Cainotheriidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from Dams (Quercy, SW France): phylogenetic relationships and evolution around the Eocene–Oligocene transition (MP19–MP21)

References

• Aguilar, J.-P., Legendre, S. & Michaux, J. 1997. Biochronologie mammalienne du cénozoïque en Europe et domaines reliés. Pp. 1–818 in J. P. Aguilar, S. Legendre & J. Michaux (eds) Actes Du Congrès BiochroM’97. Mémoires et Travaux de l’Institut de Montpellier de l'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Montpellier.
   Google Scholar
• Akhmetiev, M. A. & Beniamovski, V. N. 2009. Paleogene floral assemblages around epicontinental seas and straits in Northern Central Eurasia: proxies for climatic and paleogeographic evolution. Geologica Acta, 7(1–2), 297–309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antoine, P. A. 2002. Phylogénie et évolution des Elasmotheriinae (Mammalia, Rhinocerotidae). Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 188, 1–359.
   Google Scholar
• Berger, F. E. 1959. Untersuchungen an Schädel und Gebissresten von Cainotheriidae. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 112, 1–58.
   Google Scholar
• Berggren, W. A. & Prothero, D. R. 1992. Eocene–Oligocene climatic and biotic evolution: an overview. Pp. 1–28 in W. A. Berggren & D. R. Prothero (eds) Eocene–Oligocene climatic and biotic evolution. Princeton University Press, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Berthet, D. 2003. Le genre Cainotherium (Mammalia, Artiodactyla): étude morphométrique, révision systématique, implications évolutives et paléobiogéographiques, extinction. Unpublished PhD thesis, Université Lyon 1, 204 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Blondel, C. 2001. The Eocene–Oligocene ungulates from Western Europe and their environment. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 168(12), 125–139.
   Google Scholar
• Blondel, C. 2005. New data on the Cainotheriidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the early Oligocene of south-western France. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 144(2), 145–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boisserie, J. R., Lihoreau, F., Orliac, M. J., Fisher, R. E., Weston, E. M. & Ducrocq, S. 2010. Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the earliest known hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla, Hippopotamidae, Kenyapotaminae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 158(2), 325–366.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boivin, M., Orliac, M. J., Antunes, M. T., Godinot, M., Laurent, Y., Marandat, B., Vidalenc, D. & Tabuce, R. 2018. New material of Diacodexis (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the early Eocene of Southern Europe. Geobios, 51(4), 285–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolliger, T. 2013. Late Oligocene micromammal teeth (MP28/29) from the Lower Freshwater Molasse (USM) of Chrummorge (Lägern, N-Switzerland). Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 106(2), 147–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bravard, A. 1844. Considérations sur la distribution des mammifères terrestres fossiles dans le département du Puy-de-Dôme, Thibaud-Landriot Frères.
   Google Scholar
• Camp, C. L. & Van der Hoof, V. L. 1940. Bibliography of fossil vertebrates, 1928–1933. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 27, 1–503.
   Google Scholar
• Cavagnetto, C. & Anadón, P. 1996. Preliminary palynological data on floristic and climatic changes during the middle Eocene–early Oligocene of the eastern Ebro Basin, northeast Spain. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 92(3–4), 281–305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collinson, M. E. 1992. Vegetational and floristic changes around the Eocene/Oligocene boundary in Western and Central Europe. Pp. 437–450 in W. A. Berggren & D. R. Prothero (eds) Eocene–Oligocene climatic and biotic evolution. Princeton University Press, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Dehm, R. 1937. Neue tertiäre Spaltenfüllungen im südlichen Fränkischen Jura. Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie. Abteilung B 9, 349–369.
   Google Scholar
• Emry, R. J. 1978. A new hypertragulid (Mammalia, Ruminantia) from the early Chadronian of Wyoming and Texas. Journal of Paleontology, 52(5), 1004–1014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erfurt, J. & Métais, G. 2007. Endemic European Paleogene Artiodactyls: Cebochoeridae, Choeropotamidae, Mixtotheriidae, Cainotheriidae, Anoplotheriidae, Xiphodontidae, and Amphimerycidae. Pp. 59–84 in D. R. Prothero & S. E. Foss (eds) The evolution of artiodactyls. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Escarguel, G., Legendre, S. & Sigé, B. 2008. Unearthing deep-time biodiversity changes: the Palaeogene mammalian metacommunity of the Quercy and Limagne area (Massif Central, France). Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 340(9–10), 602–614.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filhol, H. 1877. Recherches sur les phosphorites du Quercy: étude des fossiles qu’on y rencontre et spécialement des mammifères. Annales de la société géologique de France, 8, 1–340.
   Google Scholar
• Filhol, H. 1884. Observations relatives à des mammifères fossiles nouveaux provenant des dépôts de phosphate de chaux du Quercy. Bulletin des Sciences physiques et naturelles de Toulouse, 5(2), 159–203.
   Google Scholar
• Geisler, J. H. & Uhen, M. D. 2003. Morphological support for a close relationship between hippos and whales. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23(4), 991–996.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geisler, J. H. & Uhen, M. D. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships of extinct cetartiodactyls: results of simultaneous analyses of molecular, morphological, and stratigraphic data. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 12, 145–160.
   Google Scholar
• Geisler, J. H., Theodor, J. M., Uhen, M. D. & Foss, S. E. 2007. Phylogenetic relationships of cetaceans to terrestrial artiodactyls. Pp. 19–31 in D. R. Prothero & S. E. Foss (eds) The evolution of artiodactyls. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Gentry, A. W. & Hooker, J. J. 1988. The phylogeny of the Artiodactyla. Pp. 235–272 in M. J. Benton (eds) The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods: Volume 2, mammals. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Gervais, P. 1873. Mémoire sur plusieurs espèces de mammifères fossiles propres à l'Amérique méridionale, par M. Paul Gervais.
   Google Scholar
• Heissig, K. 1978. Fossilführende Spaltenfüllungen Süddeutschlands und die Ökologie ihrer oligozänen Huftiere. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und historische Geologie, 18, 237–288.
   Google Scholar
• Hooker, J. J. 2007. Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene–earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 151(3), 609–659.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooker, J. J. & Russell, D. E. 2012. Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 164(4), 856–936.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooker, J. J. & Weidmann, M. 2000. The Eocene mammal faunas of Mormont, Switzerland: systematic revision and resolutions of dating problems. Schweizerische Paläontologische Abhandlungen, 120, 1–143.
   Google Scholar
• Hürzeler, J. 1936. Osteologie und odontologie der Caenotheriden. Abhandlungen der Schweizerischen Paläeontologischen Gesellschaft, 58–59, 1–111.
   Google Scholar
• Klingener, D. 1963. Dental evolution of Zapus. Journal of Mammalogy, 44(2), 248–260.
   Google Scholar
• Legendre, S. 1980. Etude du gisement de Port-la-Nouvelle; étude des Cainotheriidae d’Escamps. Unpublished DEA of Paleontology, University of Montpellier, Montpellier.
   Google Scholar
• Legendre, S. 1987. Les communautés de mammifères d’Europe occidentale de I’Eocène supérieur et Oligocène: structures et milieux. Münchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, 10(A), 310–312.
   Google Scholar
• Lihoreau, F., Boisserie, J. R., Manthi, F. K. & Ducrocq, S. 2015. Hippos stem from the longest sequence of terrestrial cetartiodactyl evolution in Africa. Nature Communications, 6, 6264, doi: 10.1038/ncomms7264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Syst. nat., ed. 1–824.
   Google Scholar
• Major, F. 1873. Nagerüberreste aus Bohnerzen Süddeutschlands und der Schweiz. Palaeontographica, 75–130.
   Google Scholar
• Matthew, W. D. & Reed, W. H. 1910. On the skull of Apternodus and the skeleton of a new artiodactyl. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 28(5), 33–42.
   Google Scholar
• O’Leary, M. A. & Gatesy, J. 2007. Impact of increased character sampling on the phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla (Mammalia): combined analysis including fossils. Cladistics, 23, 1–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orliac, M. J., Pierre‐Olivier, A. & Ducrocq, S. 2010. Phylogenetic relationships of the Suidae (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla): new insights on the relationships within Suoidea. Zoologica Scripta, 39(4), 315–330.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen, R. 1848. Description of teeth and portions of jaw of two extinct anthracotherioid quadrupeds (Hyopotamus vectianus and Hyop. bovines) discovered by the Marchioness of Hastings in the Eocene deposits on the NW coast of the Isle of Wight: with an attempt to develop Cuvier's idea of the classification of pachyderms by the number of their toes. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 4, 103–141.
   Google Scholar
• Page, R. D. M. 2001. Nexus Data Editor. Version 0.5.0. University of Glasgow, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Pomel, A. 1853. Catalogue méthodique et descriptif des vertébrés fossiles découverts dans le bassin hydrographique supérieur de la Loire et surtout dans la vallée de son affluent principal de l’Allier. Baillière, J. J., Paris
   Google Scholar
• Rincon, A. F., Bloch, J. I., MacFadden, B. J. & Jaramillo, C. A. 2015. New early Miocene protoceratids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from Panama. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 35(5), 1–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romer, A. S. 1966. Vertebrate paleontology. Third Edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago Illinois, 468 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Schlosser, M. 1884. Die Nager des Europäischen Tertiärs: nebst Betrachtungen über die Organisation und die geschichtliche. Palaeontographica, 21, 1–143.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt-Kittler, N. & Vianey-Liaud, M. 1987. Morphometric analysis of the genus Issiodoromys (Theridomyidae, Rodentia) of the European Oligocene. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, 90, 281–306.
   Google Scholar
• Simpson, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 85, 1–350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skwara, T. 1986. A new ‘flying squirrel’ (Rodentia: Sciuridae) from the early Miocene of southwestern Saskatchewan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 6(3), 290–294.
   Google Scholar
• Stehlin, H. G. 1906. Die Säugetiere des schweizerischen Eocaens. Abhandlungen der Schweizerischen Paläontologischen Gesellschaft, 32, 1–33.
   Google Scholar
• Stehlin, H. G. 1908. Die Säugetiere des Schweizerischen Eocaens, Cristischer Catalog der Materialen, T. 5. Abhandlungen der Schweizerischen Paläontologischen Gesellschaft, 34, 691–837.
   Google Scholar
• Stehlin, H. G. 1910. Remarques sur les faunules de mammifère des couches Eocènes et Oligocènes du Bassin de Paris. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, 19, 488–520.
   Google Scholar
• Sudre, J. 1969. Les gisements de Robiac (Eocène supérieur) et leurs faunes de Mammifères. Palaeovertebrata, 2, 95–156.
   Google Scholar
• Sudre, J. 1977. L’évolution du genre Robiacina Sudre 1969, et l’origine des Cainotheriidae; implications systématiques. Geobios, 10, 213–231.
   Google Scholar
• Sudre, J. 1978. Les artiodactyles de l’Eocène moyen et supérieur d’Europe occidentale: (systématique et évolution). Unpublished PhD thesis, UMontpellier, Institut EPHH, 229 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Sudre J. 1995. Le Garouillas et les sites contemporains (Oligocène, MP25) des phosphorites du Quercy (Lot, Tarn-etGaronne, France) et leurs faunes de Vertébrés. Palaeontographica, 236, 205–256.
   Google Scholar
• Sudre, J. & Legendre S. 1992. Ungulates from Paleogene of Western Europe: relationships between their evolution and environmental changes during that period. Pp. 15–25 in G. Janeau, F. Spitz, G. Gonzalez & S. Aulagnier (eds) Ongulés/Ungulates. S.F.E.P.M. – I.R.G.M., Paris and Toulouse.
   Google Scholar
• Swofford, D. L. 1984. PAUP-Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois.
   Google Scholar
• Swofford, D. L. 2002. PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4.0a161. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
   Google Scholar
• Theodor, J. M. 2010. Micro-computed tomographic scanning of the ear region of Cainotherium: character analysis and implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 30(1), 236–243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thewissen, J. G., Cooper, L. N., Clementz, M. T., Bajpai, S. & Tiwari, B. N. 2007. Whales originated from aquatic artiodactyls in the Eocene epoch of India. Nature, 450, 1190–1195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Made, J. 1996. Listriodontinae (Suidae, Mammalia), their evolution, systematics and distribution in time and space. Mededelingen van de Werkgroep voor Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie, 33(1/4), 3–254.
   Google Scholar
• Vianey-Liaud, M. 1974. Les Rongeurs de l’Oligocène inférieur d’Escamps. Palaeovertebrata, 6, 197–241.
   Google Scholar
• Vianey-Liaud, M. 1976. Les Issiodoromyinae (Rodentia, Theridomyidae) de l’Eocène supérieur à l’Oligocène supérieur en Europe Occidentale. Palaeovertebrata, 7, 1–115.
   Google Scholar
• Vianey-Liaud, M. 1979. Evolution des rongeurs à l’Oligocène en Europe Occidentale. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 166, 136–236.
   Google Scholar
• Vianey-Liaud, M. 1998. La radiation des Theridomyidae (Rodentia) à l’Oligocène inférieur: modalités et implications biochronologiques. Geologica et Palaeontologica, 32, 253–285.
   Google Scholar
• Vianey-Liaud, M. 2015. Parallelism in the evolution of dental pattern and systematic implications: the case of Protechimys major Schlosser, 1884 (Theridomyinae, Rodentia, Mammalia) and its associated rodents. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 14, 451–470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vianey-Liaud, M. & Ringeade, M. 1993. La radiation des Theridomyidae (Rodentia) hypsodontes à l’Eocène supérieur. Géobios, 26, 455–495.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vianey-Liaud, M. & Schmid, B. 2009. Diversité, datation et paléoenvironnement de la faune de mammifères Oligocène de Cavalé (Quercy, SO France): contribution de l’analyse morphométrique des Theridomyinae (Mammalia, Rodentia). Geodiversitas, 31, 909–941.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vianey-Liaud, M., Comte, B. & Lévêque, F. 1995. Le Garouillas et les sites contemporains (Oligocène MP25) des phosphorites du Quercy (Lot, Tarn et Garonne, France) et leurs faunes de vertébrés: Rongeurs. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 236, 257–326.
   Google Scholar
• Webb, S. D. & Taylor, B. E. 1980. The phylogeny of hornless ruminants and a description of the cranium of Archaeomeryx. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 167, 120–157.
   Google Scholar