The “good” and the “bad” of spiritual leadership

References

• Altaf, A. and Awan, M., 2011. Moderating affect of workplace spirituality on the relationship of job overload and job satisfaction. Journal of business ethics, 104 (1), 93–99.10.1007/s10551-011-0891-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ames, D.R., Rose, P., and Anderson, C.P., 2006. The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism. Journal of research in personality, 40 (4), 440–450.10.1016/j.jrp.2005.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashforth, B.E. and Vaidyanath, D., 2002. Work organizations as secular religions. Journal of management inquiry, 11 (4), 359–370.10.1177/1056492602238843
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashmos, D.P. and Duchon, D., 2000. Spirituality at work: a conceptualization and measure. Journal of management inquiry, 9 (2), 134–145.10.1177/105649260092008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avolio, B.J. and Gardner, W.L., 2005. Authentic leadership development: getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. The leadership quarterly, 16 (3), 315–338.10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barling, J., Christie, A., and Turner, N., 2008. Pseudo-transformational leadership: towards the development and test of a model. Journal of business ethics, 81 (4), 851–861.10.1007/s10551-007-9552-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauman, D.C., 2013. Leadership and the three faces of integrity. The leadership quarterly, 24 (3), 414–426.10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.01.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BBC World NewsLast., 2010. Retrial ordered in Warren Jeffs polygamous US sect case [online]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-10780208 [ Accessed 27 July].
   Google Scholar
• Benefiel, M., 2005. The second half of the journey: spiritual leadership for organizational transformation. The leadership quarterly, 16 (5), 723–747.10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bono, G. and McCullough, M.E., 2006. Positive responses to benefit and harm: bringing forgiveness and gratitude into cognitive psychotherapy. Journal of cognitive psychotherapy, 20 (2), 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, M.E. and Treviño, L.K., 2006. Ethical leadership: a review and future directions. The leadership quarterly, 17 (6), 595–616.10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.10.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce, W. and Plocha, E.F., 1999. Reflections on maintaining a spirituality in the government workplace: what it means and how to do it. International journal of organization theory and behavior (Marcel Dekker), 2 (3/4), 325–348.
   Google Scholar
• Burgess, N.J., 1996. Looking into the depths: dimensions of spirituality in a New Zealand short story. Orewa: Colcom.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, W.K., et al., 2010. Narcissism in organizational contexts. Human resource management review, 21 (4), 268–284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cash, K.C. and Gray, G.R., 2000. A framework for accommodating religion and spirituality in the workplace. Academy of management executive, 14 (3), 124–133.
   Google Scholar
• Cavanagh, G.F. and Bandsuch, M.R., 2002. Virtue as a benchmark for spirituality in business. Journal of business ethics, 38 (1/2), 109–117.10.1023/A:1015721029457
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, K.Y. and Drasgow, F., 2001. Toward a theory of individual differences and leadership: understanding the motivation to lead. Journal of applied psychology, 86 (3), 481–498.10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, C.Y. and Yang, C.F., 2012. The impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: a multi-sample analysis. Journal of business ethics, 105 (1), 107–114.10.1007/s10551-011-0953-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, C.-Y., Yang, C.-Y., and Li, C.-I., 2012. Spiritual leadership, follower mediators, and organizational outcomes: evidence from three industries across two major Chinese societies. Journal of applied social psychology, 42 (4), 890–938.10.1111/jasp.2012.42.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conger, J.A., 1999. Charismatic and transformational leadership in organizations. The leadership quarterly, 10 (2), 145–179.10.1016/S1048-9843(99)00012-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cotter, D.A. and Song, Y., 2009. The religious time bind: U.S. work hours and religion. Social indicators research, 93 (1), 209–214.10.1007/s11205-008-9375-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig, S.B. and Gustafson, S.B., 1998. Perceived leader integrity scale: an instrument for assessing employee perceptions of leader integrity. The leadership quarterly, 9 (2), 127–145.10.1016/S1048-9843(98)90001-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel, J.L., 2010. The effect of workplace spirituality on team effectiveness. Journal of management development, 29 (5), 442–456.10.1108/02621711011039213
   Google Scholar
• Dean, K.L. and Safranski, S.R., 2008. No harm, no foul? Organizational intervention in workplace spirituality. International journal of public administration, 31 (4), 359–371.10.1080/01900690701590751
   Google Scholar
• Dent, E.B., Higgins, M.E., and Wharff, D.M., 2005. Spirituality and leadership: an empirical review of definitions, distinctions, and embedded assumptions. The leadership quarterly, 16 (5), 625–653.10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberger, R. and Huntington, R., 1986. Perceived organizational support. Journal of applied psychology, 71 (3), 500–507.10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• English, L.M., Fenwick, T.J., and Parsons, J., 2005. Interrogating our practices of integrating spirituality into workplace education. Australian journal of adult learning, 45 (1), 7–28.
   Google Scholar
• Fabricatore, A.N., et al., 2004. Stress, religion, and mental health: religious coping in mediating and moderating roles. International journal for the psychology of religion, 14 (2), 97–108.
   Google Scholar
• Fawcett, S.E., et al., 2008. Spirituality and organizational culture: cultivating the abcs of an inspiring workplace. International journal of public administration, 31 (4), 420–438.10.1080/01900690701590819
   Google Scholar
• Fernando, M. and Jackson, B., 2006. The influence of religion-based workplace spirituality on business leaders’ decision-making: an inter-faith study. Journal of management & organization, 12 (1), 23–39.10.5172/jmo.2006.12.1.23
   Google Scholar
• Fiedler, F.E., 1967. A theory of leadership effectiveness. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Fowler, J., 1981. Stages of faith: the psychology of human development and the quest for meaning. San Francisco, CA: HarperCollins.
   Google Scholar
• Freshman, B., 1999. An exploratory analysis of definitions and applications of spirituality in the workplace. Journal of organizational change management, 12 (4), 318–329.10.1108/09534819910282153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry, L.W., 2003. Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The leadership quarterly, 14 (6), 693–727.10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry, L.W., 2005. Introduction to the leadership quarterly special issue: toward a paradigm of spiritual leadership. The leadership quarterly, 16 (5), 619–622.10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry, L.W., et al., 2011. Impact of spiritual leadership on unit performance. The leadership quarterly, 22 (2), 259–270.10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.02.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry, L.W., Matherly, L.L., and Vitucci, S., 2006. Spiritual leadership theory as a source for future theory, research, and recovery from workaholism. In: R.J. Burke and R.J. Burke, eds. Research companion to working time and work addiction. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 330–352.
   Google Scholar
• Fry, L. and Nisiewicz, M., 2013. Maximizing the triple bottom line through spiritual leadership. London: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fry, L.W., Vitucci, S., and Cedillo, M., 2005. Spiritual leadership and army transformation: theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline. The leadership quarterly, 16 (5), 835–862.10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gall, T.L., et al., 2005. Understanding the nature and role of spirituality in relation to coping and health: a conceptual framework. Canadian psychology/psychologie Canadienne, 46 (2), 88–104.10.1037/h0087008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Zamor, J.-C., 2003. Workplace spirituality and organizational performance. Public administration review, 63 (3), 355–363.10.1111/puar.2003.63.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacalone, R.A. and Jurkiewicz, C.L., 2003. Toward a science of workplace spirituality. In: R.A. Giacalone and C.L. Jurkiewicz, eds. The handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 3–22.
   Google Scholar
• Gockel, A., 2004. The trend toward spirituality in the workplace: overview and implications for career counseling. Journal of employment counseling, 41 (4), 156–167.10.1002/joec.2004.41.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graen, G.B. and Uhl-Bien, M., 1995. Relationship-based approach to leadership: development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. The leadership quarterly, 6 (2), 219–247.10.1016/1048-9843(95)90036-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, A., Gino, F., and Hofmann, D., 2011. Reversing the extraverted leadership advantage: the role of employee proactivity. Academy of management journal, 54 (3), 528–550.10.5465/AMJ.2011.61968043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, D., O’Neil, K., and Stephens, L., 2004. Spirituality in the workplace: new empirical directions in the study of the sacred. Sociology of religion, 65 (3), 265–283.10.2307/3712252
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harlos, K.P., 2000. Toward a spiritual pedagogy: meaning, practice, and applications in management education. Journal of management education, 24 (5), 612–627.10.1177/105256290002400506
   Google Scholar
• Harrowfield, R. and Gardner, D., 2010. Faith at work: stress and well-being among workers in Christian organizations. Journal of psychology and christianity, 29 (3), 208–217.
   Google Scholar
• Heintzman, P.P. and Mannell, R.C., 2003. Spiritual functions of leisure and spiritual well-being: coping with time pressure. Leisure sciences, 25 (2/3), 207–230.10.1080/01490400306563
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hicks, D., 2002. Spiritual and religious diversity in the workplace. The leadership quarterly, 13 (4), 379–396.10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00124-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgs, M., 2009. The good, the bad and the ugly: leadership and narcissism. Journal of change management, 9 (2), 165–178.10.1080/14697010902879111
   Google Scholar
• Houghton, J.D., 2010. Does Max Weber’s notion of authority still hold in the twenty-first century? Journal of management history, 16 (4), 449–453.10.1108/17511341011073933
   Google Scholar
• Hutchison, S., et al., 1986. Perceived organizational support. Journal of applied psychology, 71 (3), 500–507.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyers, L.L. and Hyers, C., 2008. Everyday discrimination experienced by conservative christians at the secular university. Analyses of social issues and public policy, 8 (1), 113–137.10.1111/j.1530-2415.2008.00162.x
   Google Scholar
• Jurkiewicz, C.L. and Giacalone, R.A., 2004. A values framework for measuring the impact of workplace spirituality on organizational performance. Journal of business ethics, 49 (2), 129–142.10.1023/B:BUSI.0000015843.22195.b9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kale, S.H. and Shrivastava, S., 2003. The enneagram system for enhancing workplace spirituality. Journal of management development, 22 (4), 308–328.10.1108/02621710310467596
   Google Scholar
• Karakas, F. and Sarigollu, E., 2012. Benevolent leadership: conceptualization and construct development. Journal of business ethics, 108 (4), 537–553.10.1007/s10551-011-1109-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kegan, R., 1982. The evolving self. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Khani, A., et al., 2013. The role of spiritual leadership on empowering employees: a case study of educational system. Management science letters, 3 (3), 1013–1018.10.5267/j.msl
   Google Scholar
• Khoo, H.S. and Burch, St.J., 2008. The ‘dark side’ of leadership personality and transformational leadership: an exploratory study. Personality and individual differences, 44 (1), 86–97.10.1016/j.paid.2007.07.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolodinsky, R.W., Giacalone, R.A., and Jurkiewicz, C.L., 2008. Workplace values and outcomes: exploring personal, organizational, and interactive workplace spirituality. Journal of business ethics, 81 (2), 465–480.10.1007/s10551-007-9507-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnakumar, S. and Neck, C.P., 2002. The “what”, “why” and “how” of spirituality in the workplace. Journal of managerial psychology, 17 (3), 153–164.10.1108/02683940210423060
   Google Scholar
• Lips-Wiersma, M., Dean, K.L., and Fornaciari, C.J., 2009. Theorizing the dark side of the workplace spirituality movement. Journal of management inquiry, 18 (4), 288–300.10.1177/1056492609339017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, C.H. and Robertson, P.J., 2011. Spirituality in the workplace: theory and measurement. Journal of management inquiry, 20 (1), 35–50.10.1177/1056492610374648
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynn, M.L., Naughton, M.J., and VanderVeen, S., 2009. Faith at work scale (FWS): justification, development, and validation of a measure of judaeo-christian religion in the workplace. Journal of business ethics, 85 (2), 227–243.10.1007/s10551-008-9767-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynn, M.L., Naughton, M.J., and VanderVeen, S., 2011. Connecting religion and work: patterns and influences of work-faith integration. Human relations, 64 (5), 675–701.10.1177/0018726710386396
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marques, J., Dhiman, S., and King, R., 2005. Spirituality in the workplace: developing an integral model and a comprehensive definition. Journal of American academy of business, Cambridge, 7 (1), 81–91.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, J.P. and Allen, N.J., 1991. A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human resource management review, 63 (1), 1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A.J., and Ferguson, J., 2003. Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: an exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of organizational change management, 16 (4), 426–447.10.1108/09534810310484172
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitroff, I.I. and Denton, E.A., 1999. A study of spirituality in the workplace. Sloan management review, 40 (4), 83–92.
   Google Scholar
• Moore, T.W. and Casper, W.J., 2006. An examination of proxy measures of workplace spirituality: a profile model of multidimensional constructs. Journal of leadership & organizational studies, 12 (4), 109–118.10.1177/107179190601200407
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, J.F., 2004. How should business respond to a more religious workplace? SAM advanced management journal (07497075), 69 (4), 11–19.
   Google Scholar
• Neck, C.P., and Milliman, J.F., 1994. Thought self-leadership: finding spiritual fulfilment in organizational life. Journal of managerial psychology, 9 (6), 9–16.10.1108/02683949410070151
   Google Scholar
• Parboteeah, K.P., Hoegl, M., and Cullen, J., 2009. Religious dimensions and work obligation: a country institutional profile model. Human relations, 62 (1), 119–148.10.1177/0018726708099515
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pawar, B.S., 2009. Some of the recent organizational behavior concepts as precursors to workplace spirituality. Journal of business ethics, 88 (2), 245–261.10.1007/s10551-008-9961-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petchsawang, P. and Duchon, D., 2009. Measuring workplace spirituality in an Asian context. Human resource development international, 12 (4), 459–468.10.1080/13678860903135912
   Google Scholar
• Reave, L., 2005. Spiritual values and practices related to leadership effectiveness. The leadership quarterly, 16 (5), 655–687.10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rego, A. and Cunha, M., 2008. Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: an empirical study. Journal of organizational change management, 21 (1), 53–75.10.1108/09534810810847039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhoades, L. and Eisenberger, R., 2002. Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. Journal of applied psychology, 87 (4), 698–714.10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sankowsky, D., 1995. The charismatic leader as narcissist: understanding the abuse of power. Organizational dynamics, 23 (4), 57–71.10.1016/0090-2616(95)90017-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroder, R., 2008. Predictors of organizational commitment for faculty and administrators of a private christian university. Journal of research on Christian education, 17 (1), 81–97.10.1080/10656210801968299
   Google Scholar
• Sendjaya, S., 2007. Conceptualizing and measuring spiritual leadership in organizations. International journal of business and information, 2 (1), 104–126.
   Google Scholar
• Sheep, M., 2006. Nurturing the whole person: the ethics of workplace spirituality in a society of organizations. Journal of business ethics, 66 (4), 357–375.10.1007/s10551-006-0014-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spector, P.E., 1985. Measurement of human service staff satisfaction: development of the job satisfaction survey. American journal of community psychology, 13 (6), 693–713.10.1007/BF00929796
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweeney, P.J. and Fry, L.W., 2012. Character development through spiritual leadership. Consulting psychology journal: practice and research, 64 (2), 89–107.10.1037/a0028966
   Google Scholar
• Tanyi, R.A., 2002. Towards clarification of the meaning of spirituality. Journal of advanced nursing, 39 (5), 500–509.10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02315.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tourish, D. and Pinnington, A., 2002. Transformational leadership, corporate cultism and the spirituality paradigm: an unholy trinity in the workplace? Human relations, 55 (2), 147.10.1177/0018726702055002181
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhl-Bien, M., 2006. Relational leadership theory: exploring the social processes of leadership and organizing. The leadership quarterly, 17 (6), 654–676.10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.10.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber, M., 1930. The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. London: Geo Allen and Unwin.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, L.J. and Anderson, S.E., 1991. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of management, 17 (3), 601–617.10.1177/014920639101700305
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar