Ursodeoxycholic acid and COVID-19 outcomes: a cohort study and data synthesis of state-of-art evidence

References

• Pedersen MR, Greenan G, Arora S, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid decreases incidence of primary biliary cholangitis and biliary complications after liver transplantation: a meta-analysis. Liver Transplant. 2021 Jun;27(6):866–875. doi: 10.1002/lt.25935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosch A, Dumortier J, Maucort-Boulch D, et al. Preventive administration of UDCA after liver transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with a lower risk of disease recurrence. J Hepatol. 2015 Dec;63(6):1449–1458. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.07.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brevini T, Maes M, Webb GJ, et al. FXR inhibition may protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing ACE2. Nature. 2023 Mar 2;615(7950):134–142. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05594-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colapietro F, Angelotti G, Masetti C, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid does not improve COVID-19 outcome in hospitalized patients. Viruses-Basel. 2023 Aug;15(8):1738. doi: 10.3390/v15081738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costello RE, Waller KMJ, Smith R, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid and severe COVID-19 outcomes in people with liver disease: a cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform. medRxiv. 2023:2023.12.
   Google Scholar
• Hu L, Zhang H, Huang C, et al. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with liver transplantation: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. QJM Int J Med. 2023 Nov 9;117(5):339–347. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad254
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John BV, Bastaich D, Webb G, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid is associated with a reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infection and reduced severity of COVID-19 in patients with cirrhosis. J Intern Med. 2023 May;293(5):636–647. doi: 10.1111/joim.13630
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Zhu N, Cui X, et al. Protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 May 3;13. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1178590
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marrone G, Covino M, Merra G, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid does not affect the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective study of propensity score-matched cohorts. Liver Int. 2023;44(1):83–92. doi: 10.1111/liv.15736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tianjiao T, Huatao L, Bibo M, et al. Clinical efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of COVID-19. Chin J Clin Infect Dis. 2023;16(4):289–292,298.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu CC, Zhu J. The effect of self-limiting on the prevention and control of the diffuse COVID-19 epidemic with delayed and temporal-spatial heterogeneous. BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Nov 9;21(1):1145. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06670-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu G, Zhang N, Guan AJ, et al. Validity of meta-analytical estimates and hazard ratios quantifying survival benefit of immunochemotherapy in low PD-L1-Expressing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2023 May 20;41(15):2862–2864. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.00057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells GA, Shea B, O’Connell D, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. 2000. Available from: http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp.2013
   Google Scholar
• VanderWeele TJJE. On a square-root transformation of the odds ratio for a common outcome. Epidemiology. 2017;28(6):e58–e60. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanderWeele TJ, Ding P. Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-value. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(4):268–274. doi: 10.7326/M16-2607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo D, Wan X, Liu J, et al. Optimally estimating the sample mean from the sample size, median, mid-range, and/or mid-quartile range. Stat Methods Med Res. 2018;27(6):1785–1805. doi: 10.1177/0962280216669183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li GF, An XX, Yu Y, et al. Do proton pump inhibitors influence SARS-CoV-2 related outcomes? A meta-analysis. Gut. 2021 Sep;70(9):1806–1808. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passamonti F, Cattaneo C, Arcaini L, et al. Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with haematological malignancies in Italy: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study. Lancet Haematol. 2020;7(10):e737–e745. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30251-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brusasco C, Corradi F, Dazzi F, et al. The use of continuous positive airway pressure during the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. ERJ Open Res. 2023;9(2):00365–2022. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00365-2022
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection. 2022. Available from: https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/overview/clinical-spectrum/
   Google Scholar
• China updates COVID-19 diagnosis, treatment protocol [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023]. Available from: http://english.nmpa.gov.cn/2023-01/10/c_861471.htm
   Google Scholar
• Chiang JYL, Ferrell JM. Discovery of farnesoid X receptor and its role in bile acid metabolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2022 May 15;548:111618. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Ospina N, Potter CJ, Xiao R, et al. Mutations in the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR cause progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Nat Commun. 2016 Feb 18;7(1):10713. doi: 10.1038/ncomms10713
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhu P, Zhang J, Chen Y, et al. Analysis of human C24 bile acids metabolome in serum and urine based on enzyme digestion of conjugated bile acids and LC-MS determination of unconjugated bile acids. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2018 Aug;410(21):5287–5300. doi: 10.1007/s00216-018-1183-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambros-Rudolph CM, Glatz M, Trauner M, et al. The importance of serum bile acid level analysis and treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a case series from central Europe. Arch Dermatol. 2007;143(6):757–762. doi: 10.1001/archderm.143.6.757
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burkard I, von Eckardstein A, Rentsch KM. Differentiated quantification of human bile acids in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2005 Nov 5;826(1–2):147–159. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.08.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henriksen NL, Hansen SH, Lycas MD, et al. Cholestasis alters brain lipid and bile acid composition and compromises motor function in neonatal piglets. Physiol Rep. 2022 Jul;10(13):e15368. doi: 10.14814/phy2.15368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilger K, Hohenester S, Winkler-Budenhofer U, et al. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on bile acid profiles and intestinal detoxification machinery in primary biliary cirrhosis and health. J Hepatol. 2012 Jul;57(1):133–140. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.02.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyson JK, Hirschfield GM, Adams DH, et al. Novel therapeutic targets in primary biliary cirrhosis. Nat Rev Gastro Hepat. 2015 Mar 1;12(3):147–158. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant MC, Geoghegan L, Arbyn M, et al. The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(6):e0234765. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaziano L, Giambartolomei C, Pereira AC, et al. Actionable druggable genome-wide Mendelian randomization identifies repurposing opportunities for COVID-19. Nat Med. 2021 Apr;27(4):668–676. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01310-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteil V, Kwon H, Prado P, et al. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infections in engineered human tissues using clinical-grade soluble human ACE2. Cell. 2020 May 14;181(4):905–913 e7. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizk JG, Wenziger C, Tran D, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker use associated with reduced mortality and other disease outcomes in US veterans with COVID-19. Drugs. 2022 Jan 1;82(1):43–54. doi: 10.1007/s40265-021-01639-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kragholm K, Torp-Pedersen C, Fosbol E. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in COVID-19. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021 Jul;3(7):e465–e466. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00144-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qiao Y, Yu G, Li G. Overall Survival Benefit with Sacituzumab Govitecan in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Post Hoc Interaction Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Trail. Clin Drug Investig. 2024;44(6):455–457. doi: 10.1007/s40261-024-01367-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li GF, Qiao YW, Yu G. Helicobacter pylori therapy and risk of gastric cancer after endoscopic resection of dysplasia: a sensitivity analysis assessing impact of unmeasured confounding. Gastroenterology. 2024 Mar 15;167(2):417–418. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.03.010
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu DN, Yu G, Li GF. Validity of meta-analytical data on cutaneous adverse events with phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors. JAMA Oncol. 2023 Oct 1;9(10):1462. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.3384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao YT, Cai J, Li GF. Data extraction and handling issues on evidence synthesis of risk of immunoglobulin e-mediated food allergy. JAMA Pediatr. 2023 Sep 1;177(9):983. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.2465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu DN, Guan AJ, Li GF. Data reproducibility issues on evidence synthesis of adverse events associated with HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugates. EClinicalMedicine. 2023 Apr;58:101904. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101904
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Verdecchia P, Cavallini C, Spanevello A, et al. The pivotal link between ACE2 deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur J Internal Med. 2020 Jun;76:14–20. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.04.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abenavoli L, Aquila I, Sacco MA, et al. Liver damage and impaired coagulation in COVID-19 patients: a case series. Diseases. 2023 Oct 13;11(4). doi: 10.3390/diseases11040141
   Google Scholar
• Ramos SG, Rattis B, Ottaviani G, et al. ACE2 down-regulation may act as a transient molecular disease causing RAAS dysregulation and tissue damage in the microcirculatory environment among COVID-19 patients. Am J Pathol. 2021 Jul;191(7):1154–1164. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.04.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan S, Zhang Y, Meng F, et al. Can ursodeoxycholic acid prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection or reduce the COVID-19 severity? Current knowledge and unresolved issues. Infect Immun. 2023;3(3):114–119.
   Google Scholar
• Li GF, Yu G. Drug-induced liver injury with ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir: evidence from coronavirus disease 2019 emergency use authorization adverse event reporting system. Gastroenterology. 2023 Jul;165(1):305–306. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.02.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar