Substance use by the mentally disordered committing serious offences-a high-security hospital study

References

• Corbett , M. , Duggan , C. and Larkin , E. 1998 . ‘Substance Misuse and Violence, a Comparison of Special Hospital Inpatients Diagnosed with either Schizophrenia or Personality Disorder’ . Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health , 8 : 311 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health ( 1999a ) Safer Services: National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness . London : DoH .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health ( 1999b ) Government Health Survey . London : DoH .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health ( 2001a ) Safety First: Five-year Report of the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness . London : DoH .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health ( 2001b ) Statistics on Alcohol: England 1978 onwards . London : DoH.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health ( 2002 ) Mental Health Policy Implementation Guide: Dual Diagnosis Good Practice Guide . London : DoH .
   Google Scholar
• Eronen , M. , Tiihonen , J. and Hakola , P. 1996 . ‘Schizophrenia and Homicidal Behaviour’ . Schizophrenia Bulletin , 22 ( 1 ) : 83 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulwiler , C , Grossman , H. , Forbes , C. and Ruthazer , R. 1997 . ‘Early Onset Substance Abuse and Community Violence by Outpatients with Chronic Mental Illness’ . Psychiatric Services , 48 : 1181 – 5 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottlieb , P. , Gabrielsen , G. and Kramp , P. 1987 . ‘Psychotic Homicide in Copenhagen from 1959 to 1983’ . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 76 : 285 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , G. T. , Rice , M. E. and Quinsey , V. L. 1993 . ‘Violent Recidivism of Mentally Disordered Offenders: the Development of a Statistical Prediction Instrument’ . Criminal Justice and Behaviour , 20 : 315 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodgins , S. 1992 . ‘Mental Disorder, Intellectual Deficiency and Crime’ . Archives of General Psychiatry , 49 : 476 – 83 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanswischer , R. W. and Hundley , J. 1990 . ‘Screening for Substance Misuse in Hospitalised Psychiatric Patients’ . Hospital and Community Psychiatry : 795 , 41 : 7
   Google Scholar
• Lindqvist , P. and Allebeck , P. 1989 . ‘Schizophrenia and Assaultative Behaviour: the Role of Alcohol and Drug Abuse’ . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 82 : 191 – 5 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monahan , J. , Steadman , H. J. , Silver , E. , Appelbaum , P. S. , Robbins , P. C , Mulvey , E. P. , Roth , L. H. , Grisso , T. and Banks , S. 2001 . Rethinking Risk Assessment: the Mcarthur Study of Mental Disorder and Violence , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Petursson , H. and Gudjonsson , G. H. 1981 . ‘Psychiatric Aspects of Homicide’ . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 64 : 363 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsay , M. and Partridge , S. ( 1998 ) ‘Drug Misuse Declared in 1998: Results from the British Crime Survey’. Home Office Research Study . London : Home Office .
   Google Scholar
• Rasanen , P. , Tiihonen , J. , Isohanni , M. , Rantakallio , P. , Lehtonen , J. and Moring , J. 1998 . ‘Schizophrenia, Alcohol Abuse and Violent Behavior: a 26-year Follow-up Study of an Unselected Birth Cohort’ . Schizophrenia Bulletin , 24 : 437 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiger , D. A. , Farmer , M. E. , Rae , D. S. , Locke , B. Z. , Keith , S. J. , Judd , L. L. and Goodwin , F. K. 1990 . ‘Comorbidity of Mental Disorders with Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse’ . Journal of the American Medical Association , 264 : 2511 – 18 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , H. , Johnson , S. , Menezes , P. , Thornicroft , G. , Marshall , J. , Bindman , J. , Bebbington , P. and Kuipers , E. 1998 . ‘Substance Misuse and the Risk of Aggression and Offending among the Severely Mentally 111’ . British Journal of Psychiatry , 172 : 345 – 50 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singleton , N. , Meltzer , H. , Gatward , R. , Coid , J. and Dcasy , D. 1998 . Psychiatric Morbidity among Prisoners in England and Wales , London : HMSO .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , J. , Frazer , S. , Boer , H. and Donovan , M. 1994 . ‘Dual Diagnosis in the UK’ . Hospital and Community Psychiatry , 45 : 280 – 1 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steadman , H. J. , Mulvey , E. P. , Monahan , J. , Robbins , P. C , Appelbaum , P. S. , Grisso , T. , Roth , L. H. and Silver , E. 1998 . ‘Violence by People Discharged from Acute Psychiatric Inpatient Facilities and by Others in the Same Neighbourhoods’ . Archives of General Psychiatry , 55 : 393 – 401 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson , J. W. 1993 . ‘Alcohol Abuse, Mental Disorder and Violent Behaviour, an Epidemiological Enquiry’ . Alcohol Health and Research World , 17 ( 2 ) : 123 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Swanson , J. W. 1994 . “ ‘Mental Disorder, Substance Abuse and Community Violence, an Epidemiological Approach’ ” . In Violence and Mental Disorder, Developments in Risk Assessment , Edited by: Monahan , J. and Steadman , H. J. 101 – 36 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press, Chapter 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Swanson , J. W. , Holzer , C. E. , Ganju , V. K. and Jono , R. T. 1990 . ‘Violence and Psychiatric Disorder in the Community: Evidence from the Epidemiological Catchment Area Surveys’ . Hospital and Community Psychiatry , 41 ( 7 ) : 761 – 70 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taylor , P. J. , Leese , M. , Williams , D. , Butwell , M. , Daly , R. and Larkin , E. 1998 . ‘Mental Disorder and Violence: a Special (High Security) Hospital Study’ . British Journal of Psychiatry , 172 : 218 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , G. T. and McMurran , M. 1993 . ‘Alcohol-related Offending in Male Special Hospital Patients’ . Medicine, Science and the Law , 33 : 29 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiihonen , J. , Isohanni , M. , Rasanen , P. , Koiranen , M. and Moring , J. 1997 . ‘Specific Major Mental Disorders and Criminality: a 26-year Prospective Study of the 1966 Northern Finland Birth Cohort’ . American Journal of Psychiatry , 154 : 840 – 5 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster , C. D. , Douglas , K. S. , Eaves , D. and Hart , S. D. 1997 . HCR-20 Assessing Risk for Violence, version 2 , Burnaby , BC : Simon Fraser University .
   Google Scholar
• Wheatley , M. 1998 . ‘The Prevalence and Relevance of Substance Abuse in Detained Schizophrenic Patients’ . Journal of Forensic Psychiatry , 9 ( 1 ) : 114 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization ( 1993 ) The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research . Geneva : WHO.
   Google Scholar
• Yarvis , M. 1994 . ‘Patterns of Substance Abuse and Intoxication among Murderers’ . Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law , 22 ( 1 ) : 133 – 44 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar