References
- Bonzini M, Carugno M, Grillo P, et al. Impact of ambient air pollution on birth outcomes: systematic review of the current evidences. Med Lav 2010;101:341–63.
- Ritz B, Yu F, Chapa G, Fruin S. Effect of air pollution on preterm birth among children born in Southern California between 1989 and 1993. Epidemiology 2000;11:502–11.
- Sagiv SK, Mendola P, Loomis D, et al. A time-series analysis of air pollution and preterm birth in Pennsylvania, 1997–2001. Environ Health Perspect 2005;113:602–6.
- Leem JH, Kaplan BM, Shim YK, et al. Exposures to air pollutants during pregnancy and preterm delivery. Environ Health Perspect 2006;114:905–10.
- Hansen C, Neller A, Williams G, Simpson R. Maternal exposure to low levels of ambient air pollution and preterm birth in Brisbane, Australia. BJOG 2006;113:935–41.
- Kim OJ, Ha EH, Kim BM, et al. PM10 and pregnancy outcomes: a hospital-based cohort study of pregnant women in Seoul. J Occup Environ Med 2007;49:1394–402.
- Jiang LL, Zhang YH, Song GX, et al. A time series analysis of outdoor air pollution and preterm birth in Shanghai, China. Biomed Environ Sci 2007;20:426–31.
- Lee SJ, Hajat S, Steer PJ, Filippi V. A time-series analysis of any short-term effects of meteorological and air pollution factors on preterm births in London, UK. Environ Res 2008;106:185–94.
- Brauer M, Lencar C, Tamburic L, et al. A cohort study of traffic-related air pollution impacts on birth outcomes. Environ Health Perspect 2008;116:680–6.
- Bosetti C, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Gallus S, et al. Ambient particulate matter and preterm birth or birth weight: a review of the literature. Arch Toxicol 2010;84:447–60.
- Triche EW, Hossain N. Environmental factors implicated in the causation of adverse pregnancy outcome. Semin Perinatol 2007;31:240–2.
- Bobak M, Leon DA. Pregnancy outcomes and outdoor air pollution: an ecological study in districts of the Czech Republic 1986–8. Occup Environ Med 1999;56:539–43.
- Maisonet M, Bush TJ, Correa A, Jaakkola JJ. Relation between ambient air pollution and low birth weight in the Northeastern United States. Environ Health Perspect 2001;109:351–6.
- Lee BE, Ha EH, Park HS, et al. Exposure to air pollution during different gestational phases contributes to risks of low birth weight. Hum Reprod 2003;18:638–43.
- Gouveia N, Bremner SA, Novaes HM. Association between ambient air pollution and birth weight in Sao Paulo, Brazil. J Epidemiol Community Health 2004;58:11–17.
- Salam MT, Millstein J, Li YF, et al. Birth outcomes and prenatal exposure to ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter: results from the Children's Health Study. Environ Health Perspect 2005;113:1638–44.
- Dugandzic R, Dodds L, Stieb D, Smith-Doiron M. The association between low level exposures to ambient air pollution and term low birth weight: a retrospective cohort study. Environ Health 2006;5:3. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-5-3
- Slama R, Morgenstern V, Cyrys J, et al. Traffic-related atmospheric pollutants levels during pregnancy and offspring's term birth weight: a study relying on a land-use regression exposure model. Environ Health Perspect 2007;115:1283–92.
- Di Renzo GC, Conry JA, et al. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics opinion on reproductive health impacts of exposure to toxic environmental chemicals. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2015;131:219–25.
- Vaiserman A. Early-life exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and later-life health outcomes: an epigenetic bridge? Aging Dis 2014;5:419–29.
- Barker DJ. The developmental origins of adult disease. J Am Coll Nutr 2004;23:588S–95S.
- Topinka J, Binkova B, Mrackova G, et al. Influence of GSTM1 and NAT2 genotypes on placental DNA adducts in an environmentally exposed population. Environ Mol Mutagen 1997;30:184–95.
- Dejmek J, Solansky I, Benes I, et al. The impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fine particles on pregnancy outcome. Environ Health Perspect 2000;108:1159–64.
- Grevendonk L, Janssen BG, Vanpoucke C, et al. Mitochondrial oxidative DNA damage and exposure to particulate air pollution in mother-newborn pairs. Environ Health 2016;15:10.
- Shah PS, Balkhair T. Air pollution and birth outcomes: a systematic review. Environ Int 2011;37:498–516.
- Metzger BE, Gabbe SG, Persson B, et al. International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Care 2010;33:676–82.
- ACOG Practice Bulletin. Chronic hypertension in pregnancy. ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins. Obstet Gynecol 2001;98:177–85.
- Ricci E, Chiaffarino F, Cipriani S, et al. Diet in pregnancy and risk of small for gestational age birth: results from a retrospective case-control study in Italy. Matern Child Nutr 2010;6:297–305.
- Brown HL, Graves CR. Smoking and marijuana use in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2013;56:107–13.
- Parazzini F, Cipriani S, Ricci E, et al. I ricoveri ostetrici in regione Lombardia nel 2008: parte II. It J Gynaecol Obstet 2011;23:48–67.
- Ha EH, Hong YC, Lee BE, et al. Is air pollution a risk factor for low birth weight in Seoul? Epidemiology 2001;12:643–8.
- Wang X, Ding H, Ryan L, Xu X. Association between air pollution and low birth weight: a community-based study. Environ Health Perspect 1997;105:514–20.
- Wilhelm M, Ritz B. Local variations in CO and particulate air pollution and adverse birth outcomes in Los Angeles County, California, USA. Environ Health Perspect 2005;113:1212–21.