References
- Beard RW, Filshie GM, Knight CA, Roberts GM. The significance of the changes in the continuous fetal heart ratein the first stage of labour. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 1971;78:865–81.
- Bragg F, Cromwell DA, Edozien LC, et al. Variation in rates of caesarean section among English NHS trusts after accounting for maternal and clinical risk: cross sectional study. BMJ 2010;341:c5065.
- Study of Stillbirth Claims. NHS Litigation Authority, 2009. Available from: http://www.nhsla.com/safety/Documents/NHS%20Litigation%20Authority%20Study%20of%20Stillbirth%20Claims.pdf.
- National Institute of Clinical Excellence. Intrapartum care: care of healthy women and their babies during labour. NICE Clinical Guideline No. 55. September 2007.
- Alfirevic Z, Devane D, Gyte GML. Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;(3):CD006066. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006066.
- Alfirevic Z, Devane D, Gyte GML. Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;(5):CD006066.
- Chandraharan E. Fetal scalp blood sampling during labour: is it a useful diagnostic test or a historical test that no longer has a place in modern clinical obstetrics? BJOG 2014;121:1056–62.
- Westgate J, Harris M, Curnow JS, Greene KR. Randomised trial of cardiotocography alone or with ST waveform analysis for intrapartum monitoring. Lancet 1992;340:194–8.
- Amer-Wahlin I, Hellsten C, Noren H, et al. Cardiotocography only versus cardiotocography plus ST analysis of fetal electrocardiogram for intrapartum fetal monitoring: a Swedish randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2001;358:534–8.
- Vayssi ere C, David E, Meyer N, et al. A French randomized controlled trial of ST-segment analysis in a population with abnormal cardiotocograms during labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;197:299.e1–6.
- Ojala K, Vaarasmaki M, Makikallio K, et al. A comparison of intrapartum automated fetalelectrocardiography and conventional cardiotocography – a randomised controlled study. BJOG 2006;113:419–23.
- Belfort MA, Saade GR, Thom E, et al. A randomized trial of intrapartum fetal ECG ST-segment analysis. N Engl J Med 2015;373:632–41.
- Blix E, Brurberg KG, Reierth E, et al. ST waveform analysis vs. cardiotocography alone for intrapartum fetal monitoring: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2015;95:16–27.
- Lo¨sch A, Kainz C, Kohlberger P, et al. Influence on fetal blood pH when adding amniotic fluid: an in vitro model. BJOG 2003;110:453–6.
- Carbonne B, Cudeville C, Maillard F, et al. Predictive value of pulse oximetry and fetal scalp blood pH in the case of meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2003;109:27–32.
- National Institute of Clinical Excellence. Intrapartum care: care of healthy women and their babies during labour. NICE Clinical Guideline. December 2014.
- Coroyannakis C, Chandraharan E. Impact of ‘Human Worm’ on serious adverse incidents in obstetric practice. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2012;119:S312.
- Chandraharan E, Lowe V, Ugwumadu A, Arulkumaran S. Impact of fetal ECG (STAN) and competency based training on intrapartum interventions and perinatal outcomes at a Teaching Hospital in London: 5 year analysis. BJOG 2013;120:428–9.
- Kessler J, Moster D, Albrechtsen S. Intrapartum monitoring of high-risk deliveries with ST analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram: an observational study of 6010 deliveries. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013;92:75–84.
- Norén H, Blad S, Carlsson A, et al. STAN in clinical practice–the outcome of 2 years of regular use in the city of Gothenburg. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;195:7–15.
- Chandraharan E. Should national guidelines continue to recommend fetal scalp blood sampling during labor? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016;29:3682–5.
- Chandraharan E. Fetal scalp blood sampling should be abandoned: FOR: FBS does not fulfil the principle of first do no harm. BJOG 2016;123:1770.