Prophylaxis for aspergillosis in patients with haematological malignancies: pros and cons

References

• Goodman JL, Winston DJ, Greenfield RA, et al. A controlled trial of fluconazole to prevent fungal infections in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:845–851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slavin MA, Osborne B, Adams R, et al. Efficacy and safety of fluconazole prophylaxis for fungal infections after marrow transplantation—a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. J Infect Dis. 1995;171:1545–1552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornely OA, Leguay T, Maertens J, et al. Randomized comparison of liposomal amphotericin B versus placebo to prevent invasive mycoses in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017 Aug 1;72(8):2359–2367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winston DJ, Maziarz RT, Chandrasekar PH, et al. Intravenous and oral itraconazole versus intravenous and oral fluconazole for long-term antifungal prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients. Multicenter, Randomized Trial Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:705–713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marr KA, Crippa F, Leisenring W, et al. Itraconazole versus fluconazole for prevention of fungal infections in patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplants. Blood. 2004;103:1527–1533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wingard JR, Carter SL, Walsh TJ, et al. Randomized double-blind trial of fluconazole versus voriconazole for prevention of invasive fungal infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood. 2010;116:5111–5118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks DI, Pagliuca A, Kibbler CC, et al. Voriconazole versus itraconazole for antifungal prophylaxis following allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Br J Haematol. 2011;155:318–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornely OA, Maertens J, Winston DJ, et al. Posaconazole vs. fluconazole or itraconazole prophylaxis in patients with neutropenia. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:348–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Burik JA, Ratanatharathorn V, Stepan DE, et al. National institute of allergy and infectious diseases mycoses study group. micafungin versus fluconazole for prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections during neutropenia in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:1407–1416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellinghoff SC, Panse J, Alakel N, et al. Primary prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in patients with haematological malignancies: 2017 update of the recommendations of the infectious diseases working party (AGIHO) of the German society for haematology and medical oncology (DGHO). Ann Hematol. 2018;97:197–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girmenia C, Barosi G, Piciocchi A, et al. Primary prophylaxis of invasive fungal diseases in allogeneic stem cell transplantation: revised recommendations from a consensus process by gruppo italiano trapianto midollo osseo (GITMO). Biol Blood Marrow Transpl. 2014;20:1080–1088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maertens J, Marchetti O, Herbrecht R, et al. European guidelines for antifungal management in leukemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: summary of the ECIL 3—2009 Update. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2010;1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson TF, Thompson GR, Denning DW, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aspergillosis: 2016 update by the infectious diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Aug 15;63(4):e1–e60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verveij PE, Mellado E, Melchers WJ, et al. Multiple-triazole-resistant aspergillosis. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1481–1483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagano L, Busca A, Candoni A, et al. Risk stratification for invasive fungal infections in patients with hematological malignancies: SEIFEM recommendations. Blood Rev. 2017;31:17–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nosari AM, Caira M, Pioltelli ML, et al. Hema e-chart registry of invasive fungal infections in haematological patients: improved outcome in recent years in mould infections. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19:757–762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagano L, Caira M, Candoni A, et al. The epidemiology of fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies: the SEIFEM-2004 study. Haematologica. 2006;91:1068–1075.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koehler P, Hamprecht A, Bader O, et al. Epidemiology of invasive aspergillosis and azole resistance in patients with acute leukaemia: the SEPIA Study. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2017;49:218–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merkel D, Filanovsky K, Gafter-Gvili A, et al. Predicting infections in high-risk patients with myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia treated with azacitidine: a retrospective multicenter study. Am J Hematol. 2013;88:130‐134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falantes JF, Calderon C, Marquez-Malaver FJ, et al. Patterns of infection in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia receiving azacitidine as salvage therapy. implications for primary antifungal prophylaxis. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2014;14:80‐86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trubiano JA, Dickinson M, Thursky KA, et al. Incidence, etiology and timing of infections following azacitidine therapy for myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Lymphoma. 2017;58:2379–2386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomares H, Arnan M, Sanchez-Ortega I, et al. Invasive fungal infections in AML/MDS patients treated with azacitidine: a risk worth considering antifungal prophylaxis? Mycoses. 2016;59:516‐519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daver N, Kontoyiannis DP. Checkpoint inhibitors and aspergillosis in AML: the double hit hypothesis. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:1571–1573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lortholary O, Gangneux J-P, Sitbon K, et al. Epidemiological trends in invasive aspergillosis in France: the SAIF network (2005-2007). Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011;17:1882–1889.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tisi MC, Hohaus S, Cuccaro A, et al. Invasive fungal infections in lymphoproliferative disorders: a monocentric retrospective study. Hmeatologica. 2017;102–110.
   Google Scholar
• Teng JC, Slavin MA, Teh BW, et al. Epidemiology of invasive fungal disease in lymphoproliferative disorders. Haematologica. 2015;100:e462–e466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lionakis MS, Dunleavy K, Roschewski M, et al. Inhibition of B cell receptor signaling by ibrutinib in primary CNS lymphoma. Cancer Cell. 2017;31:833–843.e5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruchlemer R, Ben Ami R, Lachish T. Ibrutinib for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:1593–1594.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Figuera Castro CE. Cutaneous mucormycosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a pharmacological dilemma. J Invest Med. 2016;64:956–957.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron M, Zini JM, Belval TC, et al. Fungal infections in patients treated with ibrutinib: two unusual cases of invasive aspergillosis and cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Leuk Lymph. 2017;58:2981–2982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahn IE, Jerussi T, Farooqui M, et al. Atypical Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in previously untreated patients with CLL on single-agent ibrutinib. Blood. 2016;128:1940–1943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuda T, Boeckh M, Carter RA, et al. Risks and outcomes of invasive fungal infections in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants after nonmyeloablative conditioning. Blood. 2003;102:827–833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marr KA, Carter RA, Boeckh M, et al. Invasive aspergillosis in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients; changes in epidemiology and risk factors. Blood. 2002;100:4358–4366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powles R, Mehta J, Kulkami S, et al. Allogeneic blood and bone-marrow stem-cell transplantation in haematological malignant diseases: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2000;355:1231–1237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grow WB, Moreb JS, Rogue D, et al. Late onset of invasive Aspergillus infection in bone marrow transplant patients at a university hospital. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2002;29:15–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bensinger WI. Blood or marrow? Lancet. 2000;355:1199–1200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girmenia C, Raiola AM, Piciocchi A, et al. Incidence and outcome of invasive fungal diseases after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a prospective study of the Gruppo Italiano Trapianto Midollo Osseo (GITMO). Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2014;20:872–880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y, Meng F, Han M. Epidemiology, management, and outcome of invasive fungal disease in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in china: a multicenter prospective observational study. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2015;21:1117–1126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuster MG, Cleveland AA, Dubberke ER, et al. Infections in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients: results From the Organ Transplant Infection Project, a Multicenter, Prospective, Cohort Study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017;1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glasmacher A, Prentice A, Gorschlu¨Ter M, et al. Itraconazole prevents invasive fungal infections in neutropenic patients treated for hematologic malignancies: evidence from a meta-analysis of 3,597 patients. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:4615–4626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ananda-Rajah MR, Grigg A, Downey MT, et al. Comparative clinical effectiveness of prophylactic voriconazole/posaconazole to fluconazole/itraconazole in patients with acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy over a 12-year period. Haematologica. 2012;97:459–463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattiuzzi GN, Cortes J, Alvarado G, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenous voriconazole and intravenous itraconazole for antifungal prophylaxis in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. Supp Care Cancer. 2009;19:19–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vehreschild JJ, Bohme A, Buchheidt D, et al. A double-blind trial on prophylactic voriconazole (VRC) or placebo during induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). J Infect. 2007;55:445–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullmann AJ, Lipton JH, Vesole DH, et al. Posaconazole or fluconazole for prophylaxis in severe graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med. 2007 Jan 25;356(4):335–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winston DJ, Bartoni K, Territo MC, et al. Efficacy, safety, and breakthrough infections associated with standard long-term posaconazole antifungal prophylaxis in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2011;17:507–515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C-H, Kan L-P, Lin H-A, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of primary antifungal prophylaxis with posaconazole versus fluconazole in allogeneic blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipientsdA retrospective analysis of a single medical center in Taiwan. J Microbio, Immunol Infect. 2014;1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaftari AM, Hachem RY, Ramos E, et al. Comparison of posaconazole versus weekly amphotericin B lipid complex for the prevention of invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Transplantation. 2012;94:302–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vehreschild JJ, Ruping MJGT, Wisplinghoff H, et al. Clinical effectiveness of posaconazole prophylaxis in patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML): a 6 year experience of the Cologne AML cohort. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65:1466–1471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girmenia C, Frustaci AM, Gentile G, et al. Posaconazole prophylaxis during front-line chemotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia: a single center real life experience. Haematologica. 2012;97:560–567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busca A, Candoni A, Audisio E, et al. Long-lasting protective effect of posaconazole prophylaxis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2016;22:2214–2219.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lipp H-P. Posaconazole: clinical pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. Mycoses. 2011;54(Suppl 1):32–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornely OA, Böhme A, Schmitt-Hoffmann A, et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of isavuconazole as antifungal prophylaxis in acute myeloid leukemia patients with neutropenia: results of a phase 2, dose escalation study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59:2078–2085.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattiuzzi GN, Alvarado G, Giles FJ, et al. Open-Label, randomized comparison of itraconazole versus caspofungin for prophylaxis in patients with hematologic malignancies. Antimic Agents Chemother. 2006;50:143–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattaneo C, Monte S, Algarotti A, et al. A randomized comparison of caspofungin versus antifungal prophylaxis according to investigator policy in acute leukaemia patients undergoing induction chemotherapy (PROFIL-C study). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66:2140–2145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashino S, Morita L, Takahata M, et al. Administration of micafungin as prophylactic antifungal therapy in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Int J Hematol. 2008;87:91–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang X, Chen H, Han M, et al. Multicenter, randomized, open-label study comparing the efficacy and safety of micafungin versus itraconazole for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2012;18:1509–1516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Cheikh J, Venton G, Crocchiolo R, et al. Efficacy and safety of micafungin for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in patients undergoing haplo-identical hematopoietic SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013;1–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chou LS, Lewis RE, Ippoliti C, et al. Caspofungin as primary antifungal prophylaxis in stem cell transplant recipients. Pharmacotherapy. 2007;27:1644–1650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nachbaur D, Angelova O, Orth-Holler D, et al. Primary antifungal prophylaxis with micafungin in patients with haematological malignancies: real-life data from a retrospective single-centre observational study. Eur J Hematol. 2015;94:258–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langebrake C, Rohde H, Lellek H, et al. Micafungin as antifungal prophylaxis in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: results of different dosage levels in clinical practice. Clin Transplant. 2014;28:286–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta P, Vinks A, Filipovich A, et al. High-dose weekly AmBisome antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a pharmacokinetic study. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2006;12:235–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordonnier C, Mohty M, Faucher C, et al. Safety of a weekly high dose of liposomal amphotericin B for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infection in immunocompromised patients: PROPHYSOME Study. Internat J Antimicrob Agents. 2008;31:135–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penack O, Schwartz S, Martus P, et al. Low-dose liposomal amphotericin B in the prevention of invasive fungal infections in patients with prolonged neutropenia: results from a randomized, single-center trial. Ann Oncol. 2006;17:1306–1312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annino L, Chierichini A, Anaderico B, et al. Prospective phase ii single-center study of the safety of a single very high dose of liposomal amphotericin b for antifungal prophylaxis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57:2596–2602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattiuzzi GN, Kantarjian H, Federl S, et al. Amphotericin B lipid complex as prophylaxis ofinvasive fungal infections in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia andmyelodysplastic syndrome undergoing induction chemotherapy. Cancer. 2004;100:581–584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh LP, Kurup A, Goh YT, et al. Randomized trial of fluconazole versus low-dose amphotericin b in prophylaxis against fungal infections in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Am J Hematol. 2002;71:260–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Cheikh J, Castagna L, Wang L, et al. Once-weekly liposomal amphotericin B for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infection after graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a comparative retrospective single-center study. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther. 2010;3:167–173.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tran HL, Mahmoudjafari Z, Rockey M, et al. Tolerability and outcome of once weekly liposomal amphotericin B for the prevention of invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients with graft-versus-host disease. J Oncol Pharm Practice. 2014;1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bow EJ, Laverdie M, Lussier N, et al. M.dantifungal prophylaxis for severely neutropenic chemotherapy recipients. a meta-analysis of randomized-controlled clinical trials. Cancer. 2002;94:3230–3246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robenshtok E, Gafter-Gvili A, Goldberg E, et al. Antifungal prophylaxis in cancer patients after chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:5471–5489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziakas PD, Kourbeti IS, Mylonakis E. Antifungal prophylaxis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: ameta-analysis. Clinical Therapeutics. 2014;36:292–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pechlivanoglou P, Le HH, Daenen S, et al. Mixed treatment comparison of prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections in neutropenic patients receiving therapy for haematological malignancies: a systematic review. J Antimicriob Chemther. 2014;69:1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ping B, Zhu Y, Gao Y, et al. Second- versus first-generation azoles for antifungal prophylaxis in hematology patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Hematol. 2013;92:831–839.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ethier MC, Science M, Beyene J, et al. Mould-active compared with fluconazole prophylaxis to prevent invasive fungal diseases in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Cancer. 2012;106:1626–1637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu S-X, Shen J-L, Tang X-F, et al. Newer antifungal agents for fungal infection prevention during hematopoietic cell transplantation: a meta-analysis. Transplant Proc. 2013;45:407–414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlin DS, Rautemaa-Richardson R. Alastruey-Izquierdo. The global problem of antifungal resistance: prevalence, mechanisms and management. Lancet Infect. 2017;17:e383-e392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard SJ, Arendrup MC. Acquired antifungal drug resistance in aspergillus fumigatus: epidemiology and detection. Med Mycol. 2011;49(suppl 1):S90–95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duarte RF, Sanchez-Ortega I, Cuesta I, et al. Serum galactomann-based early detection of invasive aspergillosis in hematology patients receiving effective antimold prophylaxis. Clin Infect Disease. 2014;59:1696–1702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maschmeyer G, Patterson TF. Our 2014 approach to breakthrough invasive fungal infections. Mycoses. 2014;57:645–651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biehl LM, Vehreschild JJ, Liss B, et al. A cohort study on breakthrough invasive fungal infections in high-risk patients receiving antifungal prophylaxis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016;71:2634–2641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullmann AJ, Aguado JM, Arikan-Akdagli S, et al. Diagnosis and management of Aspergillus diseases: executive summary of the 2017 ESCMID-ECMM-ERS guideline. Clin Microb and Infect. 2018;e1–e38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chamilos G, Luna M, Lewis RE, et al. Invasive fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies in a tertiary care cancer center: an autopsy study over a 15-year period (1989-2003). Haematologica. 2006;91:986–989.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolato A, Nouér SA, Garnica M, et al. Invasive fungal diseases in patients with acute lymphoid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2016;57:2084–2089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doan TN, Kirkpatrick CMJ, Walker P, et al. Primary antifungal prophylaxis in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a multicentre audit. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016;71:497–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariette C, Tavernier E, Hocquet D, et al. Epidemiology of invasive fungal infections during induction therapy in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a GRAALL-2005 study. Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2017;58:586–593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keng M-HB, Keng H-LC, Tan B-H, et al. High risk of invasive fungal infections in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients receiving induction and salvage chemotherapy. Leuk Lymphoma. 2017;50:2017–2018.
   Google Scholar
• Bruggemann RJM, Alffenaar J-WC, Blijlevens NMA, et al. Clinical relevance of the pharmacokinetic interactions of azole antifungal drugs with other coadministered agents. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:1441–1458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronin S, Chandrasekar PH. Safety of triazole antifungal drugs in patients with cancer. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65:410–416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Leeuwen R, van Gelder T, Mathijssen RHJ, et al. Drug–drug interactions with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors: a clinical perspective. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:e315–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haouala A, Widmer N, Duchosal MA, et al. Drug interactions with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib. Blood. 2011;117:e75–e87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar