Cephalopods from reef limestone of the Vasalemma Formation, northern Estonia (latest Sandbian, Upper Ordovician) and the establishment of a local warm-water fauna

References

• Ainsaar, L., Meidla, T. & Martma, T. 1999. Evidence for a widespread carbon isotopic event associated with late Middle Ordovician sedimentological and faunal changes in Estonia. Geological Magazine, 136, 49–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ainsaar, L., Meidla, T. & Martma, T. 2004. The Middle Caradoc Facies and Faunal Turnover in the Late Ordovician Baltoscandian palaeobasin. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 210, 119–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ainsaar, L., Kaljo, D., Martma, T., Meidla, T., Männik, P., Nõlvak, J. & Tinn, O. 2010. Middle and Upper Ordovician carbon isotope chemostratigraphy in Baltoscandia: a correlation standard and clues to environmental history. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 294, 189–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alroy, J. 2010. Fair sampling of taxonomic richness and unbiased estimation of origination and extinction rates. Quantitative methods in paleobiology. Paleontological Society Papers, 16, 55–80.
   Google Scholar
• Baird, G. C., Brett, C. E. & Frey, R. C. 1989. ‘Hitchhiking’ epizoans on orthoconic cephalopods: preliminary review of the evidence and implications. Lethaea Senckenbergiana, 69, 439–465.
   Google Scholar
• Balashov, Z. G. 1953. Svernutye i polivernutye nautiloidei ordovika pribaltiki. Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Neftyanogo Nauchno-Issledovatelskogo Geologo–Razvednoknogo Instituta, 78, 217–268.
   Google Scholar
• Balashov, Z. G. 1962. Ordovician nautiloids from the Siberian platform. Leningrad University, Leningrad, 205 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Balashov, Z. G. 1964. Nekotorye nautiloidei endoceratoidei i actinoceratoidei Ordovika Severo-Vostoka SSSR. Ucenye Zapiski Naucno Issledovatelskij Institut Geologii Arktiki Gosudarstvennogo Geologiceskogo Komiteta SSSR, 6, 12–71.
   Google Scholar
• Barrande, J. 1865–77. Système silurien du centre de la Bohême, 1 ère partie. Recherches palèontologiques, II. Classe de mollusques, ordre des cèphalopodes. Bellmann, Prague, 804 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Bergström, S. M., Young, S. & Schmitz, B. 2010. Katian (Upper Ordovician) δ13C chemostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy in the United States and Baltoscandia: a regional comparison. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 296, 217–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergström, S. M., Calner, M., Lehnert, O. & Noor, A. 2011. A new upper Middle Ordovician–Lower Silurian drillcore standard succession from Borenshult in Östergötland, southern Sweden: 1. Stratigraphical review with regional comparisons. GFF, 133, 149–171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergström S. M., Chen X., Gutiérrez-Marco, J. C. & Dronov, A. 2009. The new chronostratigraphic classification of the Ordovician System and its relation to major regional series and stages and to δ13C chemostratigraphy. Lethaia, 42, 97–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergström, S. M., Lehnert, O., Calner, M. & Joachimski, M. M. 2012. A new upper Middle Ordovician–Lower Silurian drillcore standard succession from Borenshult in Östergötland, southern Sweden: 2. Significance of δ13C chemostratigraphy. GFF, 134, 39–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brugiére, J. G. 1789. Histoire naturelle des vers. Volume 1, Part 1, Encyclopedie methodique 6. Panckoucke, Paris, 757 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Calner, M., Lehnert, O. & Joachimski, M. 2010. Carbonate mud mounds, conglomerates, and sea-level history in the Katian (Upper Ordovician) of central Sweden. Facies, 56, 157–172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Candela, Y. 2015. Evolution of Laurentian brachiopod faunas during the Ordovician Phanerozoic sea level maximum. Earth-Science Reviews, 141, 27–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman, E. J. 1857. On the occurrence of the genus Cryptoceras in Silurian rocks. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2nd Series, 20, 114–117.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, J. & Liu, G. 1976. Ordovician nautiloids. Memoirs of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 7, 42–53.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, T. 1987. Ordovician nautiloids from Xainza, northern Xizang. Bulletin of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 11, 133–191.
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, K. R. & Warwick, R. M. 1999. The taxonomic distinctness measure of biodiversity: weighting of step lengths between hierarchical level. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 184, 21–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conrad, T. A. 1838. Report of the Palaeontological Department of the Survey. New York State Geological Survey, Annual Report, 2, 107–119.
   Google Scholar
• Conrad, T. A. 1842. Observations on the Silurian and Devonian systems of the United States, with descriptions of new organic remains. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 8, 229–280.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, R. A., Sadler, P. M., Hammer, O. & Gradstein, F. M. 2012. Chapter 20. The Ordovician Period. Pp. 489–523 in F. M. Gradstein, J. G. O. D. Schmitz & G. M. Ogg (eds) The geologic time scale 2012. Elsevier, Boston.
   Google Scholar
• Dronov, A. V., Ainsaar, L., Kaljo, D., Meidla, T., Saadre, T. & Einasto, R. 2011. Ordovician of Baltoscandia: facies, sequences and sealevel changes. Instituto Geologógico y Minero de Espana, Cuademos del Museo Geominero, 14, 143–150.
   Google Scholar
• Dzik, J. 1984. Phylogeny of the Nautiloidea. Palaeontologia Polonica, 45, 1–203.
   Google Scholar
• Ebbestad, J. O. R. & Högström, A. E. S. 2007. Ordovician of the Siljan District, Sweden. WOGOGOB 2007, 9th meeting of the Working Group on Ordovician geology of Baltoscandia, Field Guide and Abstracts, 128, 52–58.
   Google Scholar
• Eichwald, E. 1840. Über das silurische Schichtensystem in Esthland. Zeitschrift für Natur- und Heilkunde Medizinische Akademie zu St. Petersburg, 1/2, 1–210.
   Google Scholar
• Eichwald, E. 1842. Die Urwelt Russlands durch Abbildungen erlaeutert. 2. Heft. Neuer Beitrag zur Geognosie Esthlands und Finlands. Akademie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg, 184 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Eichwald, E. 1854. Die Grauwackenschichten von Liev- und Ehstland. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 27(1), 1–111.
   Google Scholar
• Eichwald, E. 1860. Lethaea Rossica ou Paléontologie de la Russie. Stuttgart, Schweizerbart, 1654 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, D. H. 2002. Some additional Ordovician and Silurian cephalopods from Ireland. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 67, 77–96.
   Google Scholar
• Flower, R. H. 1946. Ordovician cephalopods from the Cincinnati region. Part 1. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 26(116), 3–547.
   Google Scholar
• Flower, R. H. 1952. New Ordovician cephalopods from eastern North America. Journal of Paleontology, 26, 24–59.
   Google Scholar
• Flower, R. H. 1962. Part 1, Revision of Buttsoceras. Part 2, Notes on the Michelinoceratida. State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Memoir, 10, 1–58.
   Google Scholar
• Flower, R. H. & Kummel, B. 1950. A classification of the Nautiloidea. Journal of Paleontology, 24, 604–616.
   Google Scholar
• Foerste, A. F. 1917. Notes on Richmond and related fossils. Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, 22, 42–55.
   Google Scholar
• Foerste, A. F. 1924. Notes on American Paleozoic cephalopods. Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories, 20, 193–268.
   Google Scholar
• Foerste, A. F. 1925. Notes on cephalopod genera, chiefly coiled Silurian forms. Journal of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University, 21, 1–69.
   Google Scholar
• Foerste, A. F. 1930. Three studies on cephalopods. Journal of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University, 24, 265–381.
   Google Scholar
• Foerste, A. F. 1933. Black River and other cephalopods from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ontario (Part 2). Denison University, Bulletin, Journal of Scientific Laboratories, 28, 1–136.
   Google Scholar
• Foerste, A. F. 1936. The cephalopods of the Maquoketa Shale of Iowa. Journal of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University, 30, 231–257.
   Google Scholar
• Foerste, A. F. & Teichert, C. 1930. The actinoceroids of east-central North America. Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories, 25, 201–296.
   Google Scholar
• Frey, R. C. 1995. Middle and Upper Ordovician Cephalopods of the Cincinnati Region of Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1066P, 1–119.
   Google Scholar
• Furnish, W. M. & Glenister, B. F. 1964. Tarphycerida. Pp. K343–K368 in R. C. Moore (ed.) Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Part K. Mollusca 3. Endoceratoidea, Actinoceratoidea, Nautiloidea, Bactritoidea. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.
   Google Scholar
• Ghavidel-Syooki, M., Evans, D. H., Ghobadi Pour, M., Popov, L. E., Álvaro, J. J., Rakhmonov, U., Klishevich, I. A. & Ehsani, M. H. 2015. Late Ordovician cephalopods, tentaculitides, machaeridians and echinoderms from Kuh-e Faraghan, High Zagros, Iran, Alcheringa, 39, 530–549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman, D., Leslie, S. A., Nõlvak, J., Young, S., Bergström, S. M. & Huff, W. D. 2007. The global stratotype section and point (GSSP) for the base of the Katian Stage of the Upper Ordovician Series at Black Knob Ridge, Southeastern Oklahoma, USA. Episodes, 30, 258–270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, J. 1847. Natural history of New York, paleontology, volume 1, containing descriptions of the organic remains of the lower division of the New York System (equivalent of the Lower Silurian rocks of Europe). Van Benthuysen, Albany, 338 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, J. 1861. Report of the superintendent of the (Wisconsin) Geological Survey, exhibiting the progress of the work, January 1, 1861 (including the descriptions of new species of fossils from the investigations of the Survey). E. A. Calkins and Co, Madison, 52 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, J. 1877. Cephalopoda. P. 284 in S. A. Miller (ed.) The American Palaeozoic fossils: a catalogue of the genera and species, with names of authors, dates, places of publication, groups of rocks in which found, and the etymology and signification of the words, and an introduction devoted to the stratigraphical geology of the Palaeozoic rocks. Privately published, Cincinnati.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, J. & Harper, D. A. T. 2008. The late Sandbian–earliest Katian (Ordovician) brachiopod immigration and its influence on the brachiopod fauna in the Oslo Region, Norway. Lethaia, 41, 25–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, J., Kresten Nielsen, J. & Hanken, N.-M. 2009. The relationships between Late Ordovician sea-level changes and faunal turnover in western Baltica: geochemical evidence of oxic and dysoxic bottom-water conditions. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 271, 268–278.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper, D. A. T., Rasmussen, C. M. Ø., Liljeroth, M., Blodgett, R. B., Candela, Y., Jin, J., Percival, I. G., Rong, J, Villas, E. & Zhan, R. 2013. Biodiversity, biogeography and phylogeography of Ordovician rhynchonelliform brachiopods. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 38, 127–144.
   Google Scholar
• Holmden, C., Creaser, R. A., Muehlenbachs, K., Leslie, S. A. Kaljo, D., Hints, L., Martma, T., Nõlvak, J. & Bergström, S. M. 1998. Isotopic evidence for geochemical decoupling between ancient epeiric seas and bordering oceans: implications for secular curves. Geology, 26, 567–570.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyatt, A. 1884. Genera of fossil cephalopods. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 22, 253–338.
   Google Scholar
• Kaljo, D., Martma, T. & Saadre, T. 2007. Post-Hunnebergian Ordovician carbon isotope trend in Baltoscandia, its environmental implications and some similarities with that of Nevada. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 245, 138–155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaljo, D., Hints, L., Martma, T., Nõlvak, J. & Oraspõld, A. 2004. Late Ordovician carbon isotope trend in Estonia, its significance in stratigraphy and environmental analysis. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 210, 165–185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korn, D. & Klug, C. 2003. Morphological pathways in the evolution of Early and Middle Devonian ammonoids. Paleobiology, 29, 329–348.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korn, D. & Klug, C. 2007. Conch form analysis, variability, morphological disparity, and mode of life of the Frasnian (Late Devonian) ammonoid Manticoceras from Coumiac (Montagne Noire, France). Pp. 57–85 in N. H. Landman, R. A. Davis & R. H. Mapes (eds) Cephalopods present and past: new insights and fresh perspectives. Springer, Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Kröger, B. 2004. Revision of Middle Ordovician orthoceratacean nautiloids from Baltoscandia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 49, 57–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kröger, B. 2013a.Cambrian–Ordovician cephalopod palaeogeography and diversity. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 38, 428–429.
   Google Scholar
• Kröger, B. 2013b. The cephalopods of the Boda Limestone, Late Ordovician, of Dalarna, Sweden. European Journal of Taxonomy, 41, 1–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kröger, B. & Ebbestad, J. O. R. 2014. Palaeoecology and palaeogeography of Late Ordovician (Katian–Hirnantian) cephalopods of the Boda Limestone, Siljan district, Sweden. Lethaia, 47, 15–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kröger, B. & Isakar, M. 2006. Revision of annulated orthoceridan cephalopods of the Baltoscandic Ordovician. Fossil Record, 9, 139–165.
   Google Scholar
• Kröger, B., Hints, L. & Lehnert, O. 2014a. Age, facies, and geometry of the Sandbian/Katian (Upper Ordovician) pelmatozoan-bryozoan-receptaculitid reefs of the Vasalemma Formation, northern Estonia. Facies, 60, 963–986.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kröger, B., Hints, L. & Lehnert, O. 2016. Ordovician reef and mound evolution: the Baltoscandian picture. Geological Magazine, 154, 683–706.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kröger, B., Servais, T. & Zhang, Y. 2009. The origin and initial rise of pelagic cephalopods in the Ordovician. PLoS ONE, 4(9), e7262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kröger, B., Hints, L., Lehnert, O., Mannik, P. & Joachimski, M. 2014b.The early Katian (Late Ordovician) reefs near Saku, northern Estonia and the age of the Saku Member, Vasalemma Formation. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 63, 271–276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, O. 1940. Palaeozoologie in Tabellen. Fischer Verlag, Jena, 50 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Lai, C. 1981. The Upper Ordovician cephalopods of Yaoxian area, Shansi Province. Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 3(1), 85–99.
   Google Scholar
• Lai, C. 1982. Ordovician cephalopods from Xainza, Xizang (Tibet). Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 21, 553–559.
   Google Scholar
• Mapes, R. H., Hembree, D. I., Rasor, B. A., Stigall, A., Goirand, C. & Richer De Forges, B. 2010. Modern Nautilus (Cephalopoda) taphonomy in a subtidal to backshore environment Lifou (Loyalty Islands). Palaios, 25, 656–670.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCoy, F. 1844. A synopsis of the characters of the Carboniferous limestone fossils of Ireland. University Press, Dublin, 207 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, S. A. 1875. Class Cephalopoda (Cuvier) as represented in the Cincinnati Group. Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, 2(2), 121–134.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, S. A. 1880. Orthoceras dyeri. Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, 3, 1–236.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, S. A. & Faber, C. L. 1894. Description of some Cincinnati fossils. The Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, 17, 137–158.
   Google Scholar
• Mohibullah, M., Afzal, J., Williams, M., Meidla, T., Siveter, D. J. & Zalasiewicz, J. A. 2010. Ostracods from Upper Ordovician (Katian) carbonate lithofacies in southwest Scotland. Geological Magazine, 147, 919–939.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, R. C. 1964. Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Part K. Mollusca 3. Endoceratoidea, Actinoceratoidea, Nautiloidea, Bactritoidea. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 519 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Mutvei, H. 2015. Characterization of two new superorders Nautilosiphonata and Calciosiphonata and a new order Cyrtocerinida of the subclass Nautiloidea; siphuncular structure in the Ordovician nautiloid Bathmoceras (Cephalopoda), GFF, 137, 164–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutvei, H. & Dunca, E. 2011. Siphuncular structure in the orders Tarphycerida and Barrandeocerida (Cephalopoda: Nautiloidea). Palaeontology, 54, 705–710.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neben, W. & Krüger, H. H. 1971. Fossilien ordovizischer Geschiebe. Staringia, 1, 1–50.
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen, A. T. 2011. A re-calibrated revised sea-level curve for the Ordovician of Baltoscandia. Ordovician of the world: 11th international symposium on the Ordovician System, Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 14, 399–402.
   Google Scholar
• Oksanen, J., Guillaume Blanchet, F., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., Minchin, P. R., O'Hara, R. B., Simpson, G. L., Peter, S., Stevens, H. H. & Wagner, H. 2013. Vegan: community ecology package [updated at http://CRAN.R-project.org/package = vegan, accessed 15 January 2016]
   Google Scholar
• Opalinski, P. R. & Harland, T. L. 1981. The Middle Ordovician of the Oslo Region, Norway, 29, Stratigraphy of the Mjøsa Limestone in the Toten and Nes-Hamar areas. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 61, 59–78.
   Google Scholar
• Pancost, R. D., Freeman, K. H., Herrmann, A. D., Patzkowsky, M. E., Ainsaar, L., & Martma, T. 2013. Reconstructing Late Ordovician carbon cycle variations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 105, 433–454.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patzkowsky, M. E., Slupik, L. M., Arthur, M. A., Pancost, R. D. & Freeman, K. H. 1997. Late Middle Ordovician environmental change and extinction: harbinger of the Late Ordovician or continuation of Cambrian patterns? Geology, 25, 911–914.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philcox, M. E. 1970. Geometry and evolution of the Palisades Reef complex, Silurian of Iowa. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 40, 171–183.
   Google Scholar
• Portlock, J. E. 1843. Report on the geology of the county of Londonderry and parts of Tyrone and Fermanagh. Longmans, Brown, Green & Longmans, Dublin, 784 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Quinton, P. C., Percival, I. G., Zhen, Y. Y. & Macleod, K. G. 2015. Ordovician temperature trends: constraints from δ18O analysis of conodonts from New South Wales, Australia. Stratigraphy, 12(2), 62–67.
   Google Scholar
• Racki, R. 1990. Frasnian/Famennian event in the Holy Cross Mts, Central Poland: stratigraphic and ecologic aspects. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 30, 169–181.
   Google Scholar
• Raymond, P. E. 1916. The correlation of the Ordovician strata of the Baltic Basin with those of Eastern North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 7(3), 179–286.
   Google Scholar
• Remelé, A. 1880. Über einige neue oder seltene Versteinerungen aus silurischen Diluvialgeschieben der Gegend von Eberswalde. Festschrift für die Fünfzigjahrfeier der Forstakademie Eberswalde. Eberswalde, pp. 179–252.
   Google Scholar
• Ruedemann, R. 1912. The Lower Siluric shales of the Mohawk Valley. Albany Educational Department, New York State Museum Bulletin, 162, 1–151.
   Google Scholar
• Saemann, L. 1853. Über die Nautiliden. Palaeontographica, 3, 121–167.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt, F. 1881. Revision der ostabaltischen silurischen Trilobiten nebst geognostischer Übersicht des ostbaltischen Silurgebiets. Abt. I. Phacopiden, Cheiruriden und Encrinuriden. Mémoires de l´Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersburg, 7(30), 1–238.
   Google Scholar
• Schröder, H. 1891. Untersuchungen über silurische Cephalopoden. Palaeontologische Abhandlungen, Neue Folge, 1(4), 1–48.
   Google Scholar
• Sell, B., Ainsaar, L. & Leslie, S. 2013. Precise timing of the Late Ordovician (Sandbian) super-eruptions and associated environmental, biological, and climatological events. Journal of the Geological Society, 170, 711–714.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sell, B. K., Samson, S. D., Mitchell, C. E., McLaughlin P. I., Koenig, A. E. & Leslie, S. A. 2015. Stratigraphic correlations using trace elements in apatite from Late Ordovician (Sandbian–Katian) K-bentonites of eastern North America. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 127, 1259–1274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu, S. & Obata, T. 1935. On some new genera of Ordovician nautiloids from East Asia. The Journal of the Shanghai Science Institute, Section 2, 2, 11–25.
   Google Scholar
• Sohrabi, A. & Jin, J. 2013. Global palaeobiogeography of brachiopod faunas during the early Katian (Late Ordovician) greenhouse episode. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 389, 78–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strand, T. 1934. The Upper Ordovician cephalopods of the Oslo area. Norsk Geologiske Tidsskrift, 14, 1–117.
   Google Scholar
• Stumbur, H. A. 1962. Rasprostranenie nautiloidei v ordovike Estonii (s opisaniem nekotorykh novykh rodov). Trudy Instituta Geologii Akademii Nauk Estonskoi SSR (ENSV Teaduste Akadeemia Geoloogia Instituudi Uurimused), 10, 131–147. [In Russian.]
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki, Y. & Bergström, J. 1999. Trilobite taphonomy and ecology in Upper Ordovician carbonate buildups in Dalarna, Sweden. Lethaia, 32, 159–172.
   Google Scholar
• Sweet, W. C. 1958. The Middle Ordovician of the Oslo region of Norway. 10. Nautiloid cephalopods. Norsk Geologiske Tidsskrift, 31, 1–178.
   Google Scholar
• Teichert, C. 1933. Der Bau der actinoceroiden Cephalopoden. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 77, 111–230.
   Google Scholar
• Teichert, C. 1964. Actinoceratoidea. Pp. K190–K216 in R. C. Moore (ed.) Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Part K. Mollusca 3. Endoceratoidea, Actinoceratoidea, Nautiloidea, Bactritoidea. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.
   Google Scholar
• Torsvik, T. H. 2011. BugPlates: linking biogeography and palaeogeography [updated at http://www.geodynamics.no/Web/Content/Software, accessed 15 January 2016].
   Google Scholar
• Tuuling, I. & Flodén, T. 2000. Late Ordovician carbonate buildups and erosional features northeast of Gotland, northern Baltic Sea. GFF, 122, 237–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulrich, E. O., Foerste, A. F., Miller, A. K. & Furnish, W. M. 1942. Ozarkian and Canadian cephalopods. Part I: Nautilicones. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 37, 1–157.
   Google Scholar
• Wani, R., Kase, T., Shigeta, Y. & De Ocampo, R. 2005. New look at ammonoid taphonomy, based on field experiments with modern chambered nautilus. Geology, 33, 849–852.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiteaves, J. F. 1891. Descriptions of some new or previously unrecorded species of fossils from the Devonian rocks of Manitoba. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 8(4), 93–110.
   Google Scholar
• Whitfield, R. P. 1886. Notice of geological investigations along the eastern shore of Lake Champlain, conducted by Prof. H. M. Seeley and Prest. Ezra Brainerd, of Middlebury College, with descriptions of the new fossils discovered. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1, 293–345.
   Google Scholar
• Wyse-Jackson, P. N. & Key, M. M. Jr. 2014. Epizoic bryozoans on cephalopods through the Phanerozoic: a review. Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali, 94, 283–291.
   Google Scholar
• Wyse-Jackson, P. N., Key, M. M. Jr & Coakley, S. P. 2014. Epizoozoan trepostome bryozoans on nautiloids from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) of the Cincinnati Arch region, USA: an assessment of growth, form, and water flow dynamics. Journal of Paleontology, 88, 475–487.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, S. A., Saltzman, M. R. & Bergström, S. M. 2005. Upper Ordovician (Mohawkian) carbon isotope (δ13C) stratigraphy in eastern and central North America: regional expression of a perturbation of the global carbon cycle. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 222, 53–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, S. A., Saltzman, M. R., Ausich, W. I., Desrochers, A. & Dimitri, K. 2010. Did changes in atmospheric CO2 coincide with latest Ordovician glacial-interglacial cycles? Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 296, 376–388.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, S. A., Saltzman, M. R., Bergström, S. M., Leslie, S. A. & Xu, C. 2008. Paired δ13C carb and δ13C org records of Upper Ordovician (Sandbian–Katian) carbonates in North America and China: implications for paleoceanographic change. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 270, 166–178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y. & Chen T. 2002. Ordovician nautiloids from Lijiang, Yunnan, southwest China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 41, 77–84.
   Google Scholar
• Zhuravleva, F. A. 1959. On the family Michelinoceratidae. Materialii k Osnovam Paleontologii, 3, 47–48.
   Google Scholar