Explaining the Electoral Failure of Extreme-Right Parties in Estonia and Latvia

References

• Anastasakis , O. 2002 . The politics of extremism in Eastern Europe: a reaction to transition . Papeles del Este—Transiciones Poscuministas , No. 3
   Google Scholar
• Art , D. 2007 . Reacting to the radical right: lessons from Germany and Austria . Party Politics , 13 ( 3 ) : 331 – 349 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auers , D. 2002 . The 2002 Latvian election: a new era? . East European Constitutional Review , 11(4)/12 ( 1 ) : 106 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Auers , D. and Ikstens , J. 2005 . “ The democratic role of political parties ” . In How Democratic is Latvia? An Audit of Democracy , Edited by: Rozenvalds , J. 89 – 100 . Riga : University of Latvia .
   Google Scholar
• Bale , T. 2003 . Cinderella and her ugly sisters: the mainstream and extreme right in Europe . West European Politics , 26 ( 3 ) : 67 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brüggemann , K. and Kasekamp , A. 2008 . The politics of history and the ‘war of monuments’ in Estonia . Nationalities Papers , 36 ( 3 ) : 425 – 448 .
   Google Scholar
• Coleman , N. 2000, November 23 . Russian extremists take St. Peter's . Baltic Times , : 1
   Google Scholar
• De Lange , S. 2007 . A new winning formula? The programmatic appeal of the radical right . Party Politics , 13 ( 4 ) : 411 – 435 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downs , A. 1957 . An Economic Theory of Democracy , New York : Harper .
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , R. 2002 . The Growth of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe , Lewiston, NY : Edwin Mellen .
   Google Scholar
• Golder , M. 2003 . Explaining variation in the success of extreme-right parties in Western Europe . Comparative Political Studies , 36 ( 4 ) : 432 – 466 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRECO . 2008 . Evaluation report on Estonia. Transparency of party funding , Strasbourg : Council of Europe . Available online at: http://www.coe.int/t/dg1/Greco/evaluations/round3/GrecoEval3(2007)5_Estonia_Two_EN.pdf (accessed 20 June 2008)
   Google Scholar
• Hainsworth , P. , ed. 2000 . The Politics of the Extreme Right: From the Margins to the Mainstream , London : Pinter .
   Google Scholar
• Ignazi , P. 2003 . Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kaitsepolitseiamet . 2007 . Kaitsepolitsei aastaraamat 2006 , [The Security Police Board Yearbook 2006] Tallinn : Kaitsepolitseiamet .
   Google Scholar
• Kasekamp , A. 2003 . Extreme right parties in contemporary Estonia . Patterns of Prejudice , 37 ( 4 ) : 401 – 414 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitschelt , H. and McGann , A. J. 1995 . The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis , Ann Arbor, MI : University of Michigan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Latvian Anti-Corruption Bureau. (2008) Available online at: http://www.knab.lv (accessed 10 March 2008).
   Google Scholar
• Latvian Central Election Commission. (2008) Available online at: http://www.cvk.lv (accessed 10 March 2008).
   Google Scholar
• Latvian Ministry of Economics . 2001 . Economic Development of Latvia , Rīga : Latvian Ministry of Economics .
   Google Scholar
• Latvian Ombudsman's Office . 2008 . 2007 Annual Report , Riga : Latvian Ombudsman's Office .
   Google Scholar
• Leitāns , I. 2007, May 10 . 9.maijs Riga: sakas ar grustisanos, beidzas ar salutu [9 May in Riga: began with shoving, ended in fireworks] . Diena , : 3
   Google Scholar
• Leitāns , I. 2008, March 17 . Viss ir mierigs 16 marta [All is calm on 16 March] . Diena , : 4
   Google Scholar
• Lukas , T. 2006, July 31 . Idealism on pragmatismist kasulikum [Idealism is more useful than pragmatism] . Eesti Päevaleht ,
   Google Scholar
• March , L. and Mudde , C. 2005 . What's left of the radical left? The European radical left after 1989: decline and mutation . Comparative European Politics , 3 : 23 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Mikkel , E. 2006 . “ Patterns of party formation in Estonia: consolidation unaccomplished ” . In Post-Communist EU Member States: Parties and Party Systems , Edited by: Jungerstam-Mulders , S. 23 – 47 . Aldershot, UK : Ashgate .
   Google Scholar
• Mikkel , E. and Kasekamp , A. 2008 . “ Emerging party-based Euroscepticism in Estonia ” . In Opposing Europe: Comparative Party Politics of Euroscepticism: Volume 1: Case Studies and Country Surveys , Edited by: Taggart , P. and Szczerbiak , A. Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Minkenberg , M. 2002 . The radical right in postsocialist Central and Eastern Europe: comparative observations and interpretations . East European Politics and Societies , 16 ( 2 ) : 335 – 362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mozaika . 2007 . Homofobiska runa Latvija: Politisku Monitorings , [Homophobic speech in Latvia: monitoring of politicians] Riga : Mozaika .
   Google Scholar
• Mudde , C. , ed. 2005 . Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Mudde , C. 2006 . “ Anti-system politics ” . In Developments in European Politics , Edited by: Heywod , P. , Jones , E. , Rhodes , M. and Sedelmeier , U. 178 – 195 . Basingstoke, UK : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Muižnieks , N. 2005 . “ Latvia ” . In Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe , Edited by: Mudde , C. 101 – 128 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Norris , P. 2005 . Radical Right: Voters and Parties in the Electoral Market , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Onken , E. 2007 . The Baltic states and Moscow's 9 May commemoration: analysing memory politics in Europe . Europe-Asia Studies , 59 ( 1 ) : 23 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pabriks , A. and Štokenberga , A. 2006 . “ Political parties and the party system in Latvia ” . In Post-Communist EU Member States: Parties and Party Systems , Edited by: Jungerstam-Mulders , S. 51 – 68 . Aldershot, UK : Ashgate .
   Google Scholar
• Pettai , V. and Kreuzer , M. 1999 . Party politics in the Baltic States: Social bases and institutional context . Eastern European Politics and Societies , 13 ( 1 ) : 150 – 191 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersoo , P. and Tamm , M. , eds. 2008 . Monumentaalne konflikt: mälu, poliitika ja identiteet tänapäeva Eestis [Monumental Conflict: Memory, Politics and Identity in Contemporary Estonia] , Tallinn : Varrak .
   Google Scholar
• Poleschuk , V. 2005 . “ Estonia ” . In Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe , Edited by: Mudde , C. 58 – 79 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Rose , R. 2001 . New Baltic Barometer V. A Pre-Enlargement Survey , Glasgow : Centre for the Study of Public Policy .
   Google Scholar
• Rose , R. 2005 . New Baltic Barometer VI: A Post-Enlargement Survey , Glasgow : Centre for the Study of Public Policy .
   Google Scholar
• Rupnik , J. 2007 . From democracy fatigue to populist backlash . Journal of Democracy , 18 ( 4 ) : 17 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rydgren , J. 2005 . Is extreme right-wing populism contagious? Explaining the emergence of a new party family . European Journal of Political Research , 44 : 413 – 437 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Estonia . 1999 . Statistical Yearbook of Estonia 1998 , Tallinn : Statistics Estonia .
   Google Scholar
• Valsts Cilvēktiesību Birojs . 2005 . 2005g. zinojums , [Latvian Human Rights Office. 2005 Report] Riga : VCB .
   Google Scholar