
  • Rahman Z, MacFalls H, Jiang K, Chan KF, Kelly K, Tournas J, Stumpp OF, Bedi V, Zachary C. Fractional deep dermal ablation induces tissue tightening. Lasers Surg Med. 2009;41:78–86. doi:10.1002/lsm.v41:2.
  • Hunzeker CM, Weiss ET, Geronemus RG. Fractionated CO2 laser resurfacing: our experience with more than 2000 treatments. Aesthet Surg J. 2009;29:317–22. doi:10.1016/j.asj.2009.05.004.
  • Berlin AL, Hussain M, Phelps R, Goldberg DJ. A prospective study of fractional scanned nonsequential carbon dioxide laser resurfacing: a clinical and histopathologic evaluation. Dermatol Surg. 2009;35:222–28. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34413.x.
  • Tierney EP, Hanke CW. Ablative fractionated CO2 laser resurfacing for the neck: prospective study and review of the literature. J Drugs Dermatol. 2009;8:723–31.
  • Friedman P, Fogelman J, Nouri K, Levine VJ, Ashinoff R. Comparative study of the efficacy of four topical anesthetics. Dermatol Surg. 1999;25:950–54. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.99138.x.
  • Guardiano RA, Norwood CW. Direct comparison of EMLA versus lidocaine for pain control in Nd: YAG 1,064 nm laser hair removal. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31:396–98. doi:10.1097/00042728-200504000-00004.
  • Kundu S, Achar S. Principles of office anesthesia: part II. Topical anesthesia. Am Fam Physician. 2002;66:99–102.
  • http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/DrugSafetyInformationforHealthcareProfessionals/PublicHealthAdvisories/ucm054718.htm. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/19941s11lbl.pdf ( Accessed May 21, 2011).
  • Foldvari M, Gesztes A, Mezel M. Dermal drug delivery by liposome encapsulation: clinical and electron microscopic studies. J Microencapsul. 1990;7:479–89. doi:10.3109/02652049009040470.
  • Gillet A, Compere P, Lecomte F, Hubert P, Ducat E, Evrard B, Piel G. Liposome surface charge influence on skin penetration behaviour. Int J Pharm. 2011;411:223–31. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.03.049.
  • Wahlgren CF, Quiding H. Depth of cutaneous analgesia after application of a eutectic mixture of the local anesthetics lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA cream). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;42:584–88. doi:10.1067/mjd.2000.104303.
  • Chen BK, Eichenfield LF. Pediatric anesthesia in dermatologic surgery: when hand-holding is not enough. Dermatol Surg. 2001;27:1010–18.
  • Tahir A, Webb JB, Allen G, Nancarrow JD. The effect of local anaesthetic cream (EMLA) applied with an occlusive dressing on skin thickness. Does it matter? J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2006;59:404–08. doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2005.09.027.
  • Bjerring P, Arendt-Nielsen L. Depth and duration of skin analgesia to needle insertion after topical application of EMLA cream. Br J Anaesth. 1990;64:173–77. doi:10.1093/bja/64.2.173.
  • Rincon E, Baker RL, Iglesias AJ, Duarte AM. CNS toxicity after topical application of EMLA cream on a toddler with molluscum contagiosum. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2000;16:252–54. doi:10.1097/00006565-200008000-00009.
  • Friedman PM, Mafong EA, Friedman ES, Geronemus RG. Topical anesthetics update: EMLA and beyond. Dermatol Surg. 2001;27:1019–26.
  • Adrian RM. Cutaneous cooling facilitated high fluence pulsed dye laser therapy of port wine stains. Lasers Surg Med. 1995;6:76.
  • Altshuler GB, Zenzie HH, Erofeev AV, Smirnov MZ, Anderson RR, Dierickx C. Contact cooling of the skin. Phys Med Biol. 1999;44:1003–23. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/44/4/014.
  • Kelly KM, Nelson JS, Lask GP, Geronemus RG, Bernstein LJ. Cryogen spray cooling in combination with nonablative laser treatment of facial rhytides. Arch Dermatol. 1999;135:691–94. doi:10.1001/archderm.135.6.691.
  • Pfefer TJ, Smithies DJ, Milner TE, Mjc VG, Nelson JS, Welch AJ. Bioheat transfer analysis of cryogen spray cooling during laser treatment of port wine stains. Lasers Surg Med. 2000;26:145–57. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9101(2000)26:2<145::AID-LSM5>3.0.CO;2-0.
  • Zenzie HH, Altshuler GB, Smirnov MZ, Anderson RR. Evaluation of cooling methods for laser dermatology. Lasers Surg Med. 2000;26:130–44. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9101.
  • Covino BG. Pharmacology of local anaesthetic agents. Br J Anaesth. 1986;58:701–16. doi:10.1093/bja/58.7.701.
  • Adriani J, Dalili H. Penetration of local anesthetics through epithelial barriers. Anesth Analg. 1971;50:834–41. doi:10.1213/00000539-197150050-00027.
  • Huang W, Vidimos A. Topical anesthetics in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;43:286–98. doi:10.1067/mjd.2000.106506.
  • Fisher GH, Kim KH, Bernstein LJ, Geronemus RG. Concurrent use of a handheld forced cold air device minimizes patient discomfort during fractional photothermolysis. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31:1242–43. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2005.31933.
  • Raulin C, Greve B, Hammes S. Cold air in laser therapy: first experiences with a new cooling system. Lasers Surg Med. 2001;27:404–10. doi:10.1002/1096-9101(2000)27:5<404::AID-LSM1001>3.0.CO;2-S.
  • Greve B, Hammes S, Raulin C. The effect of cold air cooling on 585 nm pulsed dye laser treatment of port-wine stains. Dermatol Surg. 2001;27:633–36.
  • Raulin C, Grema H. Single-pass carbon dioxide laser skin resurfacing combined with cold-air cooling: efficacy and patient satisfaction of a prospective side-by-side study. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140:1333–36. doi:10.1001/archderm.140.11.1333.
  • Sari E, Sandikci MM, Bakar B, Tellioglu AT. Estimated beginning time of local anesthesia effectiveness in forced cold air application: A preliminary study. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2015 Jun;8:1–15. [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.3109/14764172.2015.1052507.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.