References
- Olofsson P, Norén H, Carlsson A. New FIGO and Swedish intrapartum cardiotocography classification systems incorporated in the fetal ECG ST analysis (STAN) interpretation algorithm: agreements and discrepancies in cardiotocography classification and evaluation of significant ST events. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018;97:219–228.
- Ayres-de-Campos D, Spong CY, Chandraharan E, et al., for the Figo Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring Expert Consensus Panel. FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: cardiotocography. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2015;131:13–24.
- Holzman M, Jonsson M, Weichelbaum M, et al. Nya svenska riktlinjer för CTG-tolkning under förlossning [New Swedish guidelines for intrapartum CTG interpretation]. (In Swedish. No abstract available). Swedish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2016;4:33–34.
- Rosén KG, Mårtendal A. The physiology of fetal surveillance. In: The Green Book of Neoventa part I. Göteborg: Neoventa Medical AB; 2014.
- Devoe LD, Ross M, Wilde C, et al. United States multicenter clinical usage study of the STAN 21 electronic fetal monitoring system. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:729–734.
- Ross MG, Devoe LD, Rosen KG. ST-segment analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram improves fetal heart rate tracing interpretation and clinical decision making. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2004;15:181–185.
- Westgate J, Harris M, Curnow JSH, et al. Plymouth randomized trial of cardiotocogram only versus ST waveform plus cardiotocogram for intrapartum monitoring in 2400 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;169:1151–1160.
- FDA Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfCFR/CFRSearch.cfm?FR=884.2050
- EU project IPS-1999-00029 Dissemination of a knowledge based system for determining appropriate intervention during labour based on a qualified analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram. Available from: https://www.cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/52005_en.html
- Luttkus AK, Norén H, Stupin JH, et al. Fetal scalp pH and ST analysis of the fetal ECG as an adjunct to CTG – a multi-centre, observational study. J Perinat Med. 2004;32:486–494.
- Figo Subcommittee on Standards in Perinatal Medicine. Guidelines for the use of fetal monitoring. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 1987;25:159–167.
- Nunes I, Ayres-de-Campos D, Kwee A, et al. Prolonged saltatory fetal heart rate pattern leading to newborn metabolic acidosis. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2014;41:507–511.
- Siira SM, Ojala TH, Vahlberg TJ, et al. Marked fetal acidosis and specific changes in power spectrum analysis of fetal heart rate variability recorded during the last hour of labour. BJOG. 2005;112:418–423.
- Siira S, Ojala T, Ekholm E, et al. Change in heart rate variability in relation to a significant ST-event associates with newborn metabolic acidosis. BJOG. 2007;114:819–823.
- Blad S. Fetal reactivity assessment during intrapartum stress by analysis of the fetal ECG signal. Thesis University of Gothenburg, ISBN: 978-91-628-8310-2; 2011.
- Thorén P. Reflex bradycardia elicited from left ventricular receptors during acute severe hypoxia in cats. Acta Physiol Scand. 1973;87:103–112.
- Thorén P. Role of cardiac vagal C-fibers in cardiovascular control. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 1979;86:1–94.
- Frasch MG, Mansano RZ, McPhaul L, et al. Measures of acidosis with repetitive umbilical cord occlusions leading to fetal asphyxia in the near-term ovine fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;200:200.e1–200.e7.
- Westgate JA, Bennet L, Gunn AJ. Fetal heart rate variability changes during brief repeated umbilical cord occlusion in near term fetal sheep. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1999;106:664–671.