The use of specialized cybercrime policing units: an organizational analysis

References

• Brenner, S. W. (2006). Cybercrime jurisdiction. Crime, Law and Social Change, 46, 189–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broadhurst, R. (2006). Developments in the global law enforcement of cyber-crime. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 29, 408–433. doi:10.1108/13639510610684674
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamard, S. (2006). The history of crime mapping and its use by American police departments. Alaska Justice Forum, 43 , 4–8.
   Google Scholar
• Crank, J. P. (1994). Watchman and community: Myth and institutionalization in policing. Law & Society Review, 28, 325–352.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crank, J. P. (2003). Institutional theory of police: A review of the state of the art. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 26, 186–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational innovation: A meta-analysis of effects of determinants and moderators. Academy of Management Journal, 34, 555–590. doi:10.2307/256406
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damanpour, F. (1996). Organizational complexity and innovation: Developing and testing multiple contingency models. Management Science, 42, 693–716. doi:10.1287/mnsc.42.5.693
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darroch, S., & Mazerolle, L. (2012). Intelligence-led policing: A comparative analysis of organizational factors influencing innovation uptake. Police Quarterly, 16, 3–37. doi:10.1177/1098611112467411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decker, S. H. (2007). Expand the use of police gang units. Criminology & Public Policy, 6, 729–733.
   Google Scholar
• DiMaggio, P., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48, 147–160.10.2307/2095101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson, L. (2001). The contingency theory of organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.10.4135/9781452229249
   Google Scholar
• Donaldson, L. (2006). The contingency theory of organizational design: Challenges and opportunities. In R. M. Burton, D. D. Håkonsson, B. Eriksen, & C. C. Snow (Eds.) Organization Design (pp. 19–40). Boston, MA:  Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Drew, J. M. (2011). Police responses to the methamphetamine problem: An analysis of the organizational and regulatory context. Police Quarterly, 14, 99–123. doi:10.1177/1098611111404017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engel, R. S., Calnon, J. M., & Bernard, T. J. (2002). Theory and racial profiling: Shortcomings and future directions in research. Justice Quarterly, 19, 249–273.10.1080/07418820200095231
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falcone, D. N., & Wells, L. E. (1995). The county sheriff as a distinctive policing modality. American Journal of Police, 14, 123–149. doi:10.1108/07358549510111983
   Google Scholar
• Falcone, D. N., Wells, L. E., & Weisheit, R. A. (2002). The small-town police department. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25, 371–384. doi:10.1108/13639510210429419.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giblin, M. J. (2006). Structural elaboration and institutional isomorphism: The case of crime analysis units. Policing: An international journal of police strategies & management, 29, 643–664.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman, M. D. (1997). Why the police don’t care about computer crime. Harvard Journal of Law & Technology, 10, 465–694.
   Google Scholar
• Goucher, W. (2010). Being a cybercrime victim. Computer Fraud & Security, 2010, 16–18.
   Google Scholar
• Gupta, P. P., Dirsmith, M. W., & Fogarty, T. J. (1994). Coordination and control in a government agency: Contingency and institutional theory perspectives on GAO audits. Administrative Science Quarterly, 264–284.10.2307/2393236
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helms, R., & Gutierrez, R. S. (2007). Federal subsidies and evidence of progressive change: A quantitative assessment of the effects of targeted grants on manpower and innovation in large U.S. police agencies. Police Quarterly, 10, 87–107. doi:10.1177/1098611106296480
   Google Scholar
• Higgins, G. E., & Makin, D. A. (2004). Self-control, deviant peers, and software piracy. Psychological Reports, 95, 921–931. doi:10.2466/pr0.95.3.921-931
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinduja, S. (2004). Perceptions of local and state law enforcement concerning the role of computer crime investigative teams. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 27, 341–357. doi:10.1108/13639510410553103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holt, T. J., Burruss, G. W., & Bossler, A. M. (2015). Policing cybercrime and cyberterror. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Joshi, P. (2015, October 16). Cyber-crime on the increase in the UK. International Business Times. Retrieved from http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/uk-cyber-crime-increase-1524219
   Google Scholar
• Kappeler, V. E., & Kraska, P. B. (2015). Normalising police militarisation, living in denial. Policing and Society, 25, 268–275. doi:10.1080/10439463.2013.864655.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katos, V., & Bednar, P. M. (2008). A cyber-crime investigation framework. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 30, 223–228. doi:10.1016/j.csi.2007.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz, C. M. (2001). The establishment of a police gang unit: An examination of organizational and environmental factors. Criminology, 39, 37–74. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2001.tb00916.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz, C. M., Maguire, E. R., & Roncek, D. W. (2002). The creation of specialized gang units: A macro-level analysis of contingency, social threat and resource dependency explanations. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25, 472–506. doi:10.1108/13639510210437005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz, C. M., & Webb, V. J. (2006). Policing gangs in America. New York, NY:  Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511616082
   Google Scholar
• Kraska, P. B. (2007). Militarization and policing – Its relevance to 21st century police. Policing, 1, 501–513. doi:10.1093/police/pam065
   Google Scholar
• Maguire, E. R. (2003). Organizational structure in American police agencies: Context, complexity, and control. Albany, NY:  SUNY Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marcum, C. D., Higgins, G. E., Freiburger, T. L., & Ricketts, M. L. (2010). Policing possession of child pornography online: Investigating the training and resources dedicated to the investigation of cyber crime. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 12, 516–525. doi:10.1350/ijps.2010.12.4.201
   Google Scholar
• Matusiak, M., Campbell, B., & King, W. (2014). The legacy of LEMAS: Effects on police scholarship of a federally administered, multi-wave establishment survey. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 37, 630–648. doi:10.1108/PIJPSM-12-2013-0117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83, 340–363. doi:10.1086/226550
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millie, A., & Herrington, V. (2005). Bridging the gap: Understanding reassurance policing. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 44, 41–56.10.1111/hojo.2005.44.issue-1
   Google Scholar
• Moon, B., McCluskey, J. D., & McCluskey, C. P. (2010). A general theory of crime and computer crime: An empirical test. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38, 767–772. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.05.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morabito, M. S. (2010). Understanding community policing as an innovation: Patterns of adoption. Crime & Delinquency, 56, 564–587. doi:10.1177/0011128707311643
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosher, C. J., Miethe, T. D., & Hart, T. C. (2010). The mismeasure of crime. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• O’Neill, S. (2014, April 26). Police clueless on web crime, says chief. The Times. Retrieved from http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/uk/crime/article4073529.ece
   Google Scholar
• Oliver, W. M. (2000). The third generation of community policing: Moving through innovation, diffusion, and institutionalization. Police Quarterly, 3, 367–388.10.1177/109861110000300402
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peachy, P. (2014, December 7). Police ‘failing to train key staff to fight growing threat of cyber crime.’ Independent. Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/police-failing-to-train-key-staff-to-fight-growing-threat-of-cyber-crime-9909334.html
   Google Scholar
• Police Executive Research Forum. (2014). The role of local law enforcement agencies in preventing and investigating cybercrime.. Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum.
   Google Scholar
• Rege-Patwardhan, A. (2009). Cybercrimes against critical infrastructures: A study of online criminal organization and techniques. Criminal Justice Studies, 22, 261–271. doi:10.1080/14786010903166965
   Google Scholar
• Reisig, M. D., & Correia, M. E. (1997). Public evaluations of police performance: An analysis across three levels of policing. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 20, 311–325. doi:10.1108/13639519710169153
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, A., Roberts, J. M., & Liedka, R. V. (2012). Elements of terrorism preparedness in local police agencies, 2003–2007: Impact of vulnerability, organizational characteristics, and contagion in the post-9/11 era. Crime & Delinquency, 58, 720–747. doi:10.1177/0011128712452960
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, W. R. (1987). The adolescence of institutional theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 493–511.10.2307/2392880
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senjo, S. R. (2004). An analysis of computer-related crime: Comparing police officer perceptions with empirical data. Security Journal, 17, 55–71. doi:10.1057/palgrave.sj.8340168
   Google Scholar
• Skogan, W. G. (2009). Concern about crime and confidence in the police reassurance or accountability? Police Quarterly, 12(3), 301–318. doi:10.1177/1098611109339893
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skogan, W. G., & Hartnett, S. M. (2005). The diffusion of information technology in policing. Police Practice and Research, 6, 401–417. doi:10.1080/15614260500432949
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, E. (2013, April 14). Local level police ill-equipped for cybercrimes, cyber threats. The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved from http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2013/apr/14/local-level-police-ill-equipped-for-cybercrimes/
   Google Scholar
• Tolbert, P. S., & Zucker, L. G. (1983). Institutional sources of change in the formal structure of organizations: The diffusion of civil service reform, 1880–1935. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28, 22–39. doi:10.2307/2392383
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall, D. (2007). Cybercrime: The transformation of crime in the information age. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wall, D. S. (2008). Cybercrime, media and insecurity: The shaping of public perceptions of cybercrime 1. International Review of Law Computers & Technology, 22(1–2), 45–63.
   Google Scholar
• Weisburd, D., & Lum, C. (2005). The diffusion of computerized crime mapping in policing: Linking research and practice. Police Practice and Research, 6, 419–434. doi:10.1080/15614260500433004
   Google Scholar
• Yesilyurt, H. (2011). The response of American police agencies to digital evidence ( Doctoral dissertation). University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., Ren, L., & Lovrich, N. (2010). Police organizational structures during the 1990s: An application of contingency theory. Police Quarterly, 13, 209–232.10.1177/1098611110365691
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar