441
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Anonymous and uninhibited: sexual encounters during the international sojourn

&
Pages 35-47 | Received 26 Sep 2012, Accepted 16 Jan 2013, Published online: 13 Feb 2013

References

  • Agrusa , J. F. 2003 . “ AIDS and tourism: A deadly combination ” . In Sex and tourism: Journeys of romance, love and lust , Edited by: Bauer , T. G. and McKercher , B. 167 – 177 . Binghamton , NY : The Haworth Press .
  • Allon , F. and Anderson , K. 2010 . Intimate encounters: The embodied transnationalism of backpackers and independent travellers . Population, Space and Place , 16 : 11 – 22 .
  • Atkinson, R. (1998). The life story interview, Sage University Paper Series on Qualitative Research Methods, Vol. 44. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Barber, N. (2009). Why modern women behave more like men. Psychology Today, 24 August, 1a.
  • Bauer , T. G. and McKercher , B. 2003 . “ Preface ” . In Sex and tourism: Journeys of romance, love and lust , Edited by: Bauer , T. G. and McKercher , B. xiii – xvii . Binghamton , NY : The Haworth Press .
  • Bellis , M. A. , Hughes , K. , Thomson , R. and Bennett , C. 2004 . Sexual behaviour of young people in international tourist resorts . Sexually Transmitted Infections , 43 ( 3 ) : 43 – 47 . (doi:10.1136/sti.2003.005199)
  • Bellis , M. A. , Hughes , K. E. , Dillon , P. , Copeland , J. and Gates , P. 2007 . Effects of backpacking holidays in Australia on alcohol, tobacco and drug use of UK residents . BMC Public Health , 7 ( 1 ) : 38 – 48 . (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-1)
  • Black , P. 2000 . “ Sex and travel: Making the links ” . In Tourism and sex: Culture, commerce and coercion , Edited by: Clift , S. and Carter , S. 250 – 264 . London : Pinter .
  • Bowen , D. and Clarke , J. 2009 . Contemporary tourist behaviour: Yourself and others as tourists , Wallingford , CT : CABI .
  • Braun , V. and Clarke , V. 2006 . Using thematic analysis in psychology . Qualitative Research in Psychology , 3 ( 2 ) : 77 – 101 . (doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa)
  • Brown , B. B. , Clasen , D. R. and Eicher , S. A. 1986 . Perceptions of peer pressure, peer conformity dispositions, and self-reported behavior among adolescents . Developmental Psychology , 22 ( 4 ) : 521 – 530 . (doi:10.1037/0012-1649.22.4.521)
  • Brown , B. B. , Feiring , C. and Furman , W. 1999 . “ Missing the love boat: Why researchers have shied away from adolescent romance ” . In The development of romantic relationships in adolescence , Edited by: Furman , W. , Brown , B. B. and Feiring , C. 1 – 18 . New York , NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Brown , L. 2009 . The transformative power of the international sojourn: An ethnographic study of the international student experience . Annals of Tourism Research , 36 ( 3 ) : 502 – 521 . (doi:10.1016/j.annals.2009.03.002)
  • Brown , L. and Holloway , I. 2008 . The adjustment journey of international postgraduate students at an English university: An ethnographic study . Journal of Research in International Education , 7 ( 2 ) : 232 – 249 . (doi:10.1177/1475240908091306)
  • Brown , L. and Richards , S. 2012 . The British host: Just how welcoming are we? . Journal of Further and Higher Education , 36 ( 1 ) : 57 – 79 . (doi:10.1080/0309877X.2011.590585)
  • Carolan , M. 2003 . Reflexivity: A personal journey during data collection . Nurse Researcher , 17 ( 3 ) : 7 – 14 .
  • Carr , N. 2002 . Going with the flow: An assessment of the relationship between young people's leisure and holiday behaviour . Tourism Geographies , 4 ( 2 ) : 115 – 134 . (doi:10.1080/14616680210124891)
  • Cohen , S. 2010 . Chasing a myth? Searching for ‘self’ through lifestyle travel . Tourist Studies , 10 ( 2 ) : 117 – 133 . (doi:10.1177/1468797611403040)
  • Connell , R. W. 1995 . Masculinities , Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Dahles , H. and Bras , K. 1999 . Entrepreneurs in romance. Tourism in Indonesia . Annals of Tourism Research , 26 : 267 – 293 . (doi:10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00098-X)
  • Dann , G. and Cohen , E. 1991 . Sociology and tourism . Annals of Tourism Research , 18 : 155 – 169 . (doi:10.1016/0160-7383(91)90045-D)
  • Denscombe , M. 2002 . The good research guide: For small-scale social research projects , Buckingham : Open University Press .
  • Denzin , N. K. and Lincoln , Y. S. 2005 . The sage handbook of qualitative research , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
  • Donaldson , B. and McNicholson , C. 2004 . Understanding the postgraduate education market for UK-based students: A review and empirical study . International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing , 9 ( 4 ) : 346 – 360 . (doi:10.1002/nvsm.259)
  • Edley , N. 2001 . “ Analysing masculinity: Interpretive repertories, ideological dilemmas and subject positions ” . In Discourse as data. A guide for analysis , Edited by: Wetherell , M. , Taylor , S. and Yates , S. J. 189 – 228 . London : Sage .
  • Enloe , C. 1989 . Bananas, beaches and bases: Making feminist sense of international politics , London : Pandora .
  • Epley , N. and Gilovich , T. 1999 . Just going along: Nonconscious priming and conformity to social pressure . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 35 ( 6 ) : 578 – 589 . (doi:10.1006/jesp.1999.1390)
  • Ford, N., & Eiser, J. R. (1996). Risk and liminality: The HIV-related socio-sexual interaction of young tourists. In S. Clift & S. J. Page (Eds.), Health and the international tourist (pp. 152–178). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Goffman , E. 1963 . Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice Hall .
  • Graburn , N. H. 1989 . “ Tourism: The sacred journey ” . In Hosts and guests: The anthropology of tourism , 2 , Edited by: Smith , V. 21 – 36 . Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press .
  • Hadjistavropoulos , T. and Smythe , W. 2001 . Elements of risk in qualitative research . Ethics and Behavior , 11 ( 2 ) : 163 – 174 . (doi:10.1207/S15327019EB1102_4)
  • Herold , E. , Garcia , R. and DeMoya , T. 2001 . Female tourists and beach boys: Romance or sex tourism? . Annals of Tourism Research , 28 ( 4 ) : 978 – 997 . (doi:10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00003-2)
  • Higher Education Statistics Agency. (2011). Higher Education student enrolments and qualifications obtained at Higher Education Institutions in the United Kingdom for the academic year 2009/10. Retrieved January 15, 2011, from HESA website: http://www.hesa.ac.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1936&Itemid=161
  • Huang , K. and Uba , L. 1992 . Premarital sexual behavior among Chinese college students in the United States . Archives of Sexual Behavior , 21 ( 3 ) : 227 – 240 . (doi:10.1007/BF01542994)
  • Jacobs , J. 2009 . Have sex will travel: Romantic ‘sex tourism’ and woman negotiating modernity in the Sinai . Gender, Place and Culture , 16 ( 1 ) : 43 – 61 . (doi:10.1080/09663690802574787)
  • Jeffreys , S. 2003 . Sex tourism: Do woman do it too? . Leisure Studies , 22 ( July ) : 223 – 238 . (doi:10.1080/026143603200075452)
  • Jones , I. , Brown , L. and Holloway , I. 2012 . Qualitative research in sport and physical activity , London : Sage .
  • Josiam , B. M. , Hobson , J. S. P. , Dietrich , U. C. and Smeaton , G. 1998 . An analysis of the sexual, alcohol and drug related behavioural patterns of students on spring break . Tourism Management , 19 ( 6 ) : 501 – 513 . (doi:10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00052-1)
  • Kalof , L. 1993 . Dilemmas of femininity: Gender and the social construction of sexual imagery . The Sociological Quarterly , 34 ( 4 ) : 639 – 651 . (doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1993.tb00110.x)
  • Kenrick , D. T. , Trost , M. R. and Sheets , V. L. 1996 . “ Power, harassment and trophy mates: The feminist advantages of an evolutionary perspective ” . In Sex, power, conflict: Evolutionary and feminist perspectives , Edited by: Buss , D. M. and Malamuth , N. M. 29 – 53 . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
  • Kim , H. and Jamal , T. 2007 . Touristic quest for existential authenticity . Annals of Tourism Research , 34 ( 1 ) : 181 – 201 . (doi:10.1016/j.annals.2006.07.009)
  • Layder , D. 2004 . Social and personal identity , London : Sage .
  • Leontido , L. 1994 . “ Gender dimensions of tourism in Greece: Employment, sub-structuring and restructuring ” . In Tourism: A gender analysis , Edited by: Kinnaird , V. and Hall , D. 74 – 104 . Chichester : Wiley .
  • Leung , P. 2003 . “ Sex tourism: The case of Cambodia ” . In Sex and tourism: Journeys of romance, love and lust , Edited by: Bauer , T. G. and McKercher , B. 181 – 193 . Binghamton , NY : The Haworth Press .
  • Littlewood , I. 2001 . Sultry climates: Travel and sex since the great tour , London : John Murray .
  • Loiselle, D. (1998). Sex tourism: What is sex tourism? Retrieved September 10, 2010, from Towson University, Department of Tourism website: http://www.towson.edu~loiselle/sextour.htm
  • Marshall , C. and Rossman , G. B. 2006 . Designing qualitative research , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
  • Mason , J. 2002 . Qualitative researching , London : Sage .
  • Mathieson , A. and Wall , G. 1982 . Tourism: Economic, physical and social impacts , Longman : Harlow .
  • McKercher , B. and Bauer , T. G. 2003 . “ The conceptual framework of the nexus between tourism, romance and sex ” . In Sex and tourism: Journeys of romance, love and lust , Edited by: Bauer , T. M. and McKercher , B. 3 – 16 . Binghamton , NY : The Haworth Press .
  • Minami, A. (2004). Romantic relationships developed by international students in Hawaii. Unpublished Master's Thesis, University of Hawaii, USA.
  • Nightingale , D. and Cromby , J. 1999 . Social constructionist psychology , Edited by: Nightingale , D. and Cromby , J. Buckingham : Open University Press .
  • Obenour , W. L. 2005 . The ‘journeys’ of independence for female backpackers . Tourism Review International , 9 ( 2 ) : 213 – 227 . (doi:10.3727/154427205774791636)
  • Oppermann , M. 1999 . Sex tourism . Annals of Tourism Research , 26 ( 2 ) : 251 – 266 . (doi:10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00081-4)
  • Pearce , P. L. 2005 . Tourist behaviour: Themes and conceptual schemes , Clevedon : Multilingual Matters .
  • Phillips , J. 2008 . Female sex tourism: A post-colonial perspective . The Brown Journal of World Affairs , 4 ( 2 ) : 1 – 12 .
  • Pritchard , A. and Morgan , N. 1996 . Sex still sells to generation X: Promotional practice and the youth package holiday market . Journal of Vacation Marketing , 3 ( 1 ) : 69 – 80 .
  • Pruitt , D. and LaFont , S. 1995 . For love and money: Romance tourism in Jamaica . Annals of Tourism Research , 22 ( 2 ) : 422 – 440 . (doi:10.1016/0160-7383(94)00084-0)
  • Rao , N. 1999 . Sex tourism in South Asia . International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management , 11 ( 2 ) : 6 – 29 .
  • Redmon , D. 2003 . Playful deviance as an urban leisure activity: Secret selves, self-validation, and entertaining performances . Deviant Behavior , 24 ( 1 ) : 27 – 51 . (doi:10.1080/10639620390117174)
  • Ritchie , B. , Cooper , C. and Carr , N. 2003 . Managing educational tourism , Clevedon : Channel View Publications .
  • Ryan , C. 2002 . The tourist experience , 2 , London : Continuum .
  • Ryan , C. and Kinder , R. 1996 . Sex, tourism and sex tourism: Fulfilling similar needs? . Tourism Management , 17 ( 7 ) : 507 – 518 . (doi:10.1016/S0261-5177(96)00068-4)
  • Ryan , C. and Martin , A. 2001 . Tourists and strippers: Liminal theater . Annals of Tourism Research , 24 ( 4 ) : 951 – 969 .
  • Ryan , C. and Robertson , E. 1997 . “ New Zealand student tourists: Risk behaviour and health ” . In Tourism and health: Risk, research and responses , Edited by: Clift , S. and Grabowski , P. 119 – 138 . London : Pinter .
  • Sanchez-Taylor , J. 2001 . Dollars are a girl's best friend? Female tourists’ sexual behaviour in the Caribbean . Sociology , 35 ( 3 ) : 749 – 764 .
  • Sanchez-Taylor , J. 2006 . Female sex tourism: A contradiction in terms? . Feminist Review , 83 : 42 – 59 . (doi:10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400280)
  • Selänniemi , T. 2003 . “ On holiday in the liminoid playground: Place, time, and self in tourism ” . In Sex and tourism: Journeys of romance, love and lust , Edited by: Bauer , T. M. and McKercher , B. 19 – 29 . Binghamton , NY : The Haworth Press .
  • Shields , R. 1990 . The ‘system of pleasure’: Liminality and the carnivalesque at Brighton . Theory, Culture and Society , 7 : 39 – 72 . (doi:10.1177/026327690007001002)
  • Shulman , S. and Kipnis , O. 2001 . Adolescent romantic relationships: A look from the future . Journal of Adolescence , 24 : 337 – 351 . (doi:10.1006/jado.2001.0409)
  • Steiner , C. and Reisinger , Y. 2006 . Understanding existential authenticity . Annals of Tourism Research , 33 ( 2 ) : 299 – 318 . (doi:10.1016/j.annals.2005.08.002)
  • Swann , W. B. 1987 . Identity negotiation: Where two roads meet . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 53 ( 6 ) : 1038 – 1051 . (doi:10.1037/0022-3514.53.6.1038)
  • Thomas , M. 2000 . “ Exploring the contexts and meanings of woman's experiences of sexual intercourse on holiday ” . In Tourism and sex: Culture, commerce and coercion , Edited by: Clift , S. and Carter , S. 200 – 220 . London : Pinter .
  • Thomas , M. 2005 . ‘What happens in Tenerife stays in Tenerife’: Understanding woman's sexual behaviour on holiday . Culture, Health and Sexuality , 7 ( 6 ) : 571 – 584 . (doi:10.1080/13691050500256807)
  • Toder , N. L. and Marcia , J. E. 1973 . Ego identity status and response to conformity pressure in college women . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 26 ( 2 ) : 287 – 294 . (doi:10.1037/h0034477)
  • Torkildsen , G. 1999 . Leisure and recreation management , London : E & FN Spoon .
  • Turner , U. and Turner , E. 1978 . Image and pilgrimage in Christian culture , New York , NY : Columbia University Press .
  • Tutenges , S. 2012 . Nightlife tourism: A mixed methods study of young tourists at a nightlife resort . Tourist Studies , 12 ( 2 ) : 135 – 155 . (doi:10.1177/1468797612454250)
  • UKCISA. (2010). International students in the UK: Facts, figures and fiction. Retrieved November 16, 2010, from UKCISA website: http://www.ukcisa.org.uk/files/pdf/about/international_education_facts_figures.pdf
  • Uriely , N. and Belhassen , Y. 2005 . Drugs and tourists’ experiences . Journal of Travel Research , 43 ( 3 ) : 238 – 246 . (doi:10.1177/0047287504272024)
  • Wang , N. 1999 . Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience . Annals of Tourism Research , 26 ( 2 ) : 349 – 370 . (doi:10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00103-0)
  • Wickens , E. 1994 . “ Consumption of the authentic: The hedonistic tourist in Greece ” . In Tourism the state of the art , Edited by: Seaton , A. V. , Kenkins , C. L. , Wood , R. C. , Dieke , P. V. , Bennett , M. , Macmellan , L. R. and Smith , R. 818 – 825 . Chichester : John Wiley .
  • Wickens , E. 2000 . “ Rethinking tourists’ experiences’ ” . In Motivations, behaviour and tourist types , Edited by: Robinson , M. , Long , P. , Evans , N. , Sharpley , R. and Swartbrooke , J. 455 – 472 . Morpeth : Centre for Travel and Tourism, University of Northumbria and Sunderland: Business Education .
  • Willing , C. 2001 . Introducing qualitative research in psychology , Buckingham : Open University Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.