77
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Translocal assemblage: student activism and social movement learning in Pakistan

Received 15 Jun 2023, Accepted 05 Dec 2023, Published online: 13 Dec 2023

References

  • Abbas, Q., and F. Sulehria. 2020. “From Terrorism to Television: Dynamics of Media, State, and Society in Pakistan.” Taylor & Francis. https://books.google.com/books?id=KSfxDwAAQBAJ.
  • Adawy, Heba. 2021. “Dis-Settling Critique in Stasis: Reflections on the University from the South to the North | Green Agenda.” 2021. https://greenagenda.org.au/2021/08/reflections-on-the-university-from-the-south-to-the-north/.
  • Afzal, Nida. 2021. “Punjab University Has Become A Toxic Place Because The Administration Tolerates IJT.” 2021. https://www.thefridaytimes.com/2021/09/09/punjab-university-has-become-a-toxic-place-because-the-administration-tolerates-ijt/.
  • Akhtar, Aasim Sajjad. 2022. The Struggle for Hegemony in Pakistan: Fear, Desire and Revolutionary Horizons. Pluto Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2g591w8.
  • Altbach, Philip G, and Manja Klemencic. 2014. “Student Activism Remains a Potent Force Worldwide.” International Higher Education 76: 2–3. https://doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2014.76.5518.
  • Anand, Kusha, and Laraib Niaz. 2022. “The Precarious State of Academic Freedom in Higher Education: The Case of India and Pakistan,” 281.
  • Anderson, Ben, and Colin McFarlane. 2011. “Assemblage and Geography: Assemblage and Geography.” Area 43 (2): 124–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2011.01004.x.
  • Banerjee, Subhabrata Bobby. 2011. “Voices of the Governed: Towards a Theory of the Translocal.” Organization 18 (3): 323–344. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508411398729.
  • Bhabha, H. K. 2012. “The Location of Culture.” Taylor & Francis. https://books.google.com/books?id=f303o89XYF8C.
  • Bosch, Tanja. 2017. “Twitter Activism and Youth in South Africa: The Case of #RhodesMustFall.” Information, Communication & Society 20 (2): 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1162829.
  • Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2021. “Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide.” SAGE. https://books.google.com/books?id=eMArEAAAQBAJ.
  • Buriro, Ibrahim. 2020. “Zinda Hain Tulba! / The Students Live!” Jamhoor. January 9, 2020. https://www.jamhoor.org/read/2019/1/02/zinda-hain-tulba-the-students-live.
  • Butt, Iqbal. 2009. “Revisiting Student Politics in Pakistan, By Iqbal Haider Butt, Gujranwala: BARGAD, 2009. Pages, 180, Price Not Mentioned.” https://books.apple.com/au/book/revisiting-student-politics-in-pakistan-by-iqbal-haider/id480516673.
  • Charmaz, K. 2014. “Constructing Grounded Theory.” Introducing Qualitative Methods Series. SAGE. https://books.google.com/books?id=v_GGAwAAQBAJ.
  • Choudry, Aziz. 2015. Learning Activism: The Intellectual Life of Contemporary Social Movements. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Choudry, Aziz, and Dip Kapoor. 2010. “Learning from the Ground Up: Global Perspectives on Social Movements and Knowledge Production.” In Learning from the Ground Up: Global Perspectives on Social Movements and Knowledge Production, edited by Aziz Choudry and Dip Kapoor, 1–13. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230112650_1.
  • Choudry, A., and S. Vally. 2020. “The University and Social Justice: Struggles across the Globe.” Between the Lines. https://books.google.com/books?id=bs1KEAAAQBAJ.
  • Cini, Lorenzo, and César Guzmán-Concha. 2017. “Student Movements in the Age of Austerity. The Cases of Chile and England.” Social Movement Studies, 623–628. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2017.1331122.
  • Cini, Lorenzo, Donatella Porta, and Cesar Guzman-Concha. 2021. Student Movements in Late Neoliberalism. Forms of Organization, Alliances, and Outcomes, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75754-0_1.
  • Cresswell, Timothy. 2006. “On the Move: Mobility in the Modern Western World.” Routledge & CRC Press. 2006. https://www.routledge.com/On-the-Move-Mobility-in-the-Modern-Western-World/Cresswell/p/book/9780415952569.
  • Dahlberg-Grundberg, Michael, and Johan Örestig. 2016. “Extending the Local: Activist Types and Forms of Social Media Use in the Case of an Anti-Mining Struggle.” Social Movement Studies 16: 309–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2016.1268955.
  • Daskalaki, Maria, and George Kokkinidis. 2017. “Organizing Solidarity Initiatives: A Socio-Spatial Conceptualization of Resistance.” Organization Studies 38 (9): 1303–1325. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840617709304.
  • Datta, Ayona, and Katherine Brickell. 2011. “Translocal Geographies: Spaces, Places, Connections - 1st Edition - Ay.” 2011. https://www.routledge.com/Translocal-Geographies-Spaces-Places-Connections/Datta-Brickell/p/book/9781138272699.
  • Della Porta, Donatella, Lorenzo Cini, and César Guzmán-Concha. 2020. Contesting Higher Education: Student Movements against Neoliberal Universities. Policy Press. https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529208627.001.0001.
  • De Vito, C. G., and A. Gerritsen. 2017. “Micro-Spatial Histories of Global Labour.” Springer International Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?id=8Zo3DwAAQBAJ.
  • Featherstone, D. 2011. “Resistance, Space and Political Identities: The Making of Counter-Global Networks.” RGS-IBG Book Series. Wiley. https://books.google.com/books?id=sBbUGSbWcLoC.
  • Foley, Griff. 1999. Learning in Social Action: A Contribution to Understanding Informal Education. Global Perspectives on Adult Education and Training. Bonn: IIZ-DVV.
  • Freire, Paulo. 2000. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. 30th anniversary ed. New York: Continuum.
  • Freitag, U., and A. von Oppen. 2010. “Translocality: The Study of Globalising Processes from a Southern Perspective.” Studies in Global Social History. Brill. https://books.google.com/books?id=lN55DwAAQBAJ.
  • Gabol, Imran. 2019. “Sedition Cases Registered against Organisers and Participants of Student March.” DAWN.COM. December 2, 2019. https://www.dawn.com/news/1519976.
  • Gabol, Imran. 2021. “Students Ransack Offices of VC, Registrar at Punjab University Following Clash.” DAWN.COM. December 3, 2021. https://www.dawn.com/news/1661759.
  • Greiner, Clemens, and Patrick Sakdapolrak. 2013. “Translocality: Concepts, Applications and Emerging Research Perspectives.” Geography Compass 7 (5): 373–384. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12048.
  • Henn, Alexander. 2008. “Crossroads of Religions: Shrines, Mobility and Urban Space in Goa.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 32 (3): 658–670. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00803.x.
  • Higher Education Commission. 2023. HEC Recognized Universities & Degree Awarding Institutions: Higher Education Commission. https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/universities/Pages/recognised.aspx.
  • Hlatshwayo, Mlamuli Nkosingphile, and Kehdinga George Fomunyam. 2019. “Theorising the #MustFall Student Movements in Contemporary South African Higher Education: A Social Justice Perspective.” Journal of Student Affairs in Africa 7 (1). https://doi.org/10.24085/jsaa.v7i1.3693.
  • Holst, J. D., and P. McLaren. 2002. “Social Movements, Civil Society, and Radical Adult Education.” Critical Studies in Education and Culture Series. Bergin & Garvey. https://books.google.com/books?id=YYifAAAAMAAJ.
  • Hoodbhoy, Pervez. 2009. “Pakistan’s Higher Education System–What Went Wrong and How to Fix It.” The Pakistan Development Review 48 (4): 581–594. https://doi.org/10.30541/v48i4IIpp.581-594
  • Jalil, Xari. 2021. “When the Students March.” Dawn News. December 2021. https://www.dawn.com/news/1661946.
  • Jan, Ammar Ali. 2021. Rule by Fear: Eight Theses on Authoritarianism in Pakistan. Lahore: Folio Books.
  • Javid, Hassan. 2019. “Patronage, Populism, and Protest: Student Politics in Pakistani Punjab.” South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal 22. https://doi.org/10.4000/samaj.6497.
  • Jensen, Anne. 2011. “Mobility, Space and Power: On the Multiplicities of Seeing Mobility.” Mobilities 6 (2): 255–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2011.552903.
  • Jocson, Korina M., and Ashley Carpenter. 2019. “Translocal Assemblage and the Practice of Alternative Media toward Racial Justice: A Pedagogical Perspective.” Critical Studies in Education 60 (2): 245–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2016.1234493.
  • Johansson, Anna, and Stellan Vinthagen. 2019. Conceptualizing ‘Everyday Resistance’: A Transdisciplinary Approach. 1st ed. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315150154.
  • Juris, Jeffrey S. 2008. Networking Futures: The Movements against Corporate Globalization. Experimental Futures: Technological Lives, Scientific Arts, Anthropological Voices. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Juris, Jeff, and Alex Khasnabish. 2015. “Immanent Accounts: Ethnography, Engagement, and Social Movement Practices.” In The Oxford Handbook of Social Movements, edited by Donatella della Porta, and Mario Diani. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199678402.013.44.
  • Khan, Rafiullah. 2022. “Between Independence and Autonomy: The Changing Landscape of Ethno-Nationalist Movements in Pakistan.” Nationalities Papers 50 (4): 643–660. https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2021.65.
  • Langdon, Jonathan. 2022. “Translocal Social Movement Learning in the Face of COVID-19: Building Online Solidarity During Lockdowns.” Education as Change 26. https://doi.org/10.25159/1947-9417/8883.
  • Leontidou, Lila. 2006. “Urban Social Movements: From the ‘Right to the City’ to Transnational Spatialities and Flaneur Activists.” City 10 (3): 259–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604810600980507.
  • Luescher, Thierry M., Manja Klemenčič, and James Otieno Jowi. 2016. “Student Politics in Africa: Representation and Activism.” African Minds. https://doi.org/10.47622/978-1-928331-22-3.
  • Luescher, Thierry M, and Klemencic Manja. 2016. Student Politics in Africa: Representation and Activism. Cape Town: African Minds.
  • Malik, Anushay. 2013. Narrowing Politics: The Labour Movement in Lahore, 1947-1974. London: SOAS, University of London.
  • McFarlane, C. 2009. “Translocal Assemblages: Space, Power and Social Movements.” Geoforum; Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences. 40 (4): 561–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2009.05.003.
  • Mirza, Sarfaraz Hussain. 1991. The Punjab Muslim Students Federation, 1937–1947: A Study of the Formation, Growth, and Participation in the Pakistan Movement. Islamabad: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research.
  • Moragues-Faus, Ana, and Roberta Sonnino. 2019. “Re-Assembling Sustainable Food Cities: An Exploration of Translocal Governance and Its Multiple Agencies.” Urban Studies 56 (4): 778–794. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018763038.
  • Nicholls, Walter, and Byron Miller. 2013. “Miller, B. and W. Nicholls (2013) ‘Social Movements in Urban Society: The City as A Space of Politicization’, Urban Geography, 34 (4): 452–473.” https://www.academia.edu/4899443/Miller_B_and_W_Nicholls_2013_Social_Movements_in_Urban_Society_The_City_as_A_Space_of_Politicization_Urban_Geography_34_4_452_473.
  • Paracha, Nadeem. 2014. “Student Politics in Pakistan: A Celebration, Lament & History - DAWN.COM.” DAWN. 2014. https://www.dawn.com/news/1116782.
  • Peñafiel, Ricardo, and Marie-Christine Doran. 2018. “New Modes of Youth Political Action and Democracy in the Americas: From the Chilean Spring to the Maple Spring in Quebec.” In Young People Re-Generating Politics in Times of Crises, edited by Sarah Pickard and Judith Bessant, 349–373. Palgrave Studies in Young People and Politics. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58250-4_19.
  • Qaiser, Rizwan. 2021. “For Its Role In Anti-CAA Movement, Jamia Stands At A Crossroads.” 2021. https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/opinion-for-its-role-in-anti-caa-movement-jamia-millia-islamia-stands-at-a-crossroads/354159.
  • Raza, Ali. 2013. “An Unfulfilled Dream: The Left in Pakistan ca. 1947–50: South Asian History and Culture: Vol 4, No 4.” 2013. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.108019472498.2013.824680.
  • Reetz, Dietrich. 2022. “Between Knowledge, Activism, and the Global Market: International Students at the Islamic University (Daru’l Uloom) Deoband, India, and the International Islamic University in Islamabad, Pakistan.” In Universities as Transformative Social Spaces, by Dietrich Reetz, 163–210. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192865571.003.0007.
  • Sahibzada, I. A. 2021. “The Frontier Gandhi: My Life and Struggle: The Autobiography of Abdul Ghaffar Khan.” G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Lotus Collection, Roli Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=7cpizgEACAAJ.
  • Tarrow, Sidney G. 2005. The New Transnational Activism. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Thrift, Nigel. 2007. Non-Representational Theory: Space, Politics, Affect. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203946565.
  • Urry, John. 2007. Mobilities. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Van de Velde, Cécile. 2022. “A Global Student Anger? A Comparative Analysis of Student Movements in Chile (2011), Quebec (2012), and Hong-Kong (2014).” Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 52 (2): 289–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2020.1763164.
  • Waheed, Alia. 2021. “Pakistan Reckons with Its ‘Gender Terrorism Epidemic’ after Murder of Noor Mukadam.” The Guardian, August 2, 2021, sec. Global development. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/aug/02/pakistan-reckons-with-its-gender-terrorism-epidemic-after-of-noor-mukadam.
  • Wimmer, Andreas, and Nina Glick Schiller. 2003. “Methodological Nationalism, the Social Sciences, and the Study of Migration: An Essay in Historical Epistemology.” International Migration Review 37 (3): 576–610. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2003.tb00151.x

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.