Copper indium diselenide: crystallography and radiation-induced dislocation loops

References

• Repins , I , Contreras , M , Romero , M , Yan , Y , Metzger , W , Li , J , Johnston , S , Egass , B , DeHart , C , Scharf , J , McCandless , BE and Noufi , R . Characterization of 19.9% Efficient CIGS Absorbers, 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, 2008
   Google Scholar
• Powalla , M and Bonnet , D . 2007 . Adv. Optoelectron; , DOI: 10.1155/2007/97545
   Google Scholar
• Lee , H-S , Okada , H , Wakahara , A and Yoshida , A . 2003 . J. Appl. Phys. , 94 : 276
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess , RM , Chen , WS , Devaney , WE , Doyle , DH , Kim , NP and Stanbery , BJ . Proceedings of the 20th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference 1988, p.909
   Google Scholar
• Okada , H , Lee , HS , Wakahara , A , Yoshida , A , Ohshima , T and Kamiya , T . 2006 . Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cell , 90 : 93
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polity , A , Krause-Rehberg , R , Staab , TEM , Puska , MJ , Klais , J , Möller , HJ and Meyer , BK . 1998 . J. Appl. Phys. , 83 : 71
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazmerski , LL , Burnham , NA , Swartzlander , AB , Nelson , AJ and Asher , SE . Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference 1987, p.1315
   Google Scholar
• Jasenek , A and Rau , U . 2001 . J. Appl. Phys. , 90 : 650
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jasenek , A , Boden , A , Weinert , K , Balboul , MR , Schock , HW and Rau , U . 2001 . Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. , 668 : H3.2.1
   Google Scholar
• Jasenek , A , Rau , U , Hahn , T , Hanna , G , Schmidt , M , Hartmann , M , Schock , HW , Werner , JH , Schattat , B , Kraft , S , Schmid , K-H and Bolse , W . 2000 . Appl. Phys. A Solids Surf. , 70 : 677
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jasenek , A , Rau , U , Weinert , K , Schock , HW and Werner , JH . 2003 . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 82 : 1410
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanbery , BJ , Avery , JE , Burgess , RM , Chen , WS , Devaney , WE , Doyle , DH and Mickelsen , RA . R.W. McClelland, B.D. King, R.P. Gale and J.C.C. Fan, in Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 1987, p.280
   Google Scholar
• Gay , CF , Potter , RR and Tanner , D . Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference 1984, p.151
   Google Scholar
• Hisamatsu , T , Aburaya , T and Matsuda , S . Proceedings of the 2nd World Conference and Exhibition on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion 1998, p.3568
   Google Scholar
• Lee , H-S , Okada , H , Wakahara , A , Ohshima , T , Itoh , H , Kawakita , S , Imaizumi , M , Matsuda , S and Yoshida , A . 2003 . J. Phys. Chem. Solids , 64 : 1887
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka , T , Yamaguchi , TH , Wakahara , A , Yoshida , A , Taniguchi , R , Matsuda , Y and Fujishiro , M . 2003 . Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cell , 75 : 115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullan , CA , Kiely , CJ , Yakushev , M , Imanieh , M , Tomlinson , RD and Rockett , A . 1993 . Microsc. Semicond. Mater. Conf. , 134 : 547
   Google Scholar
• Otte , K , Lippold , G , Neumann , H and Schindler , A . 2003 . J. Phys. Chem. Solids , 64 : 1641
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yakushev , MV , Jones , PA , Neumann , H , Stephens , GA and Tomlinson , RD . 1994 . Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B , 84 : 405
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yakushev , MV , Lippold , G , Hill , AE , Pilkington , RD and Tomlinson , RD . 1996 . Cryst. Res. Tech. , S31 : 357
   Google Scholar
• Tomlinson , RD , Hill , AE , Stephens , GA , Imanieh , M , Jones , PA , Pilkington , RD , Rimmer , P , Yakushev , MV and Neumann , H . Proceedings of the 11th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference Montreux, Switzerland, 1992, p.791
   Google Scholar
• Lee , H-S , Okada , H , Wakahara , A , Yoshida , A , Ohshima , T , Itoh , H , Kawakita , S , Imaizumi , M and Matsuda , S . 2003 . Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cell , 75 : 57
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akaki , Y , Ohryoji , N , Fukuyama , A , Yoshino , K , Kawakita , S , Imaizumi , M , Niki , S , Sakurai , K , Ishizuka , S , Ohshima , T and Ikari , T . 2005 . Thin Solid Films , 480/481 : 250
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akaki , Y , Ohryoji , N , Yoshino , K , Kawakita , S , Imaizumi , M , Shigeru , N , Sakurai , K , Ishizuka , S , Ohshima , T and Ikari , T . 2004 . Solid-State Electron. , 48 : 1815
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akaki , Y , Yoshino , K , Ikari , T , Kawakita , S and Imaizumi , M . 2004 . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 85 : 1347
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawakita , S , Imaizumi , M , Yamaguchi , M , Kushiya , K , Ohshima , T , Itoh , H and Matsuda , S . 2002 . Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. , 41 : L797
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dursch , H , Chen , W and Russell , D . in Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology Conference, 1985, p.165
   Google Scholar
• Mickelsen , RA , Chen , WS , Stanbery , BJ , Dursch , H , Stewart , JM , Hsiao , YR and Devaney , W . Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference 1985, p.1069
   Google Scholar
• Schock , HW and Bogus , K . Proceedings of the 2nd World Conference and Exhibition on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion Vienna, Austria, 1998, p.3586
   Google Scholar
• Scheel , H , Frank , G and Strunk , HP . 2005 . Phys. Status Solidi A , 202 : 2336
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinert , K , Jasenek , A and Rau , U . 2003 . Thin Solid Films , 431/432 : 453
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan , Y , Jones , KM , Noufi , R and Al-Jassim , MM . 2007 . Thin Solid Films , 515 : 4681
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jasenek , A , Rau , U , Weinert , K , Kötschau , IM , Hanna , G , Voorwinden , G , Powalla , M , Schock , HW and Werner , JH . 2001 . Thin Solid Films , 387 : 228
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao , A , Krishnan , S , Sanjeev , G , Siddappa , K , Ullal , HS and Wu , X . 2009 . Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cell , 93 : 1618
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rau , U , Jasenek , A , Schock , HW , Werner , JH , Roche , GLa , Robben , A and Bogus , K . Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference 2000, p.1032
   Google Scholar
• Burgess , RM , Devaney , WE and Chen , WS . Proceedings of the 24th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference 1993, p.1465
   Google Scholar
• Curtis , H and Marvin , D . Proceedings of the 25th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference 1996, p.195
   Google Scholar
• Guidice , DA , Ray , KP , Curtis , HB and Ferguson , DC . Proceedings of the 31st Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference 1996, p.7
   Google Scholar
• Guidice , DA , Severance , PS and Reinhardt , KC . Proceedings of the 11th Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology Conference 1991, p.33
   Google Scholar
• Imaizumi , M , Sumita , T , Kawakita , S , Anzawa , O and Matsuda , S . Proceedings of the 18th Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology Conference 2005, p.24
   Google Scholar
• Imaizumi , M , Sumita , T , Kawakita , S , Aoyama , K , Anzawa , O , Aburaya , T , Hisamatsu , T and Matsuda , S . 2005 . Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. , 13 : 93
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roche , GLa , Hoesselbarth , B and Bogus , K . Proceedings of the 16th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference 2000, p.945
   Google Scholar
• Severns , JG , Hobbs , RM , Elliott , NP , Towsley , RH , Conway , RW and Virshup , GF . Proceedings of the 20th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference 1988, p.801
   Google Scholar
• Lippold , G , Otte , K , Schlemm , H and Grill , W . 1998 . Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. , 513 : 269
   Google Scholar
• Mullan , CA , Kiely , CJ , Rockett , A , Imanieh , M , Yakushev , MV and Tomlinson , RD . 1992 . Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. , 262 : 1097
   Google Scholar
• Mullan , CA , Kiely , CJ , Yakushev , MV , Imanieh , M , Tomlinson , RD and Rockett , A . 1996 . Phil. Mag. A , 73 : 1131
   Google Scholar
• Otte , K , Lippold , G , Hirsch , D , Schindler , A and Bigl , F . 2000 . Thin Solid Films , 361/362 : 498
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fink , D , Krauser , J , Lippold , G , Yakushev , MV , Tomlinson , RD , Weidinger , A , Dwivedi , KK , Ghosh , S and Chung , WH . 1998 . Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids , 145 : 85
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomlinson , RD , Hill , AE , Imanieh , M , Pilkington , RD , Roodbarmohammadi , A , Slifkin , MA and Yakushev , MV . 1991 . J. Electron. Mater. , 20 : 659
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowther , VP , Imanieh , M , Stephens , GA and Tomlinson , RD . 1992 . Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B , 67 : 428
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otte , K , Lippold , G , Frost , F , Schindler , A , Bigl , F , Yakushev , MV and Tomlinson , RD . 1999 . J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A , 17 : 19
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishitani , M , Negami , T , Kohiki , S , Terauchi , M , Wada , H and Hirao , T . 1993 . J. Appl. Phys. , 74 : 2067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka , T , Wakahara , A , Yoshida , A , Ohshima , T , Itoh , H and Okada , S . 2000 . J. Appl. Phys. , 87 : 3283
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohiki , S , Mikihiko , N , Negami , T and Wada , H . 1993 . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 62 : 1656
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohiki , S , Nishitani , M , Negami , T and Wada , T . 1993 . Thin Solid Films , 226 : 149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka , T , Yamaguchi , T , Ohshima , T , Itoh , H , Wakahara , A and Yoshida , A . 2003 . Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cell , 75 : 109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu , PW , Park , YS and Grant , JT . 1976 . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 28 : 214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massopust , TP , Ireland , PJ , Kazmerski , LL and Bachmann , KJ . 1984 . J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A , 2 : 1123
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corvini , P , Kahn , A and Wagner , G . 1985 . J. Appl. Phys. , 57 : 2967
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn , A , Corvini , P , Wagner , S and Bachmann , KJ . 1986 . Solar Cells , 16 : 123
   Google Scholar
• Weinert , K , Lippold , M , Yakushev , MV , Tomlinson , RD , Klenk , R and Nadenau , V . Proceedings of the 2nd World Conference and Exhibition on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion 1998, p.3679
   Google Scholar
• Yu , PW , Grant , JT , Park , YS and Haas , TW . 1977 . J. Appl. Phys. , 48 : 67
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu , PW , Park , YS , Faile , SP and Ehret , JE . 1975 . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 26 : 717
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippold , G , Yakushev , MV , Tomlinson , RD , Hill , AE and Grill , W . 1996 . Cryst. Res. Tech. , S31 : 381
   Google Scholar
• Kiely , CJ , Pond , RC , Kenshole , G and Rockett , A . 1991 . Phil. Mag. A , 63 : 1249
   Google Scholar
• Schön , JH , Albert , J and Bucher , E . 1997 . Thin Solid Films , 301 : 115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tseng , B-H , Rockett , A , Lommasson , T , Yang , LC , Wert , CA and Thornton , JA . 1990 . J. Appl. Phys. , 67 : 2637
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiwari , AN , Krejci , M , Haug , F-J and Zogg , H . 2000 . Thin Solid Films , 361/362 : 41
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao , HZ , Yang , L-C and Rockett , A . 1994 . J. Appl. Phys. , 76 : 1503
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bode , MH , Al-Jassim , MM , Tuttle , J and Albin , D . 1993 . Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. , 283 : 927
   Google Scholar
• Donnelly , SE , Hinks , JA , Edmondson , PD , Pilkington , RD , Yakushev , M and Birtcher , RC . 2006 . Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B , 242 : 686
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bridgman , PW . 1925 . Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. , 60 : 315
   Google Scholar
• Allen , CW . 1994 . Ultramicroscopy , 56 : 200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen , CW , Funk , LL and Ryan , EA . 1996 . Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. , 396 : 641
   Google Scholar
• Birtcher , RC , Kirk , MA , Furuya , K , Lumpkin , GR and Ruault , MO . 2005 . J. Mater. Res. , 20 : 1654
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stadelmann , PA . 1987 . Ultramicroscopy , 21 : 131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stadelmann , P . Electron Microscopy Software Java Version (JEMS) v2.0105W2005, 2005
   Google Scholar
• Edington , JW . Practical Electron Microscopy In Materials Science, N.V. Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken, Eindhoven, 1976
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins , ML and Kirk , MA . 2001 . Characterization of Radiation Damage by Transmission Electron Microscopy , London : Institute of Physics .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , DB and Carter , CB . 1996 . Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Textbook for Materials Science , New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Parkes , J , Tomlinson , RD and Hampshire , MJ . 1973 . J. Cryst. Growth , 20 : 315
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahen , D , Gilet , J-M , Schmitz , C , Chernyak , L , Gartsman , K and Jakubowicz , A . 1992 . Science , 258 : 271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shih , I , Champness , CH and Vahid Shahidi , A . 1986 . Solar Cells , 16 : 27
   Google Scholar
• Lubomirsky , I , Rabinal , MK and Cahen , D . 1997 . J. Appl. Phys. , 81 : 6684
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chernyak , L , Gartsman , K , Cahen , D and Stafsudd , OM . 1995 . J. Phys. Chem. Solids , 56 : 1165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soltz , D , Dagan , G and Cahen , D . 1988 . Solid State Ionics , 28/30 : 1105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleinfeld , M and Wiemhöfer , HD . 1988 . Solid State Ionics , 28/30 : 1111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagan , G , Abou-Elfotouh , F , Dunlavy , DJ , Matson , RJ and Cahen , D . 1990 . Chem. Mater. , 2 : 286
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagan , G , Ciszek , TF and Cahen , D . 1992 . J. Phys. Chem. , 96 : 11009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahen , D , Chernyak , L , Dagan , G and Jakubowicz , A . 1993 . “ Ion mobility in chalcogenide semiconductors; room temperature creation of bipolar junction transistor ” . In Fast Ion Transport in Solids , Edited by: Vashishta , P , Mundy , JN and Shenoy , GK . 121 Amsterdam : North-Holland .
   Google Scholar
• Tell , B and Bridenbaugh , PM . 1977 . J. Appl. Phys. , 48 : 2477
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gartsman , K , Chernyak , L , Lyahovitskaya , V , Cahen , D , Didik , V , Kozlovsky , V , Malkovich , R , Skoryatina , E and Usacheva , V . 1997 . J. Appl. Phys. , 82 : 4282
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenshole , GE , Li , CJ , Toro , CR and Loferski , JJ . Proceedings of the 5th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference 1983, p.65
   Google Scholar
• Stallworth , PE , Guillemoles , J-F , Flowers , J , Vedel , J and Greenbaum , SG . 2000 . Solid State Commun. , 113 : 527
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar , AP and Reddy , KV . 1997 . Semicond. Sci. Tech. , 12 : 966
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubomirsky , I , Gartsman , K and Cahen , D . 1998 . J. Appl. Phys. , 83 : 4678
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasan , SMF , Quadir , L , Begum , KS , Subhan , MA and Mannan , KM . 1999 . Vacuum , 55 : 17
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates , JCW , Nelson , KF , Atiq Raza , S , Mooney , JB , Recktenwald , JM , Macintosh , L and Lamoreaux , R . 1982 . Thin Solid Films , 88 : 279
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virtuani , A , Lotter , E , Powalla , M , Rau , U , Werner , JH and Acciarri , M . 2006 . J. Appl. Phys. , 99 : 014906
   Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi , T , Matsufusa , J and Yoshida , A . 1992 . Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cell , 27 : 25
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niemi , E and Stolt , L . 1990 . Surf. Interface Anal. , 15 : 422
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marudachalam , M , Birkmire , RW , Hichri , H , Schultz , JM , Swartzlander , A and Al-Jassim , MM . 1997 . J. Appl. Phys. , 82 : 2896
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marudachalam , M , Hichri , H , Birkmire , RW and Schultz , JM . Proceedings of the 25th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference 1996, p.805
   Google Scholar
• Djessas , K , Yapi , S , Massé , G , Ibannain , M and Gauffier , JL . 2004 . J. Appl. Phys. , 95 : 4111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar , AP and Reddy , KV . 1997 . Thin Solid Films , 304 : 365
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Champness , CH and Ahmad , GI . 2000 . Thin Solid Films , 361/362 : 482
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Champness , CH and Ahmed , GI . 2000 . J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A , 18 : 693
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Bardeleben , HJ . 1984 . J. Appl. Phys. , 56 : 321
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker , KD and Wagner , S . 1983 . Phys. Rev. B , 27 : 5240
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medvedkin , GA , Sobolev , MM and Solovjev , SA . 1997 . J. Appl. Phys. , 82 : 5167
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nádaždy , V , Yakushev , MV , Djebbar , EH , Hill , AE and Tomlinson , RD . 1996 . J. Appl. Phys. , 84 : 4322
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rockett , A . Fundamental Studies of the Effect of Crystal Defects on CuInSe2/CdS Heterojunction Behavior. Final Report 28 June 1993–30 June 1998, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1999
   Google Scholar
• Schroeder , DJ , Berry , GD and Rockett , AA . 1996 . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 69 : 4068
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundberg , O , Lu , J , Rockett , A , Edoff , M and Stolt , L . 2003 . J. Phys. Chem. Solids , 64 : 1499
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner , S . 1983 . Proc. Electrochem. Soc. , 83 : 410
   Google Scholar
• Wei , S-H and Zhang , SB . 2005 . J. Phys. Chem. Solids , 66 : 1994
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei , S-H , Zhang , SB and Zunger , A . Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Ternary Multinary Compounds 1997, p.765
   Google Scholar
• Wei , S-H , Zhang , SB and Zunger , A . 1998 . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 72 : 3199
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , SB , Wei , S-H and Zunger , A . 1997 . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 78 : 4059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , SB , Wei , S-H , Zunger , A and Katayama-Yoshida , H . 1998 . Phys. Rev. B , 57 : 9642
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zunger , A , Zhang , SB and Wei , S-H . Proceedings of the 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference 1997, p.313
   Google Scholar
• Klais , J , Möller , HJ and Cahen , D . 2000 . Thin Solid Films , 361/362 : 446
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang , HH , Ueng , HY and Hwang , HL . 2003 . Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. , 6 : 401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang , H-H , Ueng , HY and Hwang , HL . 2003 . J. Phys. Chem. Solids , 64 : 2047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abou-Elfotouh , F , Dunlavy , DJ and Coutts , TJ . 1989 . Solar Cells , 27 : 237
   Google Scholar
• Domain , C , Laribi , S , Taunier , S and Guillemoles , JF . 2003 . J. Phys. Chem. Solids , 64 : 1657
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillemoles , J-F . 2000 . Thin Solid Films , 361–362 : 338
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Neumann, I-III-VI 2 -Halbleiter 2, in Verbindungshalbeiter K. Unger and H.G. Schneider, eds., Akad. Verlagsges., Leipzig, 1986, p.392.
   Google Scholar
• Rincón , C , Bellabarba , C , González , J and Sánchez Pérez , G . 1986 . Solar Cells , 16 : 335
   Google Scholar
• Möller , HJ . 1991 . Solar Cells , 31 : 77
   Google Scholar