References
- Drakeley AJ, Quenby S, Farquharson RG. Mid-trimester loss – appraisal of a screening protocol. Hum Reprod. 1998;13:1975–1980.
- Daskalakis G, Papantoniou N, Mesogitis S, et al. Management of cervical insufficiency and bulging fetal membranes. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107(Pt 1):221–226.
- Craigo SD. Cervical incompetence and preterm delivery. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:595–596.
- Ehsanipoor RM, Seligman NS, Saccone G, et al. Physical examination-indicated cerclage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;126:125–135.
- Althuisius SM, Dekker GA, Hummel P, et al. Cervical incompetence prevention randomized cerclage trial: emergency cerclage with bed rest versus bed rest alone. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189:907–910.
- Bernabeu A, Goya M, Martra M, et al. Physical examination-indicated cerclage in singleton and twin pregnancies: maternal–fetal outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29:2109–2113.
- Ciavattini A, Delli Carpini G, Boscarato V, et al. Effectiveness of emergency cerclage in cervical insufficiency. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29:2088–2092.
- Tezcan B, Hezelgrave N, Shennan A. The role of cervical ultrasound screening in determining the timing of emergency cerclage. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2012;32:444–446.
- Zhu LQ, Chen H, Chen LB, et al. Effects of emergency cervical cerclage on pregnancy outcome: a retrospective study of 158 cases. Med Sci Monit. 2015;21:1395–1401.
- Pereira L, Cotter A, Gómez R, et al. Expectant management compared with physical examination–indicated cerclage (EM-PEC) in selected women with a dilated cervix at 140/7-256/7 weeks: results from the EM-PEC international cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197:483.e1–483.e8.
- Terkildsen MF, Parilla BV, Kumar P, et al. Factors associated with success of emergent second-trimester cerclage. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101:565–569.
- Yang J, Hartmann KE, Savitz DA, et al. Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy and preterm birth. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160:118–125.
- McCormack RA, Doherty DA, Magann EF, et al. Antepartum bleeding of unknown origin in the second half of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. BJOG. 2008;115:1451–1457.
- Ramaeker DM, Simhan HN. Sonographic cervical length, vaginal bleeding, and the risk of preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206:224.e1–224.e4.
- Lockwood CJ, Kuczynski E. Markers of risk for preterm delivery. J Perinat Med. 1999;27:5–20.
- Elovitz MA, Baron J, Phillippe M. The role of thrombin in preterm parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;185:1059–1063.
- Rosen T, Kuczynski E, O'Neill LM, et al. Plasma levels of thrombin–antithrombin complexes predict preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2001;10:297–300.
- Gómez R, Romero R, Nien JK, et al. Idiopathic vaginal bleeding during pregnancy as the only clinical manifestation of intrauterine infection. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2005;18:31–37.
- Novy MJ, Gupta A, Wothe DD, et al. Cervical cerclage in the second trimester of pregnancy: a historical cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;184:1447–1454. Discussion 1454
- Ventolini G, Genrich TJ, Roth J, et al. Pregnancy outcome after placement of “rescue” Shirodkar cerclage. J Perinatol. 2009;29:276–279.
- Aoki S, Ohnuma E, Kurasawa K, et al. Emergency cerclage versus expectant management for prolapsed fetal membranes: a retrospective, comparative study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2014;40:381–386.
- Olatunbosun OA, Al-Nuaim L, Turnell RW. Emergency cerclage compared with bed rest for advanced cervical dilatation in pregnancy. Int Surg. 1995;80:170–174.
- Stupin JH, David M, Siedentopf JP, et al. Emergency cerclage versus bed rest for amniotic sac prolapse before 27 gestational weeks. A retrospective, comparative study of 161 women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008;139:32–37.
- Dahlke JD, Sperling JD, Chauhan SP, et al. Cervical cerclage during periviability: can we stabilize a moving target? Obstet Gynecol. 2016;127:934–940.