Microstructure evolution of 316L stainless steel during solid-state additive friction stir deposition

References

• D. Zhang, D. Qiu, M.A. Gibson, Y. Zheng, H.L. Fraser, D.H. St John and M.A. Easton, Additive manufacturing of ultrafine-grained high-strength titanium alloys. Nature 576 (2019), pp. 91–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.J. Todaro, M.A. Easton, D. Qiu, M. Brandt, D.H. St John and M. Qian, Grain refinement of stainless steel in ultrasound-assisted additive manufacturing. Add. Manuf. 37 (2021), pp. 101632.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Yin, J. Cizek, X. Yan and R. Lupoi, Annealing strategies for enhancing mechanical properties of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel deposited by cold spray. Surf. Coat. Technol. 370 (2019), pp. 353–361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Han, C.-H. Kuo, N. Sridharan, L.M. Headings, S.S. Babub and M.J. Dapino, Effect of preheat temperature and post-process treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel 410 made via ultrasonic additive manufacturing. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 769 (2020), pp. 138457.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.Z. Yu, M.E. Jones, G.W. Brady, R.J. Griffiths, D. Garcia, H.A. Rauch, C.D. Cox and N. Hardwick, Scr. Mater. 153 (2018), pp. 122–123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MELD manufacturing, https://www.meldmanufacturing.com.
   Google Scholar
• R.J. Griffiths, D. Garcia, J. Song, V.K. Vasudevan, M.A. Steiner, W. Cai and H.Z. Yu, Solid-state additive manufacturing of aluminum and copper using additive friction stir deposition: Process-microstructure linkages. Materialia 15 (2021), pp. 100967.
   Google Scholar
• O.G. Rivera, P.G. Alison, J.B. Jordon, O.L. Rodriguez, L.N. Brewer, Z. McClelland, W.R. Wittington, D. Francis, J. Su, R.L. Martens and N. Hardwick, Microstructures and mechanical behavior of Inconel 625 fabricated by solid-state additive manufacturing. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 694 (2017), pp. 1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.S. Rohrer, D.M. Saylor, B.E. Dasher, B.L. Adams, A.D. Rollett and P. Wynblatt, The distribution of internal interfaces in polycrystals. Zeitschrift für Metallkunde 95 (2004), pp. 197–214.
   Google Scholar
• B. Beausir and J.J. Fundenberger. Analysis tools for electron and x-ray diffraction, 2000; ATEX software available at www.Atex-Software.Eu.
   Google Scholar
• S. Poulat, B. Decamps and L. Priester, Weak-beam transmission electron microscopy study of dislocation accommodation processes in nickel Σ3 grain boundaries. Philos. Mag. A 77 (1998), pp. 1381–1397.
   Google Scholar
• R.E. Schramm and R.P. Reed, Stacking fault energies of seven commercial austenitic stainless steels. Metall. Trans. A 6 (1975), pp. 1345–1351.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Beladi, I.B. Timokhina, Y. Estrin, J. Kim, B.C. De Cooman and S.K. Kim, Orientation dependence of twinning and strain hardening behaviour of a high manganese twinning induced plasticity steel with polycrystalline structure. Acta Mater. 59 (2011), pp. 7787–7799.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Chen, B. Lv, X. Feng, F. Zhang and H. Beladi, Strain hardening and nanocrystallization behaviors in Hadfield steel subjected to surface severe plastic deformation. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 729 (2018), pp. 178–184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Beladi, P. Cizek and P.D. Hodgson, On the characteristics of substructure development during dynamic recrystallization. Acta Mater. 58 (2010), pp. 3531–3541.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L.S. Toth, P. Gilormini and J.J. Jonas, Effect of rate sensitivity on the stability of torsion textures. Acta Metall. 36 (1988), pp. 3077–3091.
   Google Scholar
• R.W. Fonda and K.E. Knipling, Texture development in friction stir welds. Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. 16 (2011), pp. 288–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.P. Zhilyaev and T.G. Langdon, Using high-pressure torsion for metal processing: fundamentals and applications. Prog. Mater. Sci. 53 (2008), pp. 893–979.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Pettersen and E. Nes, On the origin of strain softening during deformation of aluminum in torsion to large strains. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 34A(12) (2003), pp. 2727–2736.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F.C. Liu and T.W. Nelson, In-situ grain structure and texture evolution during friction stir welding of austenite stainless steel. Mater. Des. 115 (2017), pp. 467–478.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Miyano, H. Fujii, Y. Sun, Y. Katada, S. Kuroda and O. Kamiya, Mechanical properties of friction stir butt welds of high nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 528 (2011), pp. 2917–2921.
   Google Scholar
• N. Kumar, M. Komarasamy, P. Nelaturu, Z. Tang, P.K. Liaw and R.S. Mishra, Friction stir processing of high entropy alloy Al0.1CoCrFeNi. JOM 67 (2015), pp. 1007–1013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F.J. Humphreys and M. Hatherly, Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena, in F.J. Humphreys, M. Hatherly, eds., Elsevier, Oxford, 2004. pp. 67–89.
   Google Scholar
• D.-W. Suh, T. Inoue, S. Torizuka, A. Ohmori and K. Nagai, Serration of grain boundary in Ni-30Fe alloy through high temperature deformation. ISIJ Int. 42 (2002), pp. 1026–1032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Huang and Z. Xu, Evolution mechanism of grain refinement based on dynamic recrystallization in multiaxially forged austenite. Mater. Lett. 60 (2006), pp. 1854–1858.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Tikhonova, R. Kaibyshev and A. Belyakov, Microstructure and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steels after dynamic and post-dynamic recrystallization treatment. Adv. Eng. Mater. 20 (2018), pp. 1700960.
   Google Scholar
• H. Beladi, N.T. Nuhfer and G.S. Rohrer, The five parameter grain boundary character and energy distributions in a fully austenitic high manganese steel using three dimensional data. Acta Mater. 70 (2014), pp. 281–289.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Li, S.J. Dillon and G.S. Rohrer, Relative grain boundary area and energy distributions in nickel. Acta Mater. 57 (2009), pp. 4304–4311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Watanabe, Toughening of brittle materials by grain boundary design and control. Mater. Sci. Forum 126-128 (1993), pp. 295–304.
   Google Scholar
• H. Beladi and G.S. Rohrer, The role of thermomechanical routes on the distribution of grain boundary and interface plane orientations in transformed microstructures. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 48 (2017), pp. 2781–2790.
   Google Scholar
• V. Randle, Mechanism of twinning-induced grain boundary engineering in low stacking-fault energy materials. Acta Mater. 47 (1999), pp. 4187–4196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar