References
- Bell, F. J. (1882). An attempt to apply a method for formulation to the species of the Comatulidae; with a description of a new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3, 530–536. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1882.tb02757.x
- Carpenter, P. H. (1882). Description of new or little known Comatulae. I. On the species of Atelecrinus and Eudiocrinus. II. The Comatulae of the Hamburg Museum. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 16(95), 487–526. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1882.tb02394.x
- Carpenter, P. H. (1888). Report on the Crinoidea collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger, during the years 1873–76. Part II. The Comatulae. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger, Zoology, 26, 1–402.
- Chou, L. M. (1988). A Guide to the Coral Reef Life of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre.
- Clark, A. H. (1908). New genera and species of crinoids. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 21, 219–232.
- Clark, A. H. (1909a). A revision of the crinoid families Thalassometridae and Himerometridae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 22, 1–22.
- Clark, A. H. (1909b). Descriptions of seventeen new species of crinoids. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36(1691), 633–651. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.36-1691.633
- Clark, A. H. (1909c). Five new species of recent unstalked crinoids. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 37(1697), 29–34. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.37-1697.29
- Clark, A. H. (1911a). The recent crinoids of Australia. Australian Museum Memoir, 4(15), 705–804. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1967.4.1911.1511
- Clark, A. H. (1911b). On a collection of unstalked crinoids made by the United States Fisheries Steamer “Albatross” in the vicinity of the Philippine Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 39(1798), 529–563. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.39-1798.529
- Clark, A. H. (1912). The Crinoids of the Indian Ocean. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, Part VII. Indian Museum. 325 pp.
- Clark, A. H. (1913). A revision of the crinoid family Mariametridae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 26, 141–144.
- Clark, A. H. (1915). A monograph of the existing crinoids. Volume 1(1). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, i–406. 17 pls. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.82.i
- Clark, A. H. (1918). The unstalked crinoids of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga–Expeditie, 42b, 1–300.
- Clark, A. H. (1921). A monograph of the existing crinoids 1(2). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, i–795, 57 pls. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.82.2
- Clark, A. H. (1931). A monograph of the existing crinoids 1(3). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1–916. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.82.3
- Clark, A. H. (1941). A monograph of the existing crinoids 1(4a). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, i–603. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.82.4a
- Clark, A. H. (1947). A monograph of the existing crinoids 1(4b). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1–473. https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/21345
- Clark, A. H. (1950). A monograph of the existing crinoids 1(4c). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1–383. https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/21346
- Clark, A. H., & Clark, A. M. (1967). A monograph of the existing crinoids 1(5). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1–860. https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/21747
- Clark, A. M., & Rowe, F. W. E. (1971). Monograph of shallow-water Indo-West Pacific echinoderms. British Museum (Natural History).
- Darriba, D., Taboada, G. L., Doallo, R., & Posada, D. (2012). jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods, 9(8), 772. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109
- Eeckhaut, I., Vandenspiegel, D., & Grygier, M. J. (1994). Myzostomida (Annelida) from Singapore with related Indo-Pacific distribution records and description of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 42, 669–688.
- Gislén, T. (1928). Notes on some crinoids in the British Natural History Museum. Arkiv För Zoologi, 19(32), 1–15.
- Goloboff, P. A., Farris, J. S., & Nixon, K. C. (2008). TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics, 24(5), 774–786. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00217.x
- Hartlaub, C. (1890). Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Comatuliden-Fauna des indischen Archipels. Nachrichten von der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der Georgs-August-Universität zu Göttingen, 5, 168–187.
- Helgen, L. E., & Rouse, G. W. (2006). Species delimitation and distribution in Aporometra (Crinoidea: Echinodermata): endemic Australian featherstars. Invertebrate Systematics, 20(3), 395–414. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1071/IS05050
- Hemery, L. G. (2011). Diversité moléculaire, phylogéographie et phylogénie des Crinoïdes (Echinodermes) dans un environnement extrême: l’océan Austral [Doctoral dissertation]. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 234. pp.
- Hemery, L. G., Roux, M., Améziane, N., & Eleaume, M. (2013). High-resolution crinoid phyletic inter-relationships derived from molecular data. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 54, 511–523.
- Hess, H., & Ausich, W. I. (1999). Introduction. In H. Hess, W. I. Ausich, C. E. Brett & M. J. Simms (Eds.), Fossil crinoids. (pp. xiii–xixv). Cambridge University Press.
- Hess, H. (2011). Articulata: Introduction. In H. Hess & C. Messing (Eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2 (Revised) Vol. 3: Crinoidea. (pp. 1–22). University of Kansas and Paleontological Institute.
- Hess, H., & Messing, C. (2011). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2 (Revised) Vol. 3: Crinoidea. University of Kansas and Paleontological Institute. 261 pp.
- Huelsenbeck, J., & Ronquist, F. (2001). MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 17(8), 754–755. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754
- International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. (1999). International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. Retrieved from https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-international-code-of-zoological-nomenclature/the-code-online/
- Isaac, N., Mallet, J., & Mace, G. (2004). Taxonomic inflation: its influence on macroecology and conservation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 19(9), 464–469. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2004.06.004
- Katoh, K., & Standley, D. M. (2013). MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Mol Biol Evol, 30(4), 772–780. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
- Katoh, K., Misawa, K., Kuma, K., & Miyata, T. (2002). MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Research, 30(14), 3059–3066. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkf436
- Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Meintjes, P., & Drummond, A. (2012). Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 28(12), 1647–1649. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199
- Kohtsuka, H., & Nakano, H. (2005). Development and growth of the feather star Decametra tigrina (Crinoidea), with emphasis on the morphological differences between adults and juveniles. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85(6), 1503–1510. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315405012701
- Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., & Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35(6), 1547–1549. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
- Lane, D. J. W., & Vandenspiegel, D. (2003). A guide to sea stars and other echinoderms of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre.
- Lim, G. S. Y. (1986). Singapore reef echinoderms and their associates with emphasis on crinoids [Bachelor thesis]. National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- Mace, G. (2004). The role of taxonomy in species conservation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 359(1444), 711–719. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1454
- Maddison, W. P., Maddison, D. R. (2018). Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 3.6. Retrieved from http://www.mesquiteproject.org
- Messing, C. G. (1994). Comatulid crinoids (Echinodermata) of Madang, Papua New Guinea, and environs: Diversity and ecology. In B. David, A. Guille, J.-P. Feral & M. Roux (Eds.), Echinoderms through time. (pp. 237–243). Balkema.
- Messing, C. G. (1998). An initial re-assessment of the distribution and diversity of the East Indian shallow-water crinoid fauna. In R. Mooi & M. Telford (Eds.), Echinoderms: San Francisco. (pp. 187–192). Balkema.
- Messing, C. G. (2007). The crinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) of Palau. Pacific Science, 61(1), 91–111. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1353/psc.2007.0010
- Messing, C. G., & Tay, T. S. (2016). Extant Crinoidea (Echinodermata) of Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 34(Suppl), 627–658.
- Meyer, C., & Paulay, G. (2005). DNA barcoding: error rates based on comprehensive sampling. PLoS Biology, 3(12), e422. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030422
- Müller, J. (1841). Über die Gattungen und Arten der Comatulen. Archiv Für Naturgeschichte, 7, 139–148.
- Owen, C. L., Messing, C. G., Rouse, G. W., & Shivji, M. S. (2009). Using a combined approach to explain the morphological and ecological diversity in Phanogenia gracilis Hartlaub, 1893 (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) sensu lato: two species or intraspecific variation? Marine Biology, 156(8), 1517–1529. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-009-1173-6
- Rambaut, A., Drummond, A. J., Xie, D., Baele, G., & Suchard, M. A. (2018). Posterior summarisation in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. Systematic Biology, 67(5), 901–904. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy032
- Rankin, D. L., & Messing, C. G. (2008). A revision of the comatulid genus Stephanometra A.H. Clark with a rediagnosis of the genus Lamprometra A.H. Clark (Echinodermata: Crinoidea). Zootaxa, 1888(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1888.1.1
- Reich, A., Dunn, C., Akasaka, K., & Wessel, G. (2015). Phylogenomic analyses of Echinodermata support the sister groups of Asterozoa and Echinozoa. PLOS One, 10(3), e0119627. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119627
- Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D. L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M. A., & Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2012). MRBAYES 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61(3), 539–542. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
- Rouse, G. W., Jermiin, L. S., Wilson, N. G., Eeckhaut, I., Lanterbecq, D., Oji, T., Young, C. M., Browning, T., Cisternas, P., Helgen, L. E., Stuckey, M., & Messing, C. G. (2013). Fixed, free, and fixed: the fickle phylogeny of extant Crinoidea (Echinodermata) and their Permian-Triassic origin. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 66(1), 161–181. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.09.018
- Rowe, F. W. E., & Gates, J. (1995). Echinodermata. In A. Wells (Ed.), Zoological catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33 (pp. 1–510). CSIRO Australia.
- Srivathsan, A., & Meier, R. (2012). On the inappropriate use of Kimura‐2‐parameter (K2P) divergences in the DNA‐barcoding literature. Cladistics, 28(2), 190–194. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00370.x
- Stamatakis, A. (2006). RAxML-VI-HPC: Maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 22(21), 2688–2690. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446
- Stamatakis, A. (2014). RAxML version 8: A tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 30(9), 1312–1313. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
- Stamatakis, A., Hoover, P., & Rougemont, J. (2008). A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. Systematic Biology, 57(5), 758–771. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642
- Summers, M. M., Messing, C. G., & Rouse, G. W. (2014). Phylogeny of Comatulidae (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Comatulida): A new classification and an assessment of morphological characters for crinoid taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 80, 319–339. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.030
- Summers, M. M., Messing, C. G., & Rouse, G. W. (2017). The genera and species of Comatulidae (Comatulida: Crinoidea): taxonomic revisions and a molecular and morphological guide. Zootaxa, 4268(2), 151–190. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4268.2.1
- Tan, H. H. (2012). A recent Singapore record of the crinoid crab, Harrovia longipes Lanchester (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pilumnidae). Nature in Singapore, 5, 237–240.
- Tan, K. S., Koh, K. S., Ng, J. Y., & Goh, L. (2016). The Comprehensive Marine Biodiversity Survey Singapore Strait International Workshop 2013. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 34(Suppl), 1–7.
- Tay, T. S., & Low, J. K. (2016). Crinoid diversity in the subtidal non-coral reef habitats of Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 34(Suppl), 659–665.
- Taylor, K. H. (2015). A phylogenetic revision of superfamily Himerometroidea (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) [Doctoral dissertation]. Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, 170 pp.
- Taylor, K. H., Rouse, G. W., & Messing, C. G. (2017). Systematics of Himerometra (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Himerometridae) based on morphology and molecular data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 181, 342–356.
- Taylor, K. H., Rouse, G. W., & Messing, C. G. (2018). Revising Mariametridae: the genera Dichrometra, Lamprometra, and Liparometra (Echinodermata: Crinoidea). Systematics and Biodiversity, 16(2), 142–159. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2017.1375044