References
- Walsh CA, McMenamin MB, Foley ME, et al. Trends in intrapartum fetal death, 1979–2003. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198(1):47.e1–47.e7.
- Vintzileos AM, Nochimson DJ, Guzman ER, et al. Intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring versus intermittent auscultation: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 1995;85(1):149–155.
- Alfirevic Z, Devane D, Gyte GM, et al. Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2:CD006066.
- Nielsen PV, Stigsby B, Nickelsen C, et al. Intra- and inter-observer variability in the assessment of intrapartum cardiotocograms. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1987;66(5):421–424.
- Chauhan SP, Klauser CK, Woodring TC, et al. Intrapartum nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing and prediction of adverse outcomes: interobserver variability. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;199:623e1–623e5.
- Electronic fetal Heart Rate Monitoring: research guidelines for interpretation. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development research planning workshop. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;177:1385–1390.
- Macones GA, Hankins GDV, Spong CY, et al. The 2008 National Institute workshop report on electronic fetal monitoring. Update on definitions, interpretation and research guidelines. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112(3):661–666.
- Eden RD, Evans MI, Evans SM, et al. The “Fetal Reserve Index”: re-engineering the interpretation and responses to fetal heart rate patterns. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2018;43(2):90–104.
- Evans MI, Eden RD, Britt DW, et al. Re-engineering the interpretation of electronic fetal monitoring to identify reversible risk foe cerebral palsy: a case control series. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;32(15):2561–2569.
- Clark SL, Nageotte MP, Garite TJ, et al. Intrapartum management of category II fetal heart rate tracings: towards standardization of care. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;209(2):89–97.
- Parer JT, Ikeda T. A framework for standardized management of intrapartum fetal heart rate patterns. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197(1):26.e1–26.e6.
- Elliott C, Warrick PA, Graham E, et al. Graded classification of fetal heart rate tracings: association with neonatal metabolic acidosis and neurologic morbidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;202(3):258.e1–258.e8.
- Vintzileos AM, Smulian JC. Decelerations, tachycardia, and decreased variability: have we overlooked the significance of longitudinal fetal heart rate changes for detecting intrapartum fetal hypoxia? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(3):261–264.
- Ginsburg SJ, Gerstley L. Fetal tachycardia in labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1965;92:1132–1139.
- Goodwin TM, Belai I, Hernandez P, et al. Ashyxial complications in the term newborn with severe umbilical acidemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;167(6):1506–1512.
- Tolcher MC, Johnson RL, El-Nashar SA, et al. Decision-to-incision time and neonatal outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123(3):536–548.
- Tranquilli AL, Biagini A, Greco P, et al. The correlation between fetal bradycardia area in the second stage of labor and acidemia at birth. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2013;26(14):1425–1429.
- Clark SL, Hamilton EF, Garite TJ, et al. The limits of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring in the prevention of neonatal metabolic acidemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(2):163.e1–163.e6.
- Cahill AG, Spain J. Intrapartum fetal monitoring. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2015;58(2):263–268.
- Cahill AG, Roehl KA, Odibo AO, Macones GA. Association and prediction of neonatal acidemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;207(3):206.e1–8.
- Samueloff A, Langer O, Berkus M, et al. Is fetal heart rate variability a good predictor of fetal outcome? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1994;73(1):39–44.
- Triebwasser JE, Colvin R, Macones GA, et al. Nonreassuring Fetal Status in the Second Stage of Labor: fetal monitoring features and association with neonatal outcomes. Amer J Perinatol. 2016;33(07):665–670.