Ultramarathon runners’ perception of place: a photo-based analysis

References

• Allen Collinson, J., & Hockey, J. (2007). ‘Working out’ identity: Distance runners and the management of disrupted identity. Leisure Studies, 26, 381–398. doi: 10.1080/02614360601053384
   Google Scholar
• Bale, J. (2003). Sports geography. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Boddy, C. R. (2016). Sample size for qualitative research. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 19(4), 426–432. doi: 10.1108/QMR-06-2016-0053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77–101. doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Bricker, K. S., & Kerstetter, D. L. (2000). Level of specialization and place attachment: An exploratory study of whitewater recreationists. Leisure Sciences, 22, 233–257. doi: 10.1080/01490409950202285
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, G., & Raymond, C. (2007). The relationship between place attachment and landscape values: Toward mapping place attachment. Applied Geography, 27(2), 89–111. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2006.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, G., Smith, A., & Assaker, G. (2016). Revisiting the host city: An empirical examination of sport involvement, place attachment, event satisfaction and spectator intentions at the London Olympics. Tourism Management, 55, 160–172. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2016.02.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canadian Institute of Extreme Racing. (2015). Canadian death race 2015 solo results. Retrieved from http://www.canadiandeathrace.com/results/2015/rpt_05_ResultsSolo.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Canadian Institute of Extreme Racing. (n.d.). Race overview. Retrieved from http://www.canadiandeathrace.com/what-is-the-canadian-death-race
   Google Scholar
• Chalip, L. (2006). Towards social leverage of sport events. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 11(2), 109–127. doi: 10.1080/14775080601155126
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. (2009). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Dixon, J., & Durrheim, K. (2000). Displacing place identity: A discursive approach to locating self and other. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39(1), 27–44. doi: 10.1348/014466600164318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallarza, M. G., Saura, I. G., & García, H. C. (2002). Destination image: Towards a conceptual framework. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 56–78. doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00031-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gammon, S. (2015). Sport tourism finding its place? In S. Gammon & S. Elkington (Eds.), Landscapes of leisure (pp. 110–122). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Garrod, B. (2007). A snapshot into the past: The utility of volunteer-employed photography in planning and managing heritage tourism. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 2(1), 14–35. doi: 10.2167/jht018.0
   Google Scholar
• Garrod, B. (2008). Exploring place perception a photo-based analysis. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2), 381–401. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2007.09.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrod, B. (2009). Understanding the relationship between tourism destination imagery and tourist photography. Journal of Travel Research, 47(3), 346–358. doi: 10.1177/0047287508322785
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazley, A., & Watling, L. (2015). Me, my tourist-self, and I: The symbolic consumption of travel. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 32(6), 639–655. doi: 10.1080/10548408.2014.954690
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Getz, D., & McConnell, A. (2014). Comparing trail runners and mountain bikers: Motivation, involvement, portfolios, and event-tourist careers. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 15(1), 69–100. doi: 10.1080/15470148.2013.834807
   Google Scholar
• Gou, S., & Shibata, S. (2017). Using visitor-employed photography to study the visitor experience on a pilgrimage route – a case study of the Nakahechi route on the Kumano Kodo pilgrimage network in Japan. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 18, 22–33. doi: 10.1016/j.jort.2017.01.006
   Google Scholar
• Green, B. C., & Chalip, L. (1998). Sport tourism as the celebration of subculture. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(2), 275–291. doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00073-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, B. C., & Jones, I. (2005). Serious leisure, social identity and sport tourism. Sport in Society, 8(2), 164–181. doi: 10.1080/174304305001102010
   Google Scholar
• Gross, M. J., & Brown, G. (2008). An empirical structural model of tourists and places: Progressing involvement and place attachment into tourism. Tourism Management, 29, 1141–1151. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.02.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallmann, K., Zehrer, A., & Müller, S. (2015). Perceived destination image: An image model for a winter sports destination and its effect on intention to revisit. Journal of Travel Research, 54(1), 94–106. doi: 10.1177/0047287513513161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanold, M. (2016). Ultrarunning: Space, place, and social experience. In W. Bridel, P. Markula, & J. Denison (Eds.), Endurance running: A socio-cultural examination (pp. 196–211). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hinch, T., & Higham, J. (2011). Sport tourism development (2nd ed.). Bristol: Channel View.
   Google Scholar
• Hinch, T., & Holt, N. L. (2017). Sustaining places and participatory sport tourism events. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(8), 1084–1099. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2016.1253703
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinch, T. D., & Higham, J. (2005). Sport, tourism and authenticity. European Sports Management Quarterly, 5(3), 245–258.
   Google Scholar
• Jarvis, N., & Blank, C. (2011). The importance of tourism motivations among sport event volunteers at the 2007 world gymnastic championship, Stuttgart Germany. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 16(2), 129–147. doi: 10.1080/14775085.2011.568089
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins, O. (2003). Photography and travel brochures: The circle of representation. Tourism Geographies, 5(3), 305–328. doi: 10.1080/14616680309715
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jutla, R. (2000). Visual image of the city: Tourists’ versus residents’ perception of Simla, a hill station in Northern India. Tourism Geographies, 2, 404–420. doi: 10.1080/146166800750035512
   Google Scholar
• Kaplanidou, K., & Vogt, C. (2007). The interrelationship between sport event and destination image and sport tourists’ behaviours. Journal of Sport Tourism, 12(3/4), 183–206. doi: 10.1080/14775080701736932
   Google Scholar
• Kirkup, N., & Sutherland, M. (2017). Exploring the relationships between motivation, attachment and loyalty within sport event tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(1), 7–14. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2015.1046819
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korpela, K. M., Ylén, M., Tyrväinen, L., & Silvennoinen, H. (2009). Stability of self-reported favourite places and place attachment over a 10-month period. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29(1), 95–100. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.05.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyle, G., Bricker, K., Graefe, A., & Wickham, T. (2004). An examination of recreationists’ relationships with activities and settings. Leisure Sciences, 26, 123–142. doi: 10.1080/01490400490432019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyle, G., & Chick, G. (2007). The social construction of a sense of place. Leisure Sciences, 29(3), 209–225. doi: 10.1080/01490400701257922
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamont, M. (2014). Authentication in sports tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 45, 1–17. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2013.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 159–174. doi: 10.2307/2529310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. J., Kyle, G., & Scott, D. (2012). Mediating effect of place attachment on the relationship between festival satisfaction and loyalty to the festival hosting destination. Journal of Travel Research, 51(6), 754–767. doi: 10.1177/0047287512437859
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewicka, M. (2011). Place attachment: How far have we come in the last 40 years? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31(3), 207–230. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loeffler, T. A. (2004). A photo elicitation study of the meanings of outdoor adventure experiences. Journal of Leisure Research, 36(4), 536–556. doi: 10.1080/00222216.2004.11950035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKay, K. J., & Couldwell, C. M. (2004). Using visitor-employed photography to investigate destination image. Journal of Travel Research, 42(4), 390–396. doi: 10.1177/0047287504263035
   Google Scholar
• Markwell, K. (1997). Dimensions of photography in a nature-based tour. Annals of Tourism Research, 24, 131–155. doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(96)00053-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillimore, J., & Goodson, L. (2004). Qualitative research in tourism: Ontologies, epistemologies and methodologies. New York: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pike, S. (2002). Destination image analysis – a review of 142 papers from 1973 to 2000. Tourism Management, 23(5), 541–549. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00005-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomeranz, E. F., Needham, M. D., & Kruger, L. E. (2015). Perceptions of stakeholders regarding wilderness and best management practices in an Alaska recreation area. Managing Sport and Leisure, 20(1), 36–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pritchard, A., & Morgan, N. (2003). Mythic geographies of representation and identity: Contemporary postcards of Wales. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 1(2), 111–130. doi: 10.1080/14766820308668163
   Google Scholar
• Reeves, M. R. (1999). Evidencing the sport-tourism relationship: A case study approach (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Loughborough University, Loughborough.
   Google Scholar
• Relph, E. C. (1976). Place and placelessness. London: Pluto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rose, G. (2016). Visual methodologies: An introduction to researching with visual material (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Scannell, L., & Gifford, R. (2010). Defining place attachment: A tripartite organizing framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(1), 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.09.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seamon, D. (1980). Body-subject, time-space routines, and place-ballets. In A. Buttimer & D. Seamon (Eds.), The human experience of space and place (pp. 148–165). New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Shipway, R., Holloway, I., & Jones, I. (2013). Organisations, practices, actors and events: Exploring inside the distance running social world. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 48(3), 259–276. doi: 10.1177/1012690212442135
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shipway, R., & Jones, I. (2007). Running away from home: Understanding visitor experiences and behaviour at sport tourism events. International Journal of Tourism Research, 9, 373–383. doi: 10.1002/jtr.641
   Google Scholar
• Simpson, C., Post, P., Young, G., & Jensen, P. (2014). ‘It’s not about taking the easy road’: The experiences of ultramarathon runners. The Sport Psychologist, 28, 176–185. doi: 10.1123/tsp.2013-0064
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinney, J. (2006). A place of sense: A kinaesthetic ethnography of cyclists on Mont Ventoux. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 24(5), 709–732. doi: 10.1068/d66j
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Standeven, J., & De Knop, P. (1999). Sport tourism. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Stebbins, R. A. (2007). Serious leisure: A perspective for our time. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
   Google Scholar
• Stepchenkova, S., & Zhan, F. (2013). Visual destination images of Peru: Comparative content analysis of DMO and user-generated photography. Tourism Management, 36, 590–601. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.08.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todd, S. (2001). Self-concept: A tourism application. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 1(2), 184–196. doi: 10.1002/cb.64
   Google Scholar
• Tuan, Y. F. (1975). Place: An experiential perspective. Geographical Review, 65(2), 151–165. doi: 10.2307/213970
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unruh, D. (1980). The nature of social worlds. Pacific Sociological Review, 23, 271–296. doi: 10.2307/1388823
   Google Scholar
• Urry, J. (1990). The tourist gaze: Leisure and travel in contemporary societies. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Weed, M., & Bull, C. (2009). Sports tourism: Participants, policy and providers (2nd ed.). London: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Wynveen, C. J., Kyle, G. T., & Sutton, S. G. (2012). Natural area visitors’ place meaning and place attachment ascribed to a marine setting. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32(4), 287–296. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.05.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, H., Fu, X., Cai, L. A., & Lu, L. (2014). Destination image and tourist loyalty: A meta-analysis. Tourism Management, 40, 213–223. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2013.06.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar