Interactions between three phonological subsystems of young multilinguals: the influence of language status

References

• Bardel, C., & Falk, Y. (2007). The role of the second language in third language acquisition: The case of Germanic syntax. Second Language Research, 23(4), 459–484. doi: 10.1177/0267658307080557
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardel, C., & Falk, Y. (2012). The L2 status factor and the declarative/procedural distinction. In J. Cabrelli Amaro, S. Flynn, & J. Rothman (Eds.), Third language acquisition in adulthood (pp. 61–78). Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2015). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer (Version 5.3.41). Retrieved from http://www.praat.org
   Google Scholar
• de Bot, K. (2012). Rethinking multilingual processing: From a static to a dynamic approach. In J. Cabrelli Amaro, S. Flynn, & J. Rothman (Eds.), Third language acquisition in adulthood (pp. 79–93). Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• de Bot, K., & Larsen-Freeman, D. (2011). Researching second language development from a Dynamic Systems Theory perspective. In M. Verspoor, K. de Bot, & W. Lowie (Eds.), A dynamic approach to second language development: Methods and techniques (pp. 5–24). Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• de Bot, K., Lowie, W., & Verspoor, M. (2007). A dynamic systems theory approach to second language acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10(1), 7–21. doi: 10.1017/S1366728906002732
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabrelli Amaro, J. (2016). Testing the phonological permeability hypothesis: L3 phonological effects on L1 versus L2 systems. International Journal of Bilingualism. Advance online publication. doi: 0.1177/1367006916637287
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cenoz, J. (2013). The influence of bilingualism on third language acquisition: Focus on multilingualism. Language Teaching, 46(1), 71–86. doi: 10.1017/S0261444811000218
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Dijk, M., Verspoor, W., & Lowie, W. (2011). Variability and DST. In M. Verspoor, K. de Bot, & W. Lowie (Eds.), A dynamic approach to second language development: Methods and techniques (pp. 55–84). Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Escudero, P., Benders, T., & Lipski, S. C. (2009). Native, non-native and L2 perceptual cue weighting for Dutch vowels: The case of Dutch, German, and Spanish listeners. Journal of Phonetics, 37(4), 452–465. doi: 10.1016/j.wocn.2009.07.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn, S., Foley, C., & Vinnitskaya, I. (2004). The cumulative-enhancement model for language acquisition: Comparing adults’ and children’s patterns of development in first, second and third language acquisition of relative clauses. International Journal of Multilingualism, 1(1), 3–16. doi: 10.1080/14790710408668175
   Google Scholar
• Gabriel, C., Stahnke, J., & Thulke, J. (2015). Acquiring English and French speech rhythm in a multilingual classroom: A comparison with Asian Englishes. In U. Gut, R. Fuchs, & E.-M. Wunder (Eds.), Universal or diverse paths to English phonology? (pp. 135–163). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• van Geert, P. (2008). The Dynamic Systems approach in the study of L1 and L2 acquisition: An introduction. The Modern Language Journal, 92, 179–199. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4781.2008.00713.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giancaspro, D., Halloran, B., & Iverson, M. (2015). Transfer at the initial stages of L3 Brazilian Portuguese: A look at three groups of English/Spanish bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18, 191–207. doi: 10.1017/S1366728914000339
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gut, U. (2009). Non-native speech. A corpus-based analysis of the phonetic and phonological properties of L2 English and German. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Gut, U. (2010). Cross-linguistic influence in L3 phonological acquisition. International Journal of Multilingualism, 7(1), 19–38. doi: 10.1080/14790710902972248
   Google Scholar
• Hammarberg, B. (2001). Roles of L1 and L2 in L3 production and acquisition. In J. Cenoz, B. Hufeisen, & U. Jessner (Eds.), Cross-linguistic aspects of L3 acquisition (pp. 21–41). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Hammarberg, B. (2010). The languages of the multilingual: Some conceptual and terminological issues. IRAL – International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 48(2–3), 91–104. doi: 10.1515/iral.2010.005
   Google Scholar
• Hammarberg, B. (2014). Problems in defining the concepts of L1, L2 and L3. In A. Otwinowska & G. De Angelis (Eds.), Teaching and learning in multilingual contexts: Sociolinguistic and educational perspectives (pp. 3–18). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Hammarberg, B. (2015). Third language acquisition. In The Routledge encyclopedia of second language acquisition (pp. 644–648). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hammarberg, B., & Williams, S. (1993). A study of third language acquisition. In B. Hammarberg (Ed.), Problem, process, product in language learning (pp. 60–70). Stockholm: Stockholm University.
   Google Scholar
• Jarvis, S., & Pavlenko, A. (2008). Crosslinguistic influence in language and cognition. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kendall, T., & Thomas, E. R. (2014). Vowels: Vowel manipulation, normalization, and plotting (R package version 1.2.1). Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vowels/
   Google Scholar
• Kondaurova, M. V., & Francis, A. L. (2008). The relationship between native allophonic experience with vowel duration and perception of the English tense/lax vowel contrast by Spanish and Russian listeners. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 124(6), 3959–3971. doi: 10.1121/1.2999341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopečková, R. (2013). Cross-linguistic influence in child L3 instructed phonological acquisition. In L. Aronin & M. Pawlak (Eds.), Essential topics in applied linguistics and multilingualism. Studies in honor of David Singleton (pp. 205–224). Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Kopečková, R. (2015). Differences in the perception of English vowel sounds by child L2 and L3 learners. In U. Gut, R. Fuchs, & E.-M. Wunder (Eds.), Universal or diverse paths to English phonology? (pp. 71–89). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Lowie, W. (2011). Early L2 phonology: A dynamic approach. In M. Wrembel, M. Kul, & K. Dziubalska-Kolaczyk (Eds.), Achievements and perspectives in SLA of speech: New Sounds 2010 (pp. 159–170). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Mennen, I. (2004). Bidirectional interference in the intonation of Dutch speakers of Greek. Journal of Phonetics, 32, 543–563. doi: 10.1016/j.wocn.2004.02.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montrul, S. (2008). Incomplete acquisition in bilingualism: Re-examining the age factor. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Montrul, S. (2015). The acquisition of heritage languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Plonsky, L. (2015). Statistical power, p values, descriptive statistics, and effect sizes: A ‘back-to-basics’ approach to advancing quantitative methods in L2 research. In L. Plonsky (Ed.), Advancing quantitative methods in second language research (pp. 23–45). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Polinsky, M. (2015). When L1 becomes an L3: Do heritage speakers make better L3 learners? Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18(2), 163–178. doi: 10.1017/S1366728913000667
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pyun, K.-S. (2005). A model of interlanguage analysis – The case of Swedish by Korean speakers. In B. Hufeisen & R. Fouser (Eds.), Introductory readings in L3 (pp. 55–70). Tübingen: Stauffenberg Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Rothman, J. (2011). L3 syntactic transfer selectivity and typological determinacy: The Typological Primacy Model. Second Language Research, 27(1), 107–127. doi: 10.1177/0267658310386439
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothman, J. (2015). Linguistic and cognitive motivations for the Typological Primacy Model (TPM) of third language (L3) transfer: Timing of acquisition and proficiency considered. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18(2), 179–190. doi: 10.1017/S136672891300059X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valdés, G. (2001). Heritage language students: Profiles and possibilities. In J. Peyton, J. Ranard, & S. McGinnis (Eds.), Heritage languages in America: Preserving a national resource (pp. 37–80). McHenry, IL: The Center for Applied Linguistics and Delta Systems.
   Google Scholar
• Vorperian, H. K., & Kent, R. D. (2007). Vowel acoustic space development in children: A synthesis of acoustic and anatomic data. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50, 1510–1545. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/104)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westergaard, M., Mitrofanova, N., Mykhaylyk, R., & Rodina, Y. (2016). Crosslinguistic influence in the acquisition of a third language: The Linguistic Proximity Model. International Journal of Bilingualism, 1–17. doi:10.1177/1367006916648859
   Google Scholar
• Wrembel, M. (2010). L2-accented speech in L3 production. International Journal of Multilingualism, 7(1), 75–90. doi: 10.1080/14790710902972263
   Google Scholar
• Wrembel, M. (2011). Cross-linguistic influence in third language acquisition of voice onset time. In W.-S. Lee & E. Zee (Eds.), Proceedings of the 17th international congress of phonetic sciences (pp. 2157–2160). Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong.
   Google Scholar
• Wrembel, M. (2012). Foreign accentedness in third language acquisition: The case of L3 English. In J. Cabrelli Amaro, S. Flynn, & J. Rothman (Eds.), Third language acquisition in adulthood (pp. 281–309). Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Wrembel, M. (2014). VOT patterns in the acquisition of third language phonology. Concordia Papers in Applied Linguistics, 5, 751–771.
   Google Scholar
• Wrembel, M. (2015a). Cross-linguistic influence in second vs. third language acquisition of phonology. In U. Gut, R. Fuchs, & E.-M. Wunder (Eds.), Universal or diverse paths to English phonology? (pp. 41–70). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Wrembel, M. (2015b). In search of a new perspective: Cross-linguistic influence in the acquisition of third language phonology. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.
   Google Scholar
• Wrembel, M., Marecka, M., Zambrzuski, D., & Otwinowska-Kasztelanic, A. (2016). Do early bilinguals speak differently than their monolingual peers? Predictors of phonological performance of Polish-English bilingual children. In E. Babatsouli & D. Ingram (Eds.), Proceedings of the international symposium on monolingual and bilingual speech 2015 (pp. 207–213). Chania: Institute of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech.
   Google Scholar
• Wunder, E.-M. (2011). Cross-linguistic influence in multilingual language acquisition: Phonology in third or additional language acquisition. In G. De Angelis & J.-M. Dewaele (Eds.), New trends in crosslinguistic influence and multilingualism research (pp. 105–128). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Wunder, E.-M. (2014). On the hunt for lateral phonological crosslinguistic influence in third or additional language acquisition (Unpublished PhD thesis). University of Münster, Münster.
   Google Scholar