In vivo evidence of inflammasome activation during spontaneous labor at term

References

• Romero R, Nores J, Mazor M, et al. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity during term labor. Prevalence and clinical significance. J Reprod Med. 1993;38(7):543–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seong HS, Lee SE, Kang JH, et al. The frequency of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and histologic chorioamnionitis in women at term with intact membranes in the presence or absence of labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;199(4):375.e1–375.e5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Espinoza J, Gonçalves LF, et al. Inflammation in preterm and term labour and delivery. Semin Fetal Neonat Med. 2006;11(5):317–326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddad R, Tromp G, Kuivaniemi H, et al. Human spontaneous labor without histologic chorioamnionitis is characterized by an acute inflammation gene expression signature. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195(2):394.e1–394.24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan SS, Romero R, Haddad R, et al. The transcriptome of the uterine cervix before and after spontaneous term parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195(3):778–786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman JE, Bollapragada S, Yuan M, et al. Inflammatory pathways in the mechanism of parturition. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2007;7(Suppl 1):S7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hassan SS, Romero R, Tarca AL, et al. The transcriptome of cervical ripening in human pregnancy before the onset of labor at term: identification of novel molecular functions involved in this process. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009;22(12):1183–1193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollapragada S, Youssef R, Jordan F, et al. Term labor is associated with a core inflammatory response in human fetal membranes, myometrium, and cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;200(1):104.e1–104.11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittal P, Romero R, Tarca AL, et al. Characterization of the myometrial transcriptome and biological pathways of spontaneous human labor at term. J Perinat Med. 2010;38(6):617–643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nhan-Chang CL, Romero R, Tarca AL, et al. Characterization of the transcriptome of chorioamniotic membranes at the site of rupture in spontaneous labor at term. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;202(5):462.e1–462.41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbib N, Aviram A, Gabbay Ben-Ziv R, et al. The effect of labor and delivery on white blood cell count. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(18):2904–2908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrera CA, Stoerker J, Carlquist J, et al. Cell-free DNA, inflammation, and the initiation of spontaneous term labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;217(5):583.e1–583.e8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillippe M. The link between cell-free DNA, inflammation and the initiation of spontaneous labor at term. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;217(5):501–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Brody DT, Oyarzun E, et al. Infection and labor. III. Interleukin-1: a signal for the onset of parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;160(5 Pt 1):1117–1123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Parvizi ST, Oyarzun E, et al. Amniotic fluid interleukin-1 in spontaneous labor at term. J Reprod Med. 1990;35(3):235–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Mazor M, Brandt F, et al. Interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta in preterm and term human parturition. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1992;27(3–4):117–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Sepulveda W, Mazor M, et al. The natural interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in term and preterm parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;167(4 Pt 1):863–872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Mazor M, Sepulveda W, et al. Tumor necrosis factor in preterm and term labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;166(5):1576–1587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saito S, Kasahara T, Kato Y, et al. Elevation of amniotic fluid interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in term and preterm parturition. Cytokine. 1993;5(1):81–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opsjłn SL, Wathen NC, Tingulstad S, et al. Tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 in normal human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;169(2 Pt 1):397–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Gomez R, Galasso M, et al. The natural interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the fetal, maternal, and amniotic fluid compartments: the effect of gestational age, fetal gender, and intrauterine infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;171(4):912–921.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews WW, Hauth JC, Goldenberg RL, et al. Amniotic fluid interleukin-6: correlation with upper genital tract microbial colonization and gestational age in women delivered after spontaneous labor versus indicated delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;173(2):606–612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oláh KS, Vince GS, Neilson JP, et al. Interleukin-6, interferon-gamma, interleukin-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor levels in human amniotic fluid at term. J Reprod Immunol. 1996;32(1):89–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maymon E, Ghezzi F, Edwin SS, et al. The tumor necrosis factor alpha and its soluble receptor profile in term and preterm parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;181(5 Pt 1):1142–1148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen JM, Chamley L, Keelan JA, et al. Cytokines of the placenta and extra-placental membranes: roles and regulation during human pregnancy and parturition. Placenta. 2002;23(4):257–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemp B, Winkler M, Maas A, et al. Cytokine concentrations in the amniotic fluid during parturition at term: correlation to lower uterine segment values and to labor. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2002;81(10):938–942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keelan JA, Blumenstein M, Helliwell RJ, et al. Cytokines, prostaglandins and parturition – a review. Placenta. 2003;24(Suppl A):S33–S46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotsch F, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, et al. The anti-inflammatory limb of the immune response in preterm labor, intra-amniotic infection/inflammation, and spontaneous parturition at term: a role for interleukin-10. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2008;21(8):529–547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Ceska M, Avila C, et al. Neutrophil attractant/activating peptide-1/interleukin-8 in term and preterm parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;165(4 Pt 1):813–820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Gomez R, Galasso M, et al. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha in term and preterm parturition: effect of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1994;32(2):108–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dudley DJ, Hunter C, Mitchell MD, et al. Elevations of amniotic fluid macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha concentrations in women during term and preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;87(1):94–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athayde N, Romero R, Maymon E, et al. A role for the novel cytokine RANTES in pregnancy and parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;181(4):989–994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esplin MS, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, et al. Amniotic fluid levels of immunoreactive monocyte chemotactic protein-1 increase during term parturition. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2003;14(1):51–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamill N, Romero R, Gotsch F, et al. Exodus-1 (CCL20): evidence for the participation of this chemokine in spontaneous labor at term, preterm labor, and intrauterine infection. J Perinat Med. 2008;36(3):217–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unal ER, Cierny JT, Roedner C, et al. Maternal inflammation in spontaneous term labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;204(3):223.e1–223.e5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cierny JT, Unal ER, Flood P, et al. Maternal inflammatory markers and term labor performance. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;210(5):447.e1–447.e6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kucukgul S, Ozkan ZS, Yavuzkir S, et al. Investigation of the maternal and cord plasma levels of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and VEGF in early membrane rupture. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(13):2157–2160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taniguchi T, Matsuzaki N, Kameda T, et al. The enhanced production of placental interleukin-1 during labor and intrauterine infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;165(1):131–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fidel PL Jr, Romero R, Ramirez M, et al. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) production by human amnion, chorion, and decidua. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1994;32(1):1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dudley DJ, Collmer D, Mitchell MD, et al. Inflammatory cytokine mRNA in human gestational tissues: implications for term and preterm labor. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 1996;3(6):328–335.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ammälä M, Nyman T, Salmi A, et al. The interleukin-1 system in gestational tissues at term: effect of labour. Placenta. 1997;18(8):717–723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keelan JA, Marvin KW, Sato TA, et al. Cytokine abundance in placental tissues: evidence of inflammatory activation in gestational membranes with term and preterm parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;181(6):1530–1536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young A, Thomson AJ, Ledingham M, et al. Immunolocalization of proinflammatory cytokines in myometrium, cervix, and fetal membranes during human parturition at term. Biol Reprod. 2002;66(2):445–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonergan M, Aponso D, Marvin KW, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), TRAIL receptors, and the soluble receptor osteoprotegerin in human gestational membranes and amniotic fluid during pregnancy and labor at term and preterm. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(8):3835–3844.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osman I, Young A, Ledingham MA, et al. Leukocyte density and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human fetal membranes, decidua, cervix and myometrium before and during labour at term. Mol Hum Reprod. 2003;9(1):41–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esplin MS, Peltier MR, Hamblin S, et al. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression is increased in human gestational tissues during term and preterm labor. Placenta. 2005;26(8–9):661–671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim GJ, Romero R, Kuivaniemi H, et al. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in normal spontaneous labor at term, preterm labor, and preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;193(3 Pt 2):1137–1143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YM, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, et al. Toll-like receptor-2 and −4 in the chorioamniotic membranes in spontaneous labor at term and in preterm parturition that are associated with chorioamnionitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;191(4):1346–1355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koga K, Mor G. Toll-like receptors at the maternal-fetal interface in normal pregnancy and pregnancy disorders. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2010;63(6):587–600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koga K, Izumi G, Mor G, et al. Toll-like receptors at the maternal–fetal interface in normal pregnancy and pregnancy complications. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2014;72(2):192–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephen GL, Lui S, Hamilton SA, et al. Transcriptomic profiling of human choriodecidua during term labor: inflammation as a key driver of labor. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2015;73(1):36–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Lopez N, Tong WC, Arenas-Hernandez M, et al. Chemotactic activity of gestational tissues through late pregnancy, term labor, and RU486-induced preterm labor in Guinea pigs. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2015;73(4):341–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liggins G. Cervical ripening as an inflammatory reaction. In: Ellwood E, Anderson A, editors. The cervix in pregnancy and labor: clinical and biochemical investigations. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1981. p. 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Bokström H, Brännström M, Alexandersson M, et al. Leukocyte subpopulations in the human uterine cervical stroma at early and term pregnancy. Hum Reprod. 1997;12(3):586–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackler AM, Iezza G, Akin MR, et al. Macrophage trafficking in the uterus and cervix precedes parturition in the mouse. Biol Reprod. 1999;61(4):879–883.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly RW. Inflammatory mediators and cervical ripening. J Reprod Immunol. 2002;57(1–2):217–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakamoto Y, Moran P, Bulmer JN, et al. Macrophages and not granulocytes are involved in cervical ripening. J Reprod Immunol. 2005;66(2):161–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yellon SM, Ebner CA, Sugimoto Y. Parturition and recruitment of macrophages in cervix of mice lacking the prostaglandin F receptor. Biol Reprod. 2008;78(3):438–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yellon SM, Oshiro BT, Chhaya TY, et al. Remodeling of the cervix and parturition in mice lacking the progesterone receptor B isoform. Biol Reprod. 2011;85(3):498–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clyde LA, Lechuga TJ, Ebner CA, et al. Transection of the pelvic or vagus nerve forestalls ripening of the cervix and delays birth in rats. Biol Reprod. 2011;84(3):587–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne KJ, Clyde LA, Weldon AJ, et al. Residency and activation of myeloid cells during remodeling of the prepartum murine cervix. Biol Reprod. 2012;87(5):106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers DA. The recruitment and activation of leukocytes into the immune cervix: further support that cervical remodeling involves an immune and inflammatory mechanism. Biol Reprod. 2012;87(5):107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson AJ, Telfer JF, Young A, et al. Leukocytes infiltrate the myometrium during human parturition: further evidence that labour is an inflammatory process. Hum Reprod. 1999;14(1):229–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shynlova O, Tsui P, Dorogin A, et al. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL-2) integrates mechanical and endocrine signals that mediate term and preterm labor. J Immunol. 2008;181(2):1470–1479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shynlova O, Tsui P, Jaffer S, et al. Integration of endocrine and mechanical signals in the regulation of myometrial functions during pregnancy and labour. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2009;144(Suppl 1):S2–S10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton S, Oomomian Y, Stephen G, et al. Macrophages infiltrate the human and rat decidua during term and preterm labor: evidence that decidual inflammation precedes labor. Biol Reprod. 2012;86(2):39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shynlova O, Nedd-Roderique T, Li Y, et al. Infiltration of myeloid cells into decidua is a critical early event in the labour cascade and post-partum uterine remodelling. J Cell Mol Med. 2013;17(2):311–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shynlova O, Lee YH, Srikhajon K, et al. Physiologic uterine inflammation and labor onset: integration of endocrine and mechanical signals. Reprod Sci. 2013;20(2):154–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arenas-Hernandez M, Romero R, St Louis D, et al. An imbalance between innate and adaptive immune cells at the maternal–fetal interface occurs prior to endotoxin-induced preterm birth. Cell Mol Immunol. 2016;13(4):462–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osman I, Young A, Jordan F, et al. Leukocyte density and proinflammatory mediator expression in regional human fetal membranes and decidua before and during labor at term. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 2006;13(2):97–103.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gomez-Lopez N, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Jimenez-Zamudio L, et al. Fetal membranes exhibit selective leukocyte chemotaxic activity during human labor. J Reprod Immunol. 2009;80(1–2):122–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Lopez N, Vadillo-Perez L, Hernandez-Carbajal A, et al. Specific inflammatory microenvironments in the zones of the fetal membranes at term delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205(3):235.e15–235.e24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Lopez N, Vadillo-Perez L, Nessim S, et al. Choriodecidua and amnion exhibit selective leukocyte chemotaxis during term human labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;204(4):364.e9–364.16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Lopez N, Vega-Sanchez R, Castillo-Castrejon M, et al. Evidence for a role for the adaptive immune response in human term parturition. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2013;69(3):212–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Y, Plazyo O, Romero R, et al. Isolation of leukocytes from the human maternal-fetal interface. J Vis Exp. 2015:e52863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen GY, Nuñez G. Sterile inflammation: sensing and reacting to damage. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010;10(12):826–837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubartelli A, Lotze MT. Inside, outside, upside down: damage-associated molecular-pattern molecules (DAMPs) and redox. Trends Immunol. 2007;28(10):429–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lotze MT, Zeh HJ, Rubartelli A, et al. The grateful dead: damage-associated molecular pattern molecules and reduction/oxidation regulate immunity. Immunol Rev. 2007;220:60–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oppenheim JJ, Yang D. Alarmins: chemotactic activators of immune responses. Curr Opin Immunol. 2005;17(4):359–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinon F, Pétrilli V, Mayor A, et al. Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome. Nature. 2006;440(7081):237–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariathasan S, Weiss DS, Newton K, et al. Cryopyrin activates the inflammasome in response to toxins and ATP. Nature. 2006;440(7081):228–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dostert C, Pétrilli V, Van Bruggen R, et al. Innate immune activation through Nalp3 inflammasome sensing of asbestos and silica. Science. 2008;320(5876):674–677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassel SL, Eisenbarth SC, Iyer SS, et al. The Nalp3 inflammasome is essential for the development of silicosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105(26):9035–9040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornung V, Bauernfeind F, Halle A, et al. Silica crystals and aluminum salts activate the NALP3 inflammasome through phagosomal destabilization. Nat Immunol. 2008;9(8):847–856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassel SL, Joly S, Sutterwala FS. The NLRP3 inflammasome: a sensor of immune danger signals. Semin Immunol. 2009;21(4):194–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamasaki K, Muto J, Taylor KR, et al. NLRP3/cryopyrin is necessary for interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) release in response to hyaluronan, an endogenous trigger of inflammation in response to injury. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(19):12762–12771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassel SL, Sutterwala FS. Sterile inflammatory responses mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome. Eur J Immunol. 2010;40(3):607–611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leemans JC, Cassel SL, Sutterwala FS. Sensing damage by the NLRP3 inflammasome. Immunol Rev. 2011;243(1):152–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakahira K, Haspel JA, Rathinam VA, et al. Autophagy proteins regulate innate immune responses by inhibiting the release of mitochondrial DNA mediated by the NALP3 inflammasome. Nat Immunol. 2011;12(3):222–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyer SS, He Q, Janczy JR, et al. Mitochondrial cardiolipin is required for Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. Immunity. 2013;39(2):311–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Neill LA. Cardiolipin and the Nlrp3 inflammasome. Cell Metab. 2013;18(5):610–612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinon F, Burns K, Tschopp J. The inflammasome: a molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-beta. Mol Cell. 2002;10(2):417–426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrilli V, Papin S, Tschopp J. The inflammasome. Curr Biol. 2005;15(15):R581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogura Y, Sutterwala FS, Flavell RA. The inflammasome: first line of the immune response to cell stress. Cell. 2006;126(4):659–662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutterwala FS, Ogura Y, Flavell RA. The inflammasome in pathogen recognition and inflammation. J Leukoc Biol. 2007;82(2):259–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariathasan S, Monack DM. Inflammasome adaptors and sensors: intracellular regulators of infection and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007;7(1):31–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stutz A, Golenbock DT, Latz E. Inflammasomes: too big to miss. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(12):3502–3511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franchi L, Eigenbrod T, Muñoz-Planillo R, et al. The inflammasome: a caspase-1-activation platform that regulates immune responses and disease pathogenesis. Nat Immunol. 2009;10(3):241–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jha S, Ting JP. Inflammasome-associated nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat proteins and inflammatory diseases. J Immunol. 2009;183(12):7623–7629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedra JH, Cassel SL, Sutterwala FS. Sensing pathogens and danger signals by the inflammasome. Curr Opin Immunol. 2009;21(1):10–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamkanfi M, Dixit VM. Inflammasomes: guardians of cytosolic sanctity. Immunol Rev. 2009;227(1):95–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latz E. The inflammasomes: mechanisms of activation and function. Curr Opin Immunol. 2010;22(1):28–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroder K, Tschopp J. The inflammasomes. Cell. 2010;140(6):821–832.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franchi L, Muñoz-Planillo R, Reimer T, et al. Inflammasomes as microbial sensors. Eur J Immunol. 2010;40(3):611–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauernfeind F, Ablasser A, Bartok E, et al. Inflammasomes: current understanding and open questions. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2011;68(5):765–783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kersse K, Bertrand MJ, Lamkanfi M, et al. NOD-like receptors and the innate immune system: coping with danger, damage and death. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2011;22(5–6):257–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross O, Thomas CJ, Guarda G, et al. The inflammasome: an integrated view. Immunol Rev. 2011;243(1):136–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamkanfi M. Emerging inflammasome effector mechanisms. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11(3):213–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamkanfi M, Dixit VM. Modulation of inflammasome pathways by bacterial and viral pathogens. J Immunol. 2011;187(2):597–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broz P, Monack DM. Molecular mechanisms of inflammasome activation during microbial infections. Immunol Rev. 2011;243(1):174–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skeldon A, Saleh M. The inflammasomes: molecular effectors of host resistance against bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal infections. Front Microbiol. 2011;2:15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath GL, Schrum JE, De Nardo CM, et al. Intracellular sensing of microbes and danger signals by the inflammasomes. Immunol Rev. 2011;243(1):119–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG, Dinarello CA, et al. Inflammasome activation and IL-1beta and IL-18 processing during infection. Trends Immunol. 2011;32(3):110–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franchi L, Muñoz-Planillo R, Núñez G. Sensing and reacting to microbes through the inflammasomes. Nat Immunol. 2012;13(4):325–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagenais M, Skeldon A, Saleh M. The inflammasome: in memory of Dr. Jurg Tschopp. Cell Death Differ. 2012;19(1):5–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciraci C, Janczy JR, Sutterwala FS, et al. Control of innate and adaptive immunity by the inflammasome. Microbes Infect. 2012;14(14):1263–1270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathinam VA, Vanaja SK, Fitzgerald KA. Regulation of inflammasome signaling. Nat Immunol. 2012;13(4):333–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franchi L, Núñez G. Immunology. Orchestrating inflammasomes. Science. 2012;337(6100):1299–1300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henao-Mejia J, Elinav E, Strowig T, et al. Inflammasomes: far beyond inflammation. Nat Immunol. 2012;13(4):321–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latz E, Xiao TS, Stutz A. Activation and regulation of the inflammasomes. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013;13(6):397–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauernfeind F, Hornung V. Of inflammasomes and pathogens – sensing of microbes by the inflammasome. EMBO Mol Med. 2013;5(6):814–826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vladimer GI, Marty-Roix R, Ghosh S, et al. Inflammasomes and host defenses against bacterial infections. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2013;16(1):23–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamkanfi M, Dixit VM. Mechanisms and functions of inflammasomes. Cell. 2014;157(5):1013–1022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulland TK, Ferguson PJ, Sutterwala FS. Evasion of inflammasome activation by microbial pathogens. J Clin Invest. 2015;125(2):469–477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanaja SK, Rathinam VA, Fitzgerald KA. Mechanisms of inflammasome activation: recent advances and novel insights. Trends Cell Biol. 2015;25(5):308–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo H, Callaway JB, Ting JP. Inflammasomes: mechanism of action, role in disease, and therapeutics. Nat Med. 2015;21(7):677–687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black RA, Kronheim SR, Merriam JE, et al. A pre-aspartate-specific protease from human leukocytes that cleaves pro-interleukin-1 beta. J Biol Chem. 1989;264(10):5323–5326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostura MJ, Tocci MJ, Limjuco G, et al. Identification of a monocyte specific pre-interleukin 1 beta convertase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989;86(14):5227–5231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornberry NA, Bull HG, Calaycay JR, et al. A novel heterodimeric cysteine protease is required for interleukin-1 beta processing in monocytes. Nature. 1992;356(6372):768–774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerretti DP, Kozlosky CJ, Mosley B, et al. Molecular cloning of the interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme. Science. 1992;256(5053):97–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu Y, Kuida K, Tsutsui H, et al. Activation of interferon-gamma inducing factor mediated by interleukin-1beta converting enzyme. Science. 1997;275(5297):206–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghayur T, Banerjee S, Hugunin M, et al. Caspase-1 processes IFN-gamma-inducing factor and regulates LPS-induced IFN-gamma production. Nature. 1997;386(6625):619–623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-18, and the interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998;856:1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fantuzzi G, Dinarello CA. Interleukin-18 and interleukin-1 beta: two cytokine substrates for ICE (caspase-1). J Clin Immunol. 1999;19(1):1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sansonetti PJ, Phalipon A, Arondel J, et al. Caspase-1 activation of IL-1beta and IL-18 are essential for Shigella flexneri-induced inflammation. Immunity. 2000;12(5):581–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahlenberg JM, Lundberg KC, Kertesy SB, et al. Potentiation of caspase-1 activation by the P2X7 receptor is dependent on TLR signals and requires NF-kappaB-driven protein synthesis. J Immunol. 2005;175(11):7611–7622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Netea MG, van de Veerdonk FL, van der Meer JW, et al. Inflammasome-independent regulation of IL-1-family cytokines. Annu Rev Immunol. 2015;33:49–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cookson BT, Brennan MA. Pro-inflammatory programmed cell death. Trends Microbiol. 2001;9(3):113–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miao EA, Rajan JV, Aderem A. Caspase-1-induced pyroptotic cell death. Immunol Rev. 2011;243(1):206–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shalini S, Dorstyn L, Dawar S, et al. Old, new and emerging functions of caspases. Cell Death Differ. 2015;22(4):526–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pineles BL, Romero R, Montenegro D, et al. The inflammasome in human parturition. Reprod Sci. 2007;14:59A.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotsch F, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, et al. Evidence of the involvement of caspase-1 under physiologic and pathologic cellular stress during human pregnancy: a link between the inflammasome and parturition. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2008;21(9):605–616.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Xu Y, Plazyo O, et al. A role for the inflammasome in spontaneous labor at term. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2018 [cited 2016 Mar 8]. DOI:10.1111/aji.12440
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Lopez N, Romero R, Xu Y, et al. A role for the inflammasome in spontaneous labor at term with acute histologic chorioamnionitis. Reprod Sci. 2017;24(6):934–953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Lopez N, Romero R, Xu Y, et al. Inflammasome assembly in the chorioamniotic membranes during spontaneous labor at term. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2017;77(5):e12648.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Lopez N, Romero R, Xu Y, et al. A role for the inflammasome in spontaneous preterm labor with acute histologic chorioamnionitis. Reprod Sci. 2017;24(10):1382–1401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plazyo O, Romero R, Unkel R, et al. HMGB1 induces an inflammatory response in the chorioamniotic membranes that is partially mediated by the inflammasome. Biol Reprod. 2016;95(6):130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauernfeind FG, Horvath G, Stutz A, et al. Cutting edge: NF-kappaB activating pattern recognition and cytokine receptors license NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating NLRP3 expression. J Immunol. 2009;183(2):787–791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutterwala FS, Haasken S, Cassel SL. Mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014;1319:82–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vajjhala PR, Mirams RE, Hill JM. Multiple binding sites on the pyrin domain of ASC protein allow selfassociation and interaction with NLRP3 protein. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(50):41732–41743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandes-Alnemri T, Wu J, Yu JW, et al. The pyroptosome: a supramolecular assembly of ASC dimers mediating inflammatory cell death via caspase-1 activation. Cell Death Differ. 2007;14(9):1590–1604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balci-Peynircioglu B, Waite AL, Schaner P, et al. Expression of ASC in renal tissues of familial Mediterranean fever patients with amyloidosis: postulating a role for ASC in AA type amyloid deposition. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2008;233(11):1324–1333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baroja-Mazo A, Martín-Sánchez F, Gomez AI, et al. The NLRP3 inflammasome is released as a particulate danger signal that amplifies the inflammatory response. Nat Immunol. 2014;15(8):738–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin BS, Bossaller L, De Nardo D, et al. The adaptor ASC has extracellular and “prionoid” activities that propagate inflammation. Nat Immunol. 2014;15(8):727–737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Mazor M, Wu YK, et al. Infection in the pathogenesis of preterm labor. Semin Perinatol. 1988;12(4):262–279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Mazor M. Infection and preterm labor. Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 1988;31(3):553–584.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Shamma F, Avila C, et al. Infection and labor. VI. Prevalence, microbiology, and clinical significance of intraamniotic infection in twin gestations with preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990;163(3):757–761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Ghidini A, Mazor M, et al. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in premature rupture of membranes. Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 1991;34(4):769–778.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon BH, Romero R, Moon JB, et al. Clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;185(5):1130–1136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Miranda J, Chaiworapongsa T, et al. A novel molecular microbiologic technique for the rapid diagnosis of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and intra-amniotic infection in preterm labor with intact membranes. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2014;71(4):330–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Miranda J, Chaiworapongsa T, et al. Prevalence and clinical significance of sterile intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2014;72(5):458–474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Miranda J, Kusanovic JP, et al. Clinical chorioamnionitis at term I: microbiology of the amniotic cavity using cultivation and molecular techniques. J Perinat Med. 2015;43(1):19–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Miranda J, Chaemsaithong P, et al. Sterile and microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;28(12):1394–1409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kacerovsky M, Musilova I, Stepan M, et al. Detection of intraamniotic inflammation in fresh and processed amniotic fluid samples with the interleukin-6 point of care test. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(3):435–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaemsaithong P, Romero R, Korzeniewski SJ, et al. A point of care test for the determination of amniotic fluid interleukin-6 and the chemokine CXCL-10/IP-10. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;28(13):1510–1519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Combs CA, Garite TJ, Lapidus JA, et al. Obstetrix Collaborative Research N. Detection of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity by analysis of cervicovaginal proteins in women with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212:482.e1–482.e12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park JY, Romero R, Lee J, et al. An elevated amniotic fluid prostaglandin F2alpha concentration is associated with intra-amniotic inflammation/infection, and clinical and histologic chorioamnionitis, as well as impending preterm delivery in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(16):2563–2572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunze M, Klar M, Morfeld CA, et al. Cytokines in noninvasively obtained amniotic fluid as predictors of fetal inflammatory response syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(1):96.e1–96.e8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Korzeniewski SJ, et al. Clinical chorioamnionitis at term II: the intra-amniotic inflammatory response. J Perinat Med. 2016;44(1):5–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaemsaithong P, Romero R, Korzeniewski SJ, et al. A rapid interleukin-6 bedside test for the identification of intra-amniotic inflammation in preterm labor with intact membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(3):349–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Korzeniewski SJ, et al. Clinical chorioamnionitis at term III: how well do clinical criteria perform in the identification of proven intra-amniotic infection? J Perinat Med. 2016;44(1):23–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revello R, Alcaide MJ, Dudzik D, et al. Differential amniotic fluid cytokine profile in women with chorioamnionitis with and without funisitis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(13):2161–2165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Docheva N, et al. Clinical chorioamnionitis at term IV: the maternal plasma cytokine profile. J Perinat Med. 2016;44(1):77–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaemsaithong P, Romero R, Korzeniewski SJ, et al. A point of care test for interleukin-6 in amniotic fluid in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes: a step toward the early treatment of acute intra-amniotic inflammation/infection. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(3):360–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez-Varea A, Romero R, Xu Y, et al. Clinical chorioamnionitis at term VII: the amniotic fluid cellular immune response. J Perinat Med. 2017;45(5):523–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh KJ, Kim SM, Hong JS, et al. Twenty-four percent of patients with clinical chorioamnionitis in preterm gestations have no evidence of either culture-proven intraamniotic infection or intraamniotic inflammation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(6):604.e1–604.e11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kacerovsky M, Radochova V, Musilova I, et al. Levels of multiple proteins in gingival crevicular fluid and intra-amniotic complications in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017:1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaiyasit N, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, et al. Clinical chorioamnionitis at term VIII: a rapid MMP-8 test for the identification of intra-amniotic inflammation. J Perinat Med. 2017;45(5):539–550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Lopez N, Romero R, Garcia-Flores V, et al. Amniotic fluid neutrophils can phagocytize bacteria: a mechanism for microbial killing in the amniotic cavity. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2017;78(4):e12723.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musilova I, Andrys C, Drahosova M, et al. Intraamniotic inflammation and umbilical cord blood interleukin-6 concentrations in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;30(8):900–910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Lopez N, Romero R, Xu Y, et al. Are amniotic fluid neutrophils in women with intraamniotic infection and/or inflammation of fetal or maternal origin? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;217(6):693.e1–693.e16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh KJ, Hong JS, Romero R, et al. The frequency and clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation in twin pregnancies with preterm labor and intact membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017:1–15.
   Google Scholar
• Kim CJ, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, et al. Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(4 Suppl):S29–S52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redline RW. Classification of placental lesions. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(4 Suppl):S21–S28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revello R, Alcaide MJ, Abehsera D, et al. Prediction of chorioamnionitis in cases of intraamniotic infection by ureaplasma urealyticum in women with very preterm premature rupture of membranes or preterm labour. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017:1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Docheva N, et al. Clinical chorioamnionitis at term VI: acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis according to the presence or absence of microorganisms and inflammation in the amniotic cavity. J Perinat Med. 2016;44(1):33–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon BH, Romero R, Park JS, et al. The relationship among inflammatory lesions of the umbilical cord (funisitis), umbilical cord plasma interleukin 6 concentration, amniotic fluid infection, and neonatal sepsis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;183(5):1124–1129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacora P, Chaiworapongsa T, Maymon E, et al. Funisitis and chorionic vasculitis: the histological counterpart of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2002;11(1):18–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Docheva N, et al. Clinical chorioamnionitis at term V: umbilical cord plasma cytokine profile in the context of a systemic maternal inflammatory response. J Perinat Med. 2016;44(1):53–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apgar V. A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant. Curr Res Anesth Analg. 1953;32(4):260–267.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thavarajah H, Flatley C, Kumar S. The relationship between the five minute Apgar score, mode of birth and neonatal outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017:1–7.
   Google Scholar
• van Tetering AAC, van de Ven J, Fransen AF, et al. Risk factors of incomplete Apgar score and umbilical cord blood gas analysis: a retrospective observational study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;30(21):2539–2544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai X, Chen J, Xu H, et al. Prion-like polymerization underlies signal transduction in antiviral immune defense and inflammasome activation. Cell. 2014;156(6):1207–1222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu A, Magupalli VG, Ruan J, et al. Unified polymerization mechanism for the assembly of ASC-dependent inflammasomes. Cell. 2014;156(6):1193–1206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruland J. Inflammasome: putting the pieces together. Cell. 2014;156(6):1127–1129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahillioglu AC, Sumbul F, Ozoren N, et al. Structural and dynamics aspects of ASC speck assembly. Structure. 2014;22(12):1722–1734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dick MS, Sborgi L, Rühl S, et al. ASC filament formation serves as a signal amplification mechanism for inflammasomes. Nat Commun. 2016;7:11929.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivasula SM, Poyet JL, Razmara M, et al. The pyrin-CARD protein ASC is an activating adaptor for caspase-1. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(24):21119–21122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacora P, Romero R, Maymon E, et al. Participation of the novel cytokine interleukin 18 in the host response to intra-amniotic infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;183(5):1138–1143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoyes AD. Ultrastructure of the cells of the amniotic fluid. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw. 1968;75(2):164–171.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Medina-Gomez P, McBride WH. Amniotic fluid macrophages from normal and malformed fetuses. Prenat Diagn. 1986;6(3):195–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He Y, Hara H, Núñez G. Mechanism and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Trends Biochem Sci. 2016;41(12):1012–1021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Durum S, Dinarello CA, et al. Interleukin-1 stimulates prostaglandin biosynthesis by human amnion. Prostaglandins. 1989;37(1):13–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell MD, Edwin S, Romero RJ. Prostaglandin biosynthesis by human decidual cells: effects of inflammatory mediators. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1990;41(1):35–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown NL, Alvi SA, Elder MG, et al. Interleukin-1beta and bacterial endotoxin change the metabolism of prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha in intact term fetal membranes. Placenta. 1998;19(8):625–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertelendy F, Romero R, Molnár M, et al. Cytokine-initiated signal transduction in human myometrial cells. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1993;30(2–3):49–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertelendy F, Rastogi P, Molnár M, et al. Interleukin-1beta-induced prostaglandin E2 production in human myometrial cells: role of a pertussis toxin-sensitive component. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2001;45(3):142–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belt AR, Baldassare JJ, Molnár M, et al. The nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB mediates interleukin-1beta-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human myometrial cells. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;181(2):359–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watari M, Watari H, DiSanto ME, et al. Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce expression of matrix-metabolizing enzymes in human cervical smooth muscle cells. Am J Pathol. 1999;154(6):1755–1762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arechavaleta-Velasco F, Ogando D, Parry S, et al. Production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human amnion occurs through an autocrine and paracrine proinflammatory cytokine-dependent system. Biol Reprod. 2002;67(6):1952–1958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim SA, Ackerman WEt, Summerfield TL, et al. Inflammatory gene networks in term human decidual cells define a potential signature for cytokine-mediated parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214(2):284.e1–284.e47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Mazor M, Tartakovsky B. Systemic administration of interleukin-1 induces preterm parturition in mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;165(4 Pt 1):969–971.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gravett MG, Witkin SS, Haluska GJ, et al. An experimental model for intraamniotic infection and preterm labor in rhesus monkeys. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;171(6):1660–1667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witkin SS, Gravett MG, Haluska GJ, et al. Induction of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in rhesus monkeys after intraamniotic infection with group B streptococci or interleukin-1 infusion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;171(6):1668–1672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baggia S, Gravett MG, Witkin SS, et al. Interleukin-1 beta intra-amniotic infusion induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha, prostaglandin production, and preterm contractions in pregnant rhesus monkeys. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 1996;3(3):121–126.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vadillo-Ortega F, Sadowsky DW, Haluska GJ, et al. Identification of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in amniotic fluid and amniochorion in spontaneous labor and after experimental intrauterine infection or interleukin-1 beta infusion in pregnant rhesus monkeys. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;186(1):128–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadowsky DW, Adams KM, Gravett MG, et al. Preterm labor is induced by intraamniotic infusions of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha but not by interleukin-6 or interleukin-8 in a nonhuman primate model. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195(6):1578–1589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aagaard K, Ganu R, Ma J, et al. Intraamniotic interleukin-1 (IL1β) induces histological chorioamnionitis and alters the microbiome in a primate model of inflammatory preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;208:S218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prince A, Ma J, Miller L, et al. Chorioamnionitis induced by intraamniotic injection of IL1, LPS or Ureaplasma parvum is associated with an altered microbiome in a primate model of inflammatory preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;212:S153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Presicce P, Senthamaraikannan P, Alvarez M, et al. Neutrophil recruitment and activation in decidua with intra-amniotic IL-1beta in the preterm rhesus macaque. Biol Reprod. 2015;92(2):56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar