Convenience stores and routine activities in a summer tourist destination

References

• Anderson, E. (1999). Code of the street: Decency, violence, and the moral life of the inner city. New York, NY: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Brantingham, P., & Brantingham, P. J. (1995). Criminality of place. European Journal on Criminal Policy & Research, 3, 5–26.
   Google Scholar
• Brantingham, P. J, Brantingham, P. L. (1984). Patterns in crime. New York, NY: Macmillan/McGraw-Hill School Division.
   Google Scholar
• Brunt, P. R., Mawby, R. I., & Hambly, Z. (2000). Tourist victimisation and the fear of crime on holiday. Tourism Management, 21, 417–424.10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00084-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess, M., & Moffatt, S. (2011). The association between alcohol outlet density and assaults on and around licensed premises. Crime and Justice Bulletin No. 147.
   Google Scholar
• Calder, J. D., & Bauer, J. R. (1992). Convinience store robberies: Security measures and store robbery incidents. Journal of Criminal Justice, 20, 553–566.10.1016/0047-2352(92)90064-G
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chesney-Lind, M., Lind, I., & Schaafsma, H. (1983). Salient factors In Hawaii’s crime rate, youth development And research center ( Report No. 286). Hawaii: University Of Hawaii-Manoa.
   Google Scholar
• Cliff, A., & Ord, K. (1972). Testing for spatial autocorrelation among regression residuals. Geographical Analysis, 4, 267–284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CNN Money. (2008). How safe is your ATM While a breach is unlikely, it's not unheard of – especially if you're getting cash at a convenience store. But there are things you can do to protect yourself. Retrieved from: http://money.cnn.com/2008/07/02/pf/atm_security/index.htm?postversion=2008070215
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44, 588–608.10.2307/2094589
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook, P. J., & Moore, M. J. (1993). Violence reduction through restrictions on alcohol availability. Alcohol Health & Research World, 17, 151–156.
   Google Scholar
• Costanza, C. E., Bankston, W. B., & Shihadeh, E. (2001). Alcohol availability and violent crime rates: A spatial analysis. Journal of Crime & Justice, 24, 71–83.
   Google Scholar
• de Albuquerque, K., & McElroy, J. (1999). Tourism and crime in the Caribbean. Annals of Tourism Research, 26, 968–984.10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00031-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decker, S. H., Varano, S. P., & Greene, J. R. (2007). Routine crime in exceptional times: The impact of the 2002 Winter Olympics on citizen demand for police services. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35, 89–101.10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.11.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eck, J. E., & Eck, E. B. (2012). Crime place and pollution. Criminology & Public Policy, 11, 281–316.
   Google Scholar
• Exum, M. L., Kuhns, J. B., Koch, B., & Johnson, C. (2009). An examination of situational crime prevention strategies across convenience stores and fast-food restaurants. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 2010, 269–295.
   Google Scholar
• Felson, M. 1995. Those who discourage crime. In J. E. Eck & D. Weisburd (Eds.), Crime and place: Crime prevention studies (Vol. 4, pp. 53–66). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.
   Google Scholar
• Felson, M. & Boba, R. (2010). Crime and everyday life. California, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Felson, M., & Clarke, R. V. (1995). Routine precautions, criminology, and crime prevention. In H. D. Barlow (Ed.), Crime and public policy: Putting theory to work (pp. 179–190). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Felson, M., & Cohen, L. E. (1980). Human ecology and crime: A routine activity approach. Human Ecology, 8, 389–406.10.1007/BF01561001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer, P., Krueger, J. I., Greitemeyer, T., Vogrincic, C., Kastenmüller, A., Frey, D., Kainbacher, M. (2011). The bystander-effect: A meta-analytic review on bystander intervention in dangerous and non-dangerous emergencies. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 517–537.10.1037/a0023304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, J. (1997). Applied regression analysis, linear models, and related methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, R. (2010). Tourism and crime: A typological analysis. Tourism Culture & Communication, 10, 33–44.
   Google Scholar
• Freisthler, B., Needell, B., & Gruenewald, P. J. (2005). Is the physical availability of alcohol and illicit drugs related to neighborhood rates of childmaltreatment? Child Abuse & Neglect, 29, 1049–1060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goff, E. (2011). Exploring ‘near’: Characterizing the spatial extent of drinking place influence on crime. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 44, 156–175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman, J. (2008). Twenty-four hours insights into the flow of daily life from the American Time Use survey. Retrieved from: www.timeuseinstitute.org.
   Google Scholar
• Gorman, D. M., Zhu, L., & Horel, S. (2005). Drug ‘hot-spots’, alcohol availability and violence. Drug & Alcohol Review, 24, 507–513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffith, D. (Ed.). (2012, July). Cop slang. Police the law enforcement magazine. Deerfield, IL: Hendon Media Group.
   Google Scholar
• Gruenewald, P. J., & Remer, L. (2006). Changes in outlet densities affect violence rates. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 30, 1184–1193.10.1111/acer.2006.30.issue-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollis-Peel, M., Welsh, B. C., & Reynald, D. M. (2012). An international comparative study of guardianship in action: A cross-cultural examination of active guardianship in the Netherlands. Crime Law & Social Change, 58(1), 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollis-Peel, M. E., Reynald, D. M., van Bavel, M., Elffers, H., & Welsh, B. C. (2011). Guardianship for crime prevention: A critical review of the literature. Crime, Law and Social Change, 56, 53–70.
   Google Scholar
• Hunter, R. D., & Ray Jeffery, C. (1997). Preventing convenience store robbery through environmental design. In R. V. Clarke (Ed.), Situational crime prevention: Successful case studies (2nd ed., pp. 191–199). New York, NY: Harrow and Heston.
   Google Scholar
• Livingston, M. (2008). Alcohol outlet density and assault: A spatial analysis. Addiction, 103, 619–628.10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02136.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston, M. (2011). Alcohol outlet density and harm: Comparing the impacts on violence and chronic harms. Drug & Alcohol Review, 30, 515–523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald, J., & Lattimore, P. (2010). Count models in criminology. In A. Piquero & D. Weisburd (Eds.), Handbook of quantitative criminology (pp. 683–698). New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Madensen, T. D., & Eck, J. E. (2008). Violence in bars: Exploring the impact of place manager decision-making. Crime Prevention & Community Safety, 10, 111–125.
   Google Scholar
• Malcan, J. W. (1991). Violent crime & worker’s safety in Virginia convenience stores. Richmond: Department of Criminal Justice Services, Virginia Crime Prevention Center.
   Google Scholar
• Mazerolle, L. G., Kadleck, C., & Roehl, J. (1998). Controlling drug and disorder problems: The role of place managers. Criminology, 36, 371–404. 10.1111/crim.1998.36.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPheters, L. R., & Stronge, W. B. (1974). Crime as an environmental externality of tourism: Miami, Florida. Land Economics, 50, 288–291.10.2307/3145040
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messner, S. F., & Tardiff, K. (1985). The social ecology of urban homicide: An application of the “routine activities” approach. Criminology, 23, 241–267.10.1111/crim.1985.23.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran, P. A. P. (1950). Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena. Biometrika, 37, 17–23.10.1093/biomet/37.1-2.17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mustaine, E. E., & Tewksbury, R. (1998). Predicting risks of larceny theft victimization: A routine activity analysis using refined activity measures. Criminology, 36, 829–858.10.1111/crim.1998.36.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NACS. The U.S. convenience store industry. Retrieved from: http://www.nacsonline.com/NACSShow/About/ForTheMedia/Documents/FactSheet_ConvenienceStoreIndustry.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Newton, A., & Hirschfield, A. (2009). Measuring violence in and around licensed premises: The need for a better evidence base. Crime Prevention and Community Safety: An International Journal, 11, 171–188.10.1057/cpcs.2009.12
   Google Scholar
• Parker, R. & Auerhahn, K. (1998). Alcohol, drugs, and violence. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 291–311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, R. N., & Rebhun, L. A. (1995). Alcohol & homicide: A deadly combination of two American traditions. Albany: SUNY Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pizam, A. (1982). Tourism and crime: Is there a relationship? Journal of Travel Research, 20, 7–10.10.1177/004728758202000302
   Google Scholar
• Reid, R. J., Hughey, J., & Peterson, N. A. (2003). Generalizing the alcohol outlet–assaultive violence link: Evidence from a U.S. midwestern city. Substance Use & Misuse, 38, 1971–1982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynald, D. M. (2009). Guardianship in action: Developing a new tool for measurement. Crime Prevention and Community Safety: An International Journal, 11, 1–20.10.1057/cpcs.2008.19
   Google Scholar
• Reynald, D. M. (2011). Factors associated with the guardianship of places: Assessing the relative importance of the spatio-physical and sociodemographic contexts in generating opportunities for capable guardianship. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 48, 110–142.10.1177/0022427810384138
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roncek, D. W., & Pravatiner, M. A. (1989). Additional evidence that taverns enhance nearby crime. Sociology & Social Research, 73, 185–188.
   Google Scholar
• Rothman, R. A. (1978). Residents and transients: Community reaction to seasonal visitors. Journal of Travel Research, 16, 8–13.10.1177/004728757801600303
   Google Scholar
• Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277, 918–924.10.1126/science.277.5328.918
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scribner, R., Cohen, D., & Kaplan, S. (1999). Alcohol availability and homicide in New Orleans: Conceptual considerations for small area analysis of the effect of alcohol outlet density. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 60, 310–316.10.15288/jsa.1999.60.310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scribner, R. A., Theall, K. P., Mason, K., Simonsen, N., Schneider, S., Kessel, S., … DeJong, W. (2011). Alcohol prevention on college campuses: The moderating effect of the alcohol environment on the effectiveness of social norms marketing campaigns. Journal of Studies on Alcohol & Drugs, 72, 232–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman, L. W., Gartin, P. R., & Buerger, M. E. (1989). Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology, 27, 27–56.10.1111/crim.1989.27.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speer, P. W., Gorman, D. M., Labouvie, E. W., & Ontkush, M. J. (1998). Violent crime and alcohol availability: Relationships in an urban community. Journal of Public Health Policy, 19, 303–318.10.2307/3343538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walmsley, D., Boskovic, R., & Pigram, J. (1983). Tourism and crime: An Australian perspective. Journal of Leisure Research, 15, 136–155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welsh, B. C., & Farrington, D. P. (2009). Making public places safer. Surveillance and crime prevention. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar