References
- Tandberg A, Albrechtsen S, Iversen OE. Manual removal of the placenta. Incidence and clinical significance. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1999;78:33–6
- Adelusi B, Soltan MH, Chowdhury N, Kangave D. Risk of retained placenta: multivariate approach. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1997;76:414–18
- Soltan MH, Khashoggi T. Retained placenta and associated risk factors. J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;17:245–7
- Nardin JM, Weeks A, Carroli G. Umbilical vein injection for management of retained placenta (cochrane review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:CD001337. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001337. pub2
- Sweeney G, Holbrook AM, Levine M, et al. Pharmacokinetics of carbetocin, a long-acting oxytocin analog, in nonpregnant women. Curr Ther Res 1990;47:528–40
- Tang OS, Schweer H, Seybert HW, et al. Pharmacokinetics of different routes of administration of misoprostol. Hum Reprod 2002;17:332–6
- Pipingas A, Hofmeyr GJ, Sesel KR. Umbilical vessel oxytocin administration for retained placenta: in vitro study of various infusion techniques. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;168:793–5
- Pipingas A, Gulmezoglu AM, Mitri FF, Hofmeyr GJ. Umbilical vein injection for retained placenta: clinical feasibility study of a new technique. East Afr Med J 1994;71:396–7
- Carroli G, Bergel E. Umbilical vein injection for management of retained placenta. Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2001;4:CD001337
- Harara R, Hanafy S, Zidan M, Alberry M. Intraumbilical injection of three different uterotonics in the management of retained placenta. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2011;37:1203–7
- Lim PS, Singh S, Lee A, Yassin MA. Umbilical vein oxytocin in the management of retained placenta: an alternative to manual removal of placenta? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011;284:1073–9
- Hendricks CH, Brenner WE. Cardiovascular effects of oxytocic drugs used post partum. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1970;108:751
- National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Intrapartum care: care of healthy women and their babies during childbirth. September 2007. Available from: www.nice.org.uk/guidance [last accessed 22 Oct 2009]
- Sivalingam N, Surinder S. Is there a place for intraumbilical oxytocin for the management of retained placenta? Med J Malaysia 2001;56:451–9
- Weeks A, Mirembe F, Alfirevic Z. The release trial: a randomized controlled trial of umbilical vein oxytocin versus placebo for the treatment of retained placenta. Bjog 2005;115:1458
- Duffy JM, Mylan S, Showell M, et al. Pharmacologic intervention for retained placenta: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2015;125:711–18
- World Health Organization. WHO guidelines for management of postpartum hemorrhage and retained placenta. Geneva: WHO; 2009
- Elfayomy AK. Carbetocin versus intra-umbilical oxytocin in the management of retained placenta: a randomized clinical study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2015;41:1207–13
- vanStralen G, Roosmalen van JJM. Letter to editor. Acta Obstet Gynaecol 2007;86:764
- Pongsatha S, Tongsong T. Rectal misoprostol in management of retained placenta: a contradictory result. J Med Assoc Thai 2011;94:535–9
- Grillo-Ardila CF, Ruiz-Parra AI, Gaitán HG, Rodriguez-Malagon N. Prostaglandins for management of retained placenta. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014:CD010312. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010312.pub2
- Ahonen J, Stefanovic V, Lassila R. Management of post-partum haemorrhage. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2010;54:1164–78
- Herman A, Weinraub Z, Bukovsky I, et al. Dynamic ultrasonographic imaging of the third stage of labor: new perspectives into third-stage mechanisms. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;168:1496–9