How does preeclampsia affect neonates? Highlights in the disease’s immunity

References

• PrabhuDas M, Bonney E, Caron K, et al. Immune mechanisms at the maternal-fetal interface: perspectives and challenges. Nat Immunol. 2015;16:328–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prins JR, Boelens HM, Heimweg J, et al. Preeclampsia is associated with lower percentages of regulatory T cells in maternal blood. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2009;28:300–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerin LR, Prins JR, Robertson SA. Regulatory T-cells and immune tolerance in pregnancy: a new target for infertility treatment? Hum Reprod Update. 2009;15:517–535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn KH, Parast MM. Decidual regulatory T Cells in placental pathology and pregnancy complications. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2013;69:533–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sargent IL, Borzychowski AM, Redman CWG. NK cells and pre-eclampsia. J Reprod Immunol. 2007;76:40–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schober L, Radnai D, Schmitt E, et al. Term and preterm labor: decreased suppressive activity and changes in composition of the regulatory T-cell pool. Immunol Cell Biol. 2012;90:935–944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backes CH, Markham K, Moorehead P, et al. Maternal preeclampsia and neonatal outcomes. J Pregnancy. 2011;2011:214365.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Black LV, Maheshwari A. Immune-mediated neutropenia in the neonate. NeoReviews. 2009;10:e446–e453.
   Google Scholar
• Ulusoy E, Tüfekçi O, Duman N, et al. Thrombocytopenia in neonates: causes and outcomes. Ann Hematol. 2013;92:961–967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenig JM, Yoder MC. Neonatal neutrophils: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Clin Perinatol. 2004;31:39–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karumanchi SA, Bdolah Y. Hypoxia and sFlt-1 in preeclampsia: the “chicken-and-egg” question. Endocrinology. 2004;145:4835–4837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foidart JM, Schaaps JP, Chantraine F, et al. Dysregulation of anti-angiogenic agents (sFlt-1, PLGF, and sEndoglin) in preeclampsia–a step forward but not the definitive answer. J Reprod Immunol. 2009;82:106–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen AR, Barnés CM, Folkman J, et al. Maternal preeclampsia predicts the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Pediatr. 2010;156:532–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Vecchio A, Christensen RD. Neonatal neutropenia: what diagnostic evaluation is needed and when is treatment recommended? Early Hum Dev. 2012;88(Suppl 2):S19–S24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rieber N, Gille C, Köstlin N, et al. Neutrophilic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cord blood modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Clin Exp Immunol. 2013;174:45–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wirbelauer J, Thomas W, Rieger L, et al. Intrauterine growth retardation in preterm infants ≤32 weeks of gestation is associated with low white blood cell counts. Am J Perinatol. 2010;27:819–824.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cetinkaya M, Ozkan H, Köksal N, et al. Neonatal outcomes of premature infants born to preeclamptic mothers. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2010;23:425–430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Procianoy RS, Silveira RC, Mussi-Pinhata MM, et al. Sepsis and neutropenia in very low birth weight infants delivered of mothers with preeclampsia. J Pediatr. 2010;157:434–8, 438.e1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oei J, Lui K, Wang H, et al. Decreased neutrophil apoptosis in tracheal fluids of preterm infants at risk of chronic lung disease. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2003;88:F245–F249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• del Vecchio A. Evaluation and management of thrombocytopenic neonates in the intensive care unit. Early Hum Dev. 2014;90(Suppl 2):S51–S55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalagiri RR, Choudhury S, Carder T, et al. Neonatal thrombocytopenia as a consequence of maternal preeclampsia. AJP Rep. 2016;6:e42–e47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnink SF, Vlug R, Fijnvandraat K, et al. Neonatal thrombocytopenia: etiology, management and outcome. Expert Rev Hematol. 2014;7:387–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts I, Murray NA. Neonatal thrombocytopenia: causes and management. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2003;88:F359–F364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanworth SJ, Clarke P, Watts T, et al. Prospective, observational study of outcomes in neonates with severe thrombocytopenia. Pediatrics. 2009;124:e826–e834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sohlberg E, Saghafian-Hedengren S, Bachmayer N, et al. Pre-eclampsia affects cord blood NK cell expression of activation receptors and serum cytokine levels but not CB monocyte characteristics. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2014;71:178–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vargas-Rojas MI, Solleiro-Villavicencio H, Soto-Vega E. Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg levels in umbilical cord blood in preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29:1642–1645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loewendorf AI, Nguyen TA, Yesayan MN, et al. Preeclampsia is characterized by fetal NK cell activation and a reduction in regulatory T Cells. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2015;74:258–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duley L. The global impact of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Semin Perinatol. 2009;33:130–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz Martínez LA, Díaz Pedraza Ndel M, Serrano Díaz NC, et al. The prognosis for children of mothers with preeclampsia. Part 2: long-term effects. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2011;109:519–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollegaard B, Lykke JA, Boomsma JJ. Time from pre-eclampsia diagnosis to delivery affects future health prospects of children. Evol Med Public Heal. 2017;2017:53–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngoc NTN, Merialdi M, Abdel-Aleem H, et al. Causes of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths: data from 7993 pregnancies in six developing countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2006;84:699–705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozkan H, Cetinkaya M, Koksal N. Increased incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants exposed to preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;25:2681–2685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bashiri A, Zmora E, Sheiner E, et al. Maternal hypertensive disorders are an independent risk factor for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2003;18:404–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cetinkaya M, Ozkan H, Koksal N. Maternal preeclampsia is associated with increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Early Hum Dev. 2012;88:893–898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perger L, Mukhopadhyay D, Komidar L, et al. Maternal pre-eclampsia as a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29:2098–2103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu XD, Branch DW, Karumanchi SA, et al. Preeclampsia and retinopathy of prematurity in preterm births. Pediatrics. 2012;130:e101–e107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle LW, Crowther CA, Middleton P, et al. Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(1):CD004661. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004661.pub3
   Google Scholar
• Goulopoulou S, Davidge ST. Molecular mechanisms of maternal vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia. Trends Mol Med. 2015;21:88–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton GJ, Woods AW, Jauniaux E, et al. Rheological and physiological consequences of conversion of the maternal spiral arteries for uteroplacental blood flow during human pregnancy. Placenta. 2009;30:473–482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George EM, Granger JP. Mechanisms and potential therapies for preeclampsia. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2011;13:269–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George EM, Palei AC, Dent EA, et al. Sildenafil attenuates placental ischemia-induced hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2013;305:R397–R403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Dadelszen P, Dwinnell S, Magee LA, et al. Sildenafil citrate therapy for severe early-onset intrauterine growth restriction. BJOG. 2011;118:624–628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdonk K, Saleh L, Lankhorst S, et al. Association studies suggest a key role for endothelin-1 in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and the accompanying renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system suppression novelty and significance. Hypertension. 2015;65:1316–1323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George EM, Granger JP. Linking placental ischemia and hypertension in preeclampsia: role of endothelin 1. Hypertension. 2012;60:507–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eiland E, Nzerue C, Faulkner M. Preeclampsia 2012. J Pregnancy. 2012;2012:586578.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar