References
- Adshead , G. and Mezey , G. C. 1997 . “ Post-traumatic stress reactions and the criminal law ” . In Psychological trauma: A developmental approach , Edited by: Black , D. , Newman , M. , Hendricks , J. Harris and Mezey , G. 351 – 362 . London : Gaskell .
- American Psychiatric Association . 1980 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 3rd ed.; DSM-III , Washington, DC : Author .
- American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th ed.; DSM -V , Washington, DC : Author .
- American Psychiatric Association . 2004 . Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder . American Journal of Psychiatry , 161
- Appelbaum , P. S. , Jick , R. Z. , Grisso , T. , Givelber , D. , Silver , E. and Steadman , H. J. 1993 . Use of posttraumatic stress disorder to support an insanity defense . American Journal of Psychiatry , 150 : 229 – 234 .
- Begic , D. and Begic , N. J. 2001 . Aggressive behaviour in combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder . Military Medicine , 166 : 671 – 676 .
- Bisson , J. and Andrew , M. 2005 . Psychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [Review] . The Cochrane Library ,
- Blake , D. D. , Weathers , F. W. and Nagy , L. M. 1995 . The development of a clinician-administered PTSD scale . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 8 : 75 – 90 .
- Bleich , A. , Koslowsky , M. , Dolev , A. and Lerer , B. 1997 . Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression: An analysis of comorbidity . British Journal of Psychiatry , 170 : 479 – 482 .
- Brinded , P. M. J. , Simpson , A. I. F. , Laidlaw , T. M. , Fairley , N. and Malcolm , F. 2001 . Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in New Zealand prisons: A national study . Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , 35 : 166 – 173 .
- Byrne , M. K. 2003 . Trauma reactions in the offender . International Journal of Forensic Psychology , 1 : 59 – 70 .
- Chemtob , C. M. , Hamada , R. S. , Roitblat , H. L. and Muraoka , M. 1994 . Anger, implusivity and anger control in combat related posttraumatic stress disorder . Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology , 62 : 827 – 832 .
- Collins , J. J. and Bailey , S. L. 1990 . Traumatic stress disorder and violent behaviour . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 3 : 203 – 220 .
- Daly , R. J. 1983 . Samuel Pepys and post-traumatic stress disorder . British Journal of Psychiatry , 143 : 64 – 68 .
- Freeman , T. W. and Roca , V. 2001 . Gun use, attitudes toward violence, and aggression among combat veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 189 : 317 – 320 .
- Goenjian , A. 1993 . A mental health relief programme in Armenia after the 1988 earthquake: Implementation and clinical observations . British Journal of Psychiatry , 163 : 230 – 239 .
- Grey , N. S. , Carmen , N. G. , Rogers , P. , MacCulloch , M. J. , Hayward , P. and Snowden , R. J. 2003 . Post-traumatic stress disorder in mentally disordered offenders by the committing of serious violent or sexual offence . Journal of Forensic Psychiatry , 14 : 27 – 43 .
- Gunn , J. , Maden , A. and Swinton , M. 1991 . Mentally disordered prisoners , London : Home Office .
- Harry , B. and Resnick , P. J. 1986 . Posttraumatic stress disorder in murderers . Journal of Forensic Sciences , 31 : 609 – 613 .
- Kessler , R. C. , Sonnega , A. , Bromet , E. , Hughes , M. and Nelson , C. B. 1995 . Post- traumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey . Archives of General Psychiatry , 52 : 1048 – 1060 .
- Kristiansson , M. , Sumelius , K. and Sondergaard , H.-P. 2004 . Post-traumatic stress disorder in the forensic psychiatric setting . Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law , 32 : 399 – 407 .
- Kulka , R. A. , Schlenger , W. E. , Fairbank , J. A. , Hough , R. L. , Jordan , B. K. Marmar , C. R. 1990 . Trauma and the Vietnam War generation , New York : Brunner/Mazel .
- Lacoursiere , R. B. 1993 . Diverse motives for factitious post-traumatic stress disorder . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 6 : 141 – 149 .
- Lasko , N. B. , Guruits , T. V. , Kuhne , A. A. , Orr , S. P. and Pitman , R. K. 1994 . Aggression and its correlates in Vietnam veterans with and without chronic post-traumatic stress disorder . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 35 : 373 – 381 .
- Mackay , R. D. and Kearns , G. 1999 . More Facts about the Insanity Defence . Criminal Law Review , : 714 – 725 .
- Mackay , R. D. 2004 . “ The diminished responsibility plea in operation: An empirical study ” . In Partial defences to murder , The Law Commission .
- Maden , A. , Taylor , C. J. A. Brooke , D. 1995 . Mental disorders in remand prisoners , London : Home Office .
- Moskowitz , A. 2004 . Dissociation and violence . Trauma, Violence and Abuse , 5 : 21 – 46 .
- Mueser , K. T. , Goodman , L. B. , Trumbetta , S. L. , Rosenberg , S. D. , Osher , C. Vidaver , R. 1998 . Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness . Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology , 66 : 493 – 499 .
- National Institute of Clinical Excellence . 2005 . Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): The management of PTSD in adults and children in primary and secondary care , London : Author .
- Neria , Y. , Bromet , E. J. , Sievers , S. , Lavelle , J. and Fochtmann , L. J. 2002 . Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in psychosis: Findings from a first admission cohort . Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology , 70 : 246 – 251 .
- Newman , E. , Kaloupek , D. G. and Keane , T. M. 1996 . “ Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Clinical and Research Settings ” . In Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body and Society , Edited by: van der Kolk , B. A. , McFarlane , A. C. and Weisaeth , L. 242 – 275 . New York : The Guildford Press .
- Packer , I. K. 1983 . Post-traumatic stress disorder and the insanity defense: A critical analysis . Journal of Psychiatry and Law , 11 : 125 – 136 .
- Papanastassiou , M. , Waldron , G. , Boyle , J. and Chesterman , L. P. 2004 . Post-traumatic stress disorder in mentally ill perpetrators of homicide . Journal of Forensic Psychiatry , 15 : 66 – 75 .
- Pollock , P. H. 1999 . When the killer suffers: Post-traumatic stress reactions following homicide . Legal and Criminological Psychology , 4 : 185 – 202 .
- Reijneveld , S. A. , Crone , M. R. , Verhulst , F. C. and Verloove-Vanhorick , S. P. 2003 . The effect of a severe disaster on the mental health of adolescents: A controlled study . The Lancet , 362 : 691 – 696 .
- Resnick , P. J. 1995 . “ Guidelines for the evaluation of malingering in posttraumatic stress disorder ” . In Posttraumatic stress disorder in litigation guidelines for forensic assessment , Edited by: Simon , R. I. 117 – 134 . American Psychiatric Press, Inc. .
- Scottish Law Commission report on insanity and diminished responsibility . 2004 . Edinburgh, , UK : Stationary Office .
- Shalev , A. Y. , Freedman , S. , Peri , T. , Brandes , D. , Sahar , T. , Orr , S. P. and Pitman , R. K. 1998 . Prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma . American Journal of Psychiatry , 155 : 630 – 637 .
- Shalev , A. Y. , Orr , S. P. and Pitman , R. K. 1993 . Psychophysiological assessment of traumatic imagery in Israeli, civilian patients with posttraumatic stress disorder . American Journal of Psychiatry , 20 : 211 – 217 .
- Shapiro , F. 1989 . Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR): A new treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder . Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry , 20 : 211 – 217 .
- Shaw , D. M. , Churchill , C. M. , Noyes , R. and Loeffelholz , P. L. 1987 . Criminal behaviour and post-traumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 28 : 403 – 411 .
- Silva , J. A. , Derecho , D. V. , Leong , G. B. , Weinstock , R. and Ferrari , M. M. 2001 . A classification of psychological factors leading to violent behavior in posttraumatic stress disorder . Journal of Forensic Sciences , 46 : 309 – 316 .
- Silva , J. A. , Leong , G. B. , Harry , B. E. , Ronan , J. and Weinstock , R. 1998 . Dangerous misidentification of people due to flashback phenomena in posttraumatic stress disorder . Journal of Forensic Sciences , 43 : 1107 – 1111 .
- Singleton , N. , Meltzer , H. and Gatward , R. 1998 . Psychiatric morbidity among prisoners in England and Wales , London : Stationery Office .
- Solomon , S. D. and Davidson , J. R. 1997 . Trauma: Prevalence, impairment, service use, and cost . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 58 ( Suppl. 9 ) : 5 – 11 .
- Solursh , L. P. , Meyer , C. A. and Nolan , W. P. 1991 . Addiction to violence in the United States Vietnam combat veteran . Medical Law , 10 : 375 – 379 .
- Sparr , L. F. 1996 . Mental defenses and posttraumatic stress disorder: Assessment of criminal intent . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 9 : 405 – 425 .
- Sparr , L. F. and Atkinson , R. M. 1986 . Posttraumatic stress disorder as an insanity defense: Medicolegal quicksand . American Journal of Psychiatry , 143 : 608 – 612 .
- Sparr , L. F. , Reaves , M. E. and Atkinson , R. M. 1987 . Military combat, post-traumatic stress disorder, and criminal behaviour in Vietnam veterans . Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law , 15 : 141 – 162 .
- Spitzer , C. , Dudeck , M. , Liss , L. , Orlob , S. , Gillner , M. and Freyberger , H. J. 2001 . Post-traumatic stress disorder in forensic inpatients . Journal of Forensic Psychiatry , 12 : 63 – 77 .
- Stein , D. J. , Zungu-Dirwayi , N. , van der Linden , G. J. H. and Seedat , S. 2005 . Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [Review] . The Cochrane Library ,
- Sumpter , R. E. and McMillan , T. M. 2005 . Misdiagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder following severe traumatic brain injury . British Journal of Psychiatry , 186 : 423 – 426 .
- Teplin , L. A. , Abram , K. M. and McClelland , G. M. 1996 . Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among incarcerated woman: 1. Pretrial jail detainees . Archives of General Psychiatry , 53 : 505 – 512 .
Legal cases
- HM Advocate v Kidd (1960). J.C. 61
- Ross v HM Advocate (1991). J.C. 210
- Galbraith v HM Advocate (2002). J.C
- HM Advocate v Cunningham (1963). J.C. 80
- HM Advocate v McLeod (High Court of Justiciary at Forfar, October 24, 2002)
- M’ Naghten Case (1843). 10 Cl & F 200
- People v Lisnow 88 Cal. App. 3d. Supp21, 151 Cal. Rptr. 621 (1981)
- People v Pettibone, No 9632C 9 Sonoma Super, Ct. Cal., Feb. 29 (1980)
- State v Cocuzza, No 1484-79 (Supp Ct. Middlesex Cty. NJ, 1981)
- State v Heads, No. 106-126 (1st Jud. Dist. Ct. Caddo Parish LA Oct. 10, 1981)
- State v Felde, 422 So. 2d 370 (La. 1982)
- State v Mann, No. 82-CR-310 (Cir. Ct. Marinette Cty. WI, Aug. 1983)
- State v Kelly, 97 N.J. 178,478 A.2d 364 (1984)
Acts
- Homicide Act 1957