Filler-induced non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism after genital aesthetic injection

References

• Wang HC, Yu N, Wang X,Dong R, Long X, Feng X, Li J, Wu WTL. Cerebral embolism as a result of facial filler injections: a literature review. Aesthet Surg J. 2022 42 (3) ;NP162–NP175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang HC, Wang Y, Long X, Wang X. Mandibular osteomyelitis after hyaluronic acid injection. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(2):457–59. doi:10.1111/jocd.13575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Wang X. Cerebral hemorrhage after cosmetic facial injection. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2019;7(9):e2397. doi:10.1097/GOX.0000000000002397.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang HC, Yu N, Wang X, Dong R, Long X, Feng X, Li J, Wu WT. Cerebral embolism as a result of facial filler injections: a literature review. Aesthet Surg J. 2021;41: NP146–NP147.
   Google Scholar
• Wang C, Sun T, Li H, Li Z, Wang X. Hypersensitivity caused by cosmetic injection: systematic review and case report. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2020;45(1):263–72. doi:10.1007/s00266-020-01684-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Sun T, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Wang X. Emotional disorder syndrome after cosmetic facial injection. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(9):2273–76. doi:10.1111/jocd.13283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Sun T, Yu N, Wang X. Herpes reactivation after the injection of hyaluronic acid dermal filler: a case report and review of literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(24):e20394. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000020394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iglesia CB, Yurteri-Kaplan L, Alinsod R. Female genital cosmetic surgery: a review of techniques and outcomes. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24(12):1997–2009. doi:10.1007/s00192-013-2117-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oates J, Sharp G. Nonsurgical medical Penile Girth augmentation: experience-based recommendations. Aesthet Surg J. 2017;37(9):1032–38. doi:10.1093/asj/sjx068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman MP. Female genital cosmetic and plastic surgery: a review. J Sex Med. 2011;8(6):1813–25. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02254.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meadows LD, Avellanet YR, English J. Fat augmentation of the anterior vaginal wall: a novel use of fat augmentation in enhancing the female sexual experience. Am J Cosmet Surg. 2011;28(3):171–76. doi:10.1177/074880681102800312.
   Google Scholar
• Aguilar P, Hersant B, SidAhmed-Mezi M, Bosc R, Vidal L, Meningaud JP. Novel technique of vulvo-vaginal rejuvenation by lipofilling and injection of combined platelet-rich-plasma and hyaluronic acid: a case-report. Springerplus. 2016;5(1):1184. doi:10.1186/s40064-016-2840-y.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fasola E, Gazzola R. Labia Majora augmentation with hyaluronic acid filler: technique and results. Aesthet Surg J. 2016;36(10):1155–63. doi:10.1093/asj/sjw083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan Y, Zhang L, Li S, Yang Y, Xing J, Li W, Wang X, Zhou Y. Polyacrylamide hydrogel pulmonary embolism–A fatal consequence of an illegal cosmetic vaginal tightening procedure: a case report. Forensic Sci Int. 2014;238:e6–e10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Sheng H, Gu Q, Su L, Tong H, Chen J, Qi X. Death caused by vaginal injection of hyaluronic acid and collagen: a case report. Aesthet Surg J. 2020;40(5): NP263–NP268.doi:10.1093/asj/sjz275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park HJ, Jung KH, Kim SY, Lee JH, Jeong JY, Kim JH. Hyaluronic acid pulmonary embolism: a critical consequence of an illegal cosmetic vaginal procedure. Thorax. 2010;65(4):360–61. doi:10.1136/thx.2009.128272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han SW, Park MJ, Lee SH. Hyaluronic acid-induced diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: unknown complication induced by a well-known injectable agent. Ann Transl Med. 2019;7(1):13. doi:10.21037/atm.2018.11.51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung KY, Kim SH, Kwon IH, Choi YS, Noh TW, Kwon TJ, Shin DH. Clinicopathologic review of pulmonary silicone embolism with special emphasis on the resultant histologic diversity in the lung–a review of five cases. Yonsei Med J. 2002;43(2):152–59.doi:10.3349/ymj.2002.43.2.152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim CH, Chung DH, Yoo CG, Lee C-T, Han SK, Shim Y-S, Kim YW. A case of acute pneumonitis induced by injection of silicone for colpoplasty. Respiration. 2003;70(1):104–06.doi:10.1159/000068422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Restrepo CS, Artunduaga M, Carrillo JA, Rivera AL, Ojeda P, Martinez-Jimenez S, Manzano AC, Rossi SE. Silicone pulmonary embolism: report of 10 cases and review of the literature. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2009;33(2):233–37. doi:10.1097/RCT.0b013e31817ecb4e.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wills S, Byard RW. Lethal silicone embolization syndrome complicating penile, scrotal and breast self-augmentation. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2019;15(2):304–08. doi:10.1007/s12024-018-0064-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Wang X, Huang J, Yu N, Long X. Severe fat embolism after autologous fat grafting in vaginal tightening and breast augmentation surgery. J Int Med Res. 2020;48(8):300060520949109. doi:10.1177/0300060520949109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singarajah A, Wang A, Sayegh J, Vilke GM, Quenzer FC. “Botched”: a case report of silicone embolism syndrome after penile and scrotal injection. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med. 2020;4(4):595–98. doi:10.5811/cpcem.2020.9.48838.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang HC, Wang X, Long X. Fat embolism caused by female genital aesthetic injection. Aesthet Surg J. 2021;41(4): NP146–NP147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montagnana M, Cervellin G, Franchini M, Lippi G. Pathophysiology, clinics and diagnostics of non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2011;31(4):436–44. doi:10.1007/s11239-010-0519-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabian TC. Unraveling the fat embolism syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(13):961–63. doi:10.1056/NEJM199309233291313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husebye EE, Lyberg T, Roise O. Bone marrow fat in the circulation: clinical entities and pathophysiological mechanisms. Injury. 2006;37(Suppl 4):S8–18. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2006.08.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogunlesi F, Heeney MM, Koumbourlis AC. Systemic corticosteroids in acute chest syndrome: friend or foe? Paediatr Respir Rev. 2014;15(1):24–27. doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2013.10.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothberg DL, Makarewich CA. Fat embolism and fat embolism syndrome. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2019;27(8):e346–e355. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-D-17-00571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmid A, Tzur A, Leshko L, Krieger BP. Silicone embolism syndrome: a case report, review of the literature, and comparison with fat embolism syndrome. Chest. 2005;127(6):2276–81. doi:10.1378/chest.127.6.2276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abraham E. Coagulation abnormalities in acute lung injury and sepsis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2000;22(4):401–04. doi:10.1165/ajrcmb.22.4.f184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang JG, Hong KS, Choi EY. A case of nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism after facial injection of hyaluronic acid in an illegal cosmetic procedure. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul). 2014;77(2):90–93. doi:10.4046/trd.2014.77.2.90.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang DY, Ko K, Lee SH, Lee WK. A comparison of the efficacy and safety between hyaluronic acid and polylactic acid filler injection in penile augmentation: a multicenter, patient/evaluator-blinded, randomized trial. J Sex Med. 2019;16(4):577–85. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.01.310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank K, Casabona G, Gotkin RH,Kaye KO, Lorenc PZ, Schenck TL, Lachman N, Green JB, Duran-Vega H, Cotofana S. Influence of age, sex, and body mass index on the thickness of the gluteal subcutaneous fat: implications for safe buttock augmentation procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;144(1):83–92.doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000005707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardenas-Camarena L, Bayter JE, Aguirre-Serrano H, Cuenca-Pardo J. Deaths caused by gluteal lipoinjection: what are we doing wrong? Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;136(1):58–66. doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000001364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabian TC, Hoots AV, Stanford DS, Patterson CR, Mangiante EC. Fat embolism syndrome: prospective evaluation in 92 fracture patients. Crit Care Med. 1990;18(1):42–46. doi:10.1097/00003246-199001000-00011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schonfeld SA, Ploysongsang Y, DiLisio R, Crissman JD, Miller E, Hammerschmidt DE, Fat embolism prophylaxis with corticosteroids. A prospective study in high-risk patients. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99(4):438–43.doi:10.7326/0003-4819-99-4-438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowalski J, Jedrzejczyk JT, Barylski M, Ciecwierz J, Sienkiewicz M, Kowalczyk E. Value of D-dimer and HDL cholesterol concentrations in predicting the occurrence of acute pulmonary embolism. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2016;40(239):283–87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prakash S, Sen RK, Tripathy SK, Sen IM, Sharma RR, Sharma S. Role of interleukin-6 as an early marker of fat embolism syndrome: a clinical study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471(7):2340–46. doi:10.1007/s11999-013-2869-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson D, Kourounis G, Trenear R, ECG in suspected pulmonary embolism. Postgrad Med J. 2019;95(1119):12–17.doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-136178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolt L, Lauber S, Limacher A, Samim D, Löwe A, Tritschler T, Baumgartner C, Aujesky D. prognostic value of electrocardiography in elderly patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Med. 2019;132(12):e835–e843. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.05.041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta T, Frishman WH, Aronow WS. Echocardiography in the evaluation of pulmonary embolism. Cardiol Rev. 2017;25(6):309–14. doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vamsidhar A, Rajasekhar D, Vanajakshamma V, Lakshmi AY, Latheef K, Sankara CS, Reddy GO. Comparison of PESI, echocardiogram, CTPA, and NT-pro-BNP as risk stratification tools in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Indian Heart J. 2017;69(1):68–74. doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2016.07.010.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rivera-Lebron B, McDaniel M, Ahrar K, Alrifai A, Dudzinski DM, Fanola C, Blais D, Janicke D, Melamed R, Mohrien K, et al. Diagnosis, treatment and follow up of acute pulmonary embolism: consensus practice from the PERT consortium. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2019;25:1076029619853037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becattini C, Agnelli G. Risk stratification and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2016;2016(1):404–12. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2016.1.404.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Agarwal AK, Sen R, Tripathy SK, Aggarwal S, N G, Gupta D. Is there any role of inhalational corticosteroids in the prophylaxis of post-traumatic fat embolism syndrome? Cureus. 2015;7(9):e332. doi:10.7759/cureus.332.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barie PS, Malik AB. Role of intravascular coagulation and granulocytes in lung vascular injury after bone marrow embolism. Circ Res. 1982;50(6):830–38. doi:10.1161/01.RES.50.6.830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLorenzi C. Complications of injectable fillers, part 2: vascular complications. Aesthet Surg J. 2014;34(4):584–600. doi:10.1177/1090820X14525035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar