488
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Rectifying a century of misidentifications: a taxonomic re-evaluation of sipo snakes (Colubridae: Chironius) on Trinidad

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , , &

References

  • Abuys, A. (1982). De slangen van Suriname, deel III: De familie Colubridae (algemene gegevens en het genus Chironius)/The snakes of Surinam, part III: The family Colubridae (General data and the genus Chironius). Litteratura Serpentium, 2, 226–245.
  • Amaral, A. d. (1925). South American snakes in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 67, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.2596
  • Bailey, J. R. (1955). The snakes of the genus Chironius in southeastern South America. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 571, 1–21.
  • Barbour, T. (1915). Recent notes regarding West Indian reptiles and amphibians. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 1915, 71–77.
  • Barbour, T., & Cole, L. J. (1906). Vertebrata from Yucatan, Reptilia, Amphibia, and Pisces. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 50, 101–159.
  • Beebe, W. (1946). Field notes on the snakes of Kartabo, British Guiana, and Caripito, Venezuela. Zoologica: Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society, 31, 11–52. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.203521
  • Beebe, W. (1952). Introduction to the ecology of the Arima Valley. Zoologica: Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society, 37, 157–183. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.203464
  • Boie, F. (1827). Bemerkungen über Merrem’s Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien, 1. Lieferung: Ophidier. Isis von Oken, 20, 508–566.
  • Boos, H. E. (2001). The snakes of Trinidad and Tobago. Texas A&M University Press.
  • Bouckaert, R., & Drummond, A. J. (2017). bModelTest: Bayesian phylogenetic site model averaging and model comparison. BioMedCentral Ecology and Evolution, 17, 42.
  • Bouckaert, R., Vaughan, T. G., Barido-Sottani, J., Duchêne, S., Fourment, M., Gavryushkina, A., Heled, J., Jones, G., Kühnert, D., De Maio, N., Matschiner, M., Mendes, F. K., Müller, N. F., Ogilvie, H. A., Du Plessis, L., Popinga, A., Rambaut, A., Rasmussen, D., Siveroni, I., … Drummond, A. J. (2019). BEAST 2.5: An advanced software platform for Bayesian evolutionary analysis. Public Library of Science Computational Biology, 15, e1006650. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006650
  • Boulenger, G. A. (1886). A synopsis of the reptiles and batrachians of the province Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 18(5), 423–445. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938609459995
  • Boulenger, G. A. (1891). On reptiles, batrachians and fishes from the Lesser West Indies. Proceedings Zoological Society of London, 1891, 351–357.
  • Boulenger, G. A. (1894). Catalogue of snakes in the British Museum (Natural History) (Vol. 2, pp. 382). Trustees of the British Museum.
  • Brongersma, L. D. (1956). On some reptiles and amphibians from Trinidad and Tobago, B.W.I. I & II. Proceedings Koninklijke Nederland Akademie van Wetenschappen Series C, 59, 165–188.
  • Dixon, J., Wiest, J. A., & Cei, J. M. (1993). Revision of neotropical snake genus Chironius Fitzinger (Serpentes, Colubridae). Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali.
  • Donndorff, J. A. (1798). Zoologische [Amphibiologische und Ichthyologische] Beyträge zur XIII. Ausgabe des Linneischen Natursystems. Dritter Band:Amphibien und Fische. Amphibien und Fische. Weidmannschen Buchhandlung, Leipzig.
  • Douglas, J., Zhang, R., & Bouckaert, R. (2021). Adaptive dating and fast proposals: Revisiting the phylogenetic relaxed clock model. Public Library of Science Computational Biology, 17, e1008322. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008322
  • Duellman, W. E. (1978). The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publication of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, 65, 1–352.
  • Edgar, R. C. (2004). MUSCLE: Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research, 32, 1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340
  • Emsley, M. G. (1977). Snakes, and Trinidad and Tobago. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society, 13, 201–304.
  • Entiauspe-Neto, O. M., Lyra, M. L., Koch, C., Quintela, F. M., Abegg, A. D., & Loebmann, D. (2020). Taxonomic revision of Chironius bicarinatus (Wied 1820) (Serpentes: Colubridae), with description of a new species. Herpetological Monographs, 34, 98–115. https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00013.1
  • Fitzinger, L. J. F. J. (1826). Neue Classification der Reptilien nach ihren Natürlichen Verwandtschaften nebst einer Verwandtschafts-Tafel und einem Verzeichnisse der Reptilien-Sammlung des K. K. Zoologisch Museum’s zu Wien. J. G. Heubner.
  • Flower, H. W. (1913). Amphibians and reptiles from Ecuador, Venezuela and the Yucatan. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1913, 153–176.
  • Gorzula, S., & Señaris, J. C. (1999). Contribution to the herpetofauna of the Venezuelan Guayana. I. A data base. Scientia Guaianae, 8, 1–269.
  • Guindon, S., Dufayard, J.-F., Lefort, V., Anisimova, M., Hordijk, W., & Gascuel, O. (2010). New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: Assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Systematic Biology, 59, 307–321. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syq010
  • Hamdan, B., Pereira, A. G., Loss-Oliveira, L., Rödder, D., & Schrago, C. G. (2017). Evolutionary analysis of Chironius snakes unveils cryptic diversity and provides clues to diversification in the Neotropics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 116, 108–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.08.004
  • Henderson, R. W., & Powell, R. (1996). Chironius vincenti. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 635, 1–2
  • Hoang, D. T., Chernomor, O., von Haeseler, A., Minh, B. Q., & Vinh, L. S. (2018). UFBoot2: Improving the ultrafast bootstrap approximation. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 518–522. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx281
  • Hoge, A. R., & Romano, S. A. (1969). A new species of Chironius (Serpentes–Colubridae). Memórias do Instituto Butantan, 34, 93–96.
  • Hollis, L. (2006). Phylogenetics of the genus Chironius Fitzinger, 1826 (Serpentes, Colubridae) based on morphology. Herpetologica, 62, 435–453. https://doi.org/10.1655/0018-0831(2006)62[435:POTGCF]2.0.CO;2
  • Hoogmoed, M. S., & Avila-Pires, T. C. S. (1991). Annotated checklist of the herpetofauna of Petit Saut, Sinnamary river, French Guiana. Zoologische Mededelingen, 65, 53–88.
  • Jadin, R. C., Burbrink, F. T., Rivas, G. A., Vitt, L. J., Barrio-Amorós, C. L., & Guralnick, R. P. (2014). Finding arboreal snakes in an evolutionary tree: Phylogenetic placement and systematic revision of the Neotropical birdsnakes. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 52, 257–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12055
  • Jadin, R. C., Blair, C., Jowers, M. J., Carmona, A., & Murphy, J. C. (2019). Hiding in the lianas of the tree of life: Molecular phylogenetics and species delimitation reveal considerable cryptic diversity of New World Vine Snakes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 134, 61–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.01.022
  • Jadin, R. C., Blair, C., Orlofske, S. A., Jowers, M. J., Rivas, G. A., Vitt, L. J., Ray, J. M., Smith, E. N., & Murphy, J. C. (2020). Not withering on the evolutionary vine: Systematic revision of the Brown Vine Snake (Reptilia: Squamata: Oxybelis) from its northern distribution. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 20, 723–746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00461-0
  • Jan, G. (1863). Elenco olonizatio degli ofidi descritti e disegnati per l’lconografis generale. A. Lombardi, Milano vii + 143 pp.
  • Jan, G., & Sordelli, F. (1869). Iconographie generale de ophidiens. Tome Second, Livr, 31–33.
  • Jowers, M. J., Garcia Mudarra, J. L., Charles, S. P., & Murphy, J. C. (2019). Phylogeography of West Indies Coral snakes (Micrurus): Island colonization and banding patterns. Zoologica Scripta, 48, 263–276. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12346
  • Jowers, M. J., Schargel, W. E., Muñoz‐Mérida, A., Sánchez‐Ramírez, S., Weber, J. C., Faria, J. F., Harris, D. J., & Murphy, J. C. (2021). The enigmatic biogeography of Tobagós marooned relics: The case study of a fossorial snake (Squamata, Diapsididae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 59, 1382–1389. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12509
  • Jowers, M. J., Rivas, G. A., Jadin, R. C., Braswell, A. L., Auguste, R. J., Borzée, Z., & Murphy, J. C. (2020). Unearthing the species diversity of a cryptozoic snake, Tantilla melanocephala, in its northern distribution with emphasis to the colonization of the Lesser Antilles. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, 14, 206–217.
  • Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B. Q., Wong, T. K. F., von Haeseler, A., & Jermiin, L. S. (2017). ModelFinder: Fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods, 14, 587–589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285
  • Kenny, J. (2000). View from the ridge, exploring the natural history of Trinidad and Tobago. Prospect Press, Port-of-Spain.
  • Klaczko, J., Montingelli, G. G., & Zaher, H. (2014). A combined morphological and molecular phylogeny of the genus Chironius Fitzinger, 1826 (Serpentes: Colubridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 171, 656–667. https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12147
  • Köhler, G. (2008). Reptiles of Central America (2nd ed.). Herpeton Verlag.
  • Lanfear, R., Calcott, B., Ho, S. Y. W., & Guindon, S. (2012). PartitionFinder: Combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 29, 1695–1701. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss020
  • Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systemae naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae.
  • Merrem, B. (1820). Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Johann Christian Krieger.
  • Minh, B. Q., Schmidt, H. A., Chernomor, O., Schrempf, D., Woodhams, M. D., von Haeseler, A., & Lanfear, R. (2020). IQ-TREE 2: New models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 37, 1530–1534. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa015
  • Mole, R. R. (1924). The Trinidad snakes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 94, 235–278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1924.tb01500.x
  • Mole, R. R., & Urich, F. W. (1894a). A preliminary list of the reptiles and batrachians of the island of Trinidad. Journal of the Trinidad Field Naturalist’s Club, 2, 77–90.
  • Mole, R. R., Urich, F. W. (1894b). Biological notes upon some of the ophidian of Trinidad, B.W.I. with a preliminary list of species recorded from the island. Proceedings of the Biological Society of London, 1894, 499–518.
  • Montingelli, G. G., Valencia, J. H., Benavides, M. A., & Zaher, H. (2011). Revalidation of Herpetodryas reticulata (Peters, 1863) (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Ecuador. South American Journal of Herpetology, 6, 189–197. https://doi.org/10.2994/057.006.0304
  • Murphy, J. C. (1997). Amphibians and reptiles of Trinidad and Tobago (p. 245). Krieger. Malabar, Florida.
  • Murphy, J. C., & Downie, J. R. (2012). The changing Trinidad and Tobago herpetofauna. Living World, Journal of the Trinidad And Tobago Field Naturalists’ Club, 2012, 87–95.
  • Murphy, J. C., Rutherford, M. G., & Jowers, M. J. (2016). The threadsnake tangle: Lack of genetic divergence in Epictia tenella (Squamata, Leptotyphlopidae): Evidence for introductions or recent rafting to the West Indies. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 51, 197–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2016.1234358
  • Murphy, J. C., Downie, J. R., Smith, J. M., Livingstone, S. R., Mohammed, R. S., Lehtinen, R. M., Eyre, M., Sewlal, J.-A., Noriega, N., Casper, G. S., Anton, T., Rutherford, M. G., Braswell, A. L., & Jowers, M. J. (2018). A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Trinidad & Tobago. Trinidad & Tobago Field Naturalists Club.
  • Murphy, J. C., Salvi, D., Braswell, A. L., & Jowers, M. J. (2019). Phylogenetic position and biogeography of the three-lined snake Atractus trilineatus (Squamata, Dipsadidae) in the Eastern Caribbean. Herpetologica, 75, 247–253. https://doi.org/10.1655/D-18-00043
  • Murphy, J. C., Weber, J., Jowers, M. J., & Jadin, R. C. (2023). Two islands, two origins: The snakes of Trinidad and Tobago. In H. B. Lillywhite & M. Martins (Eds.), Islands and Snakes Vol. II: Diversity and conservation (pp. 81–99). Oxford University Press.
  • Nogueira, C. C., Argôlo, A. J. S., Arzamendia, V., Azevedo, J. A., Barbo, F. E., Bérnils, R. S., Bolochio, B. E., Borges-Martins, M., Brasil-Godinho, M., Braz, H., Buononato, M. A., Cisneros-Heredia, D. F., Colli, G. R., Costa, H. C., Franco, F. L., Giraudo, A., Gonzalez, R. C., Guedes, T., Hoogmoed, M. S., … Martins, M. (2019). Atlas of Brazilian snakes: Verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American Journal of Herpetology, 14, 1–274. https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00120.1
  • Nylander, J. A. A. (2004). MrModeltest v2.2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
  • Rambaut, A. (2002). Se-Al v2.0a11. University of Oxford.
  • Rambaut, A., Drummond, A. J., Xie, D., Baele, G., & Suchard, M. A. (2018). Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. Systematic Biology, 67, 901–904. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy032
  • Reinhardt, J., & Lütken, C. (1862). Bidrag til Kundskab om Brasiliens Padder og Krybdyr. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Forening I Kjobenhavn, 3, 143–242.
  • Rivas, G. A., Lasso-Alcalá, O. M., Rodríguez-Olarte, D., Freitas, M., Murphy, J. C., Pizzigalli, C., Weber, J. C., Verteuil, L., & Jowers, M. J. (2021). Biogeographical patterns of amphibians and reptiles in the northernmost coastal montane complex of South America. Public Library of Science One, 16, e0246829. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246829
  • Roberto, I. J., & Souza, A. R. (2020). Review of prey items recorded for snakes of the genus Chironius (Squamata, Colubridae), including the first record of Osteocephalus as prey. Herpetology Notes, 13, 1–5.
  • Roze, J. A. (1966). La Taxonomia y Zoogeograjia de los Ojidios en Venezuela (p. 362). Ediciones de la Biblioteca.
  • Ruthven, A. G. (1922). The amphibians and reptiles of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Miscellaneous Publications. Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 8, 1–69.
  • Savage, J. M. (2002). The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas. University of Chicago Press.
  • Scharff, R. F. (1922). On the origin of the West Indian Fauna. Bijdragen Tot de Dierkunde, 22, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1163/26660644-02201011
  • Swofford, D. L. (2002). PAUP*: Phylogenetic analyses using parsimony (*and other methods), version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates.
  • Test, F. H., Sexton, O. J., & Heatwole, H. (1966). Reptiles of Rancho Grande and vicinity, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. Miscellaneous Publication Museum of Zoology University Michigan, 128, 1–63.
  • Torres-Carvajal, O., Echevarría, L. Y., Lobos, S. E., Venegas, P. J., & Kok, P. J. (2019). Phylogeny, diversity, and biogeography of Neotropical sipo snakes (Serpentes: Colubrinae: Chironius). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 130, 315–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.022
  • Wagler, J. (1824). Serpentum Brasiliensium species novae, ou histoire naturelle des espèces nouvelles de serpens. In Jean de Spix, Animalia nova sive species novae. Natrix bahiensis: 27 (pp. vii + 75). Monaco, Typis Franc. Seraph. Hübschmanni.
  • Wagler, J. G. (1830). Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Saugthiere und Vogel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. J.G. Cotta schen Buchhandlung. Munchen, Stuttgart und Tubingen.
  • Wallach, V., Williams, K. L., & Boundy, J. (2014). Snakes of the world: A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press.
  • Wehekind, L. (1955). Notes on the food of Trinidad snake. British Journal of Herpetology, 2, 9–13.
  • Wehekind, L. (1960). Trinidad snakes. Journal of the British Guiana Museum of Zoology, 27, 71–76.
  • Wied-Neuwied, M. P. z. (1820). Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817 (vol. 1). Heinrich Ludwig Bronner.
  • Zhang, R., & Drummond, A. (2020). Improving the performance of Bayesian phylogenetic inference under relaxed clock models. BioMedCentral Evolutionary Biology, 20, 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-020-01609-4
  • Zheng, Y., & Wiens, J. J. (2016). Combining phylogenomic and supermatrix approaches, and a time-calibrated phylogeny for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) based on 52 genes and 4162 species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 94, 537–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.