Translanguaging as an agentive pedagogy for multilingual learners: affordances and constraints

References

• Baker, C. (2011). Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism (5th ed.). Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Bakhurst, D. (1995). On the social constitution of mind: Bruner, Ilyenkov, and the defence of cultural psychology. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 2(3), 158–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749039509524697
   Google Scholar
• Bale, J. (2016). In defense of language rights: Rethinking the rights orientation from a political economy perspective. Bilingual Research Journal, 39(3–4), 231–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/15235882.2016.1224208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackledge, A., & Creese, A. (2010). Multilingualism: A critical perspective. Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Block, D. (2003). The social turn in second language acquisition. Georgetown University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. (1993). The field of cultural production: Essays on art and literature. Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Canagarajah, S. (2011a). Translanguaging in the classroom: Emerging issues for research and pedagogy. Applied Linguistics Review, 2(2011), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110239331.1
   Google Scholar
• Canagarajah, S. (2011b). Codemeshing in academic writing: Identifying teachable strategies of translanguaging. The Modern Language Journal, 95(3), 401–417. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2011.01207.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, K. S., & Sambolín Morales, A. N. (2016). Using university students’ L1 as a resource: Translanguaging in a Puerto Rican ESL classroom. Bilingual Research Journal, 39(3–4), 248–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/15235882.2016.1240114
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cenoz, J., & Gorter, D. (2017). Minority languages and sustainable translanguaging: Threat or opportunity. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 38(10), 901–912. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2017.1284855
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cenoz, J., & Gorter, D. (2020). Pedagogical translanguaging: An introduction. System, 92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102269
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, A. D. (2004). Assessing speech acts in a second language. In D. Boxer & A. D. Cohen (Eds.), Studying speaking to inform second language learning (pp. 302–327). Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Creese, A., & Blackledge, A. (2010). Translanguaging in the bilingual classroom: A pedagogy for learning and teaching? Modern Language Journal, 94(i), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2009.00986.x
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory Into Practice, 39(3), 124–130. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummins, J. (2007). Rethinking monolingual instructional strategies in multilingual classrooms. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 10(2), 221–240. https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/CJAL/article/view/19743
   Google Scholar
• Cummins, J. (2017). Teaching for transfer in multilingual school contexts. In O. García, A. Lin, & S. May (Eds.), Bilingual and multilingual education (pp. 1–13). Springer International Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Daniel, S. M., & Pacheco, M. B. (2016). Translanguaging practices and perspectives of four multilingual teens. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 59(6), 653–663. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaal.500. https://my.vanderbilt.edu/shannondaniel/files/2015/09/Daniel-Pacheco-2015-JAAL.pdf
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da Silva Iddings, A. C. (2018). Applying sociocultural theory to prepare teachers to work with culturally and linguistically diverse students and families. In J. P. Lantolf, M. E. Poehner, & M. Swain (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of sociocultural theory and second language development (pp. 505–526). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Duarte, J. (2019). Translanguaging in mainstream education: A sociocultural approach. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 22(2), 150–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2016.1231774
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duarte, J. (2020). Translanguaging in the context of mainstream multilingual education. International Journal of Multilingualism, 17(2), 232–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2018.1512607
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis. Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Fairclough, N., & Wodak, R. (1997). Critical discourse analysis. In T. A. van Dijk (Ed.), Discourse as social interaction (pp. 258–284). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• García, O. (2009). Education, multilingualism and translanguaging in the 21st century. In A. Mohanty, M. Panda, R. Phillipson, & T. Skutnabb-Kangas (Eds.), Multilingual education for social justice: Globalising the local (pp. 128–145). Orient Blackswan.
   Google Scholar
• García, O. (2019). Decolonizing foreign, second, heritage and first languages: Implications for education. In D. Macedo (Ed.), Decolonizing foreign language education (pp. 152–168). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• García, O., Johnson, S., & Seltzer, K. (2017). The translanguaging classroom. Leveraging student bilingualism for learning. Caslon.
   Google Scholar
• García, O., & Kano, N. (2014). Translanguaging as process and pedagogy: Developing the English writing of Japanese students in the US. In J. Conteh & G. Meier (Eds.), The multilingual turn in languages education: Opportunities and challenges (pp. 258–277). Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• García, O, & Leiva, C. (2014). Theorising and enacting translanguaging for social justice. In A. Blackledge& A. Creese (Eds.), Heteroglossia as practice and pedagogy (pp. 199–216). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• García, O., & Lin, A. (2016). Translanguaging and bilingual education. In O. García, A. Lin, & S. May (Eds.), Bilingual and multilingual education (pp. 117–130). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• García, O., & Li Wei (2014). Translanguaging: Language, bilingualism and education. Palgrave MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• García, O., Makar, C., Starcevic, M., & Terry, A. (2011). The translanguaging of Latino kindergartners. In J. Rothman & K. Potowski (Eds.), Bilingual youth: Spanish in English speaking societies (pp. 35–55). John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• García, O., Menken, K., Velasco, P., & Vogel, S. (2018). Dual language bilingual education in NYC: A potential unfulfilled. In M. B. Arias & M. Fee (Eds.), Profiles of dual language education in the 21st century (pp. 38–55). Center for Applied Linguistics and Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• García, O., & Otheguy, R. (2020). Plurilingualism and translanguaging: Commonalities and divergences. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 23(1), 17–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2019.1598932
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García, O., Seltzer, K., & Witt, D. (2018). Disrupting linguistic inequalities in US urban classrooms: The role of translanguaging. In P. Van Avermaet, S. Slembrouck, K. Van Gorp, S. Sierens, & K. Marijns (Eds.), The multilingual edge of education (pp. 41–66). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Garza, A., & Langman, J. (2014). Translanguaging in a latin@bilingual community: Negotiations and mediations in a dual-language classroom. Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) Special Issue, 8(1), 37–49. https://amaejournal.utsa.edu/index.php/AMAE/article/view/225/216
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, K. I., & Palmer, D. K. (2015). Teacher and student language practices and ideologies in a third-grade two-way dual language program implementation. International Multilingual Research Journal, 9(2), 75–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/19313152.2015.1016827
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornberger, N. H., & Link, H. (2012). Translanguaging in today’s classrooms: A biliteracy lens. Theory Into Practice, 51(4), 239–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2012.726051
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hua, Z., Wei, L., & Jankowicz-Pytel, D. (2020). Translanguaging and embodied teaching and learning: Lessons from a multilingual karate club in London. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2019.1599811.
   Google Scholar
• Ibrahim, N. (2018). A case on Tamil education in Malaysia: Is Tamil education being sidelined? SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 53, pp. 1–12). https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2018/14/shsconf_ichss2018_03006.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Karlsson, A., Larsson, P. N., & Jakobsson, A. (2018). Multilingual students’ use of translanguaging in science classrooms. International Journal of Science Education, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2018.1477261
   Google Scholar
• Kaufhold, K. (2018). Creating translanguaging spaces in students’ academic writing practices. Linguistics and Education, 45, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2018.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenayathulla, H. B. (2015). Ethical issues in the Malaysian education system. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 47(5), 440–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2013.866534
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lantolf, J. P., & Poehner, M. E. (2014). Sociocultural theory and the pedagogical imperative in L2 education: Vygotskian praxis and the research/practice divide. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lantolf, J. P., & Thorne, S. L. (2006). Sociocultural theory and the genesis of second language development. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Larsen-Freeman, D. (2019). On language learner agency: A complex dynamic systems theory perspective. Modern Language Journal, 103(S1), 61–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12536
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, G., Jones, B., & Baker, C. (2012). Translanguaging: Origins and development from school to street and beyond. Educational Research and Evaluation: An International Journal on Theory and Practice, 18(7), 641–654. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803611.2012.718488
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, C., & Moje, E. B. (2003). Sociocultural perspectives meet critical theories: Producing knowledge through multiple frameworks. The International Journal of Learning: Annual Review, 10(1), 1979–1995. http://www-personal.umich.edu/~moje/pdf/Journal/SocioculturalPerspectivesMeetCriticalTheories.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lin, L. (2015). Investigating Chinese HE EFL classrooms: Using collaborative learning to enhance learning. Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Lin, M. M. (2015, October 1). No Malaysian is a ‘pendatang’, eminent historian says as racial tensions flare. Malay Mail. https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/10/01/no-malaysian-is-a-pendatang-eminent-historian-says-as-racial-tensions-flare/979395
   Google Scholar
• Li Wei. (2018). Translanguaging as a practical theory of language. Applied Linguistics, 39(1), 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amx039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Wei (2011). Moment analysis and translanguaging space: Discursive construction of identities by multilingual Chinese youth in Britain. Journal of Pragmatics, 43(5), 1222–1235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.07.035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Wei, & Ho, W. Y. (2018). Language learning sans frontiers: A translanguaging view. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 38, 33–59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190518000053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Wei, & Wu, C.-J. (2009). Polite Chinese children revisited: Creativity and the use of codeswitching in the Chinese complementary school classroom. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 12(2), 193–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050802153210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malaysia Department of Information. (2017). Demografi penduduk [Demography of population]. https://www.malaysia.gov.my/portal/content/30114?language=my
   Google Scholar
• Martin-Beltrán, M. (2014). ‘What do you want to say?’ How adolescents use translanguaging to expand learning opportunities. International Multilingual Research Journal, 8(3), 208–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/19313152.2014.914372
   Google Scholar
• Mazak, C. M. (2017). Introduction: Theorizing translanguaging practices in higher education. In C. Mazak & K. S. Carroll (Eds.), Translanguaging in higher education: Beyond monolingual ideologies (pp. 1–10). Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Menken, K., & García, O. (2010). Negotiating language policies in schools: Educators as policymakers. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Mercer, N. (2004). Sociocultural discourse analysis: Analysing classroom talk as a social mode of thinking. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1(2), 137–168. https://doi.org/10.1558/japl.2004.1.2.137
   Google Scholar
• Neokleous, G. (2017). Closing the gap: Student attitudes toward first language use in monolingual EFL classrooms. TESOL Journal, 8(2), 314–341. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norany, N. B., & Osman, S. (n.d.). Translanguaging: A pragmatic approach to dual language programme. https://www.academia.edu/34011137/Translanguaging_A_Pragmatic_Approach_to_Dual_Language_Programme
   Google Scholar
• Otheguy, R., García, O., & Reid, W. (2015). Clarifying translanguaging and deconstructing named languages: A perspective from linguistics. Applied Linguistics Review, 6(3), 281–307. https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2015-0014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otheguy, R., García, O., & Reid, W. (2018). A translanguaging view of the linguistic system of bilinguals. Applied Linguistics Review. https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2018-0020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oxford, R. (1997). Cooperative learning, collaborative learning, and interaction: Three communication strands in the language classroom. Modern Language Journal, 81(4), 443–456. https://doi.org/10.2307/328888
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacheco, M. B. (2016). Translanguaging in the English-centric classroom: A communities of practice perspective [Doctoral dissertation, Vanderbilt University]. Vanderbilt University Institutional Repository.
   Google Scholar
• Rajendram, S. (2019). Translanguaging as an agentive, collaborative and socioculturally responsive pedagogy for multilingual learners (Publication No. 22620764) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Rosa, J., & Flores, N. (2017). Unsettling race and language: Toward a raciolinguistic perspective. Language in Society, 46(5), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404517000562
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosiers, K., van Lancker, I., & Delarue, S. (2018). Beyond the traditional scope of translanguaging: Comparing translanguaging practices in Belgian multilingual and monolingual classroom contexts. Language & Communication, 61, 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2017.11.003. http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8530348
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, R. (2013, August 5). The real problem in ‘balik Cina, balik India’ not solved. Malaysia Today. https://www.malaysia-today.net/2013/08/05/the-real-problem-in-balik-cina-balik-india-not-solved/
   Google Scholar
• Sipalan, J. (2018, December 4). In ‘New Malaysia’, race continues to cast a long shadow. The Star. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/04/in-new-malaysia-race-continues-to-cast-a-long-shadow/
   Google Scholar
• Stille, S. V. V., Bethke, R., Bradley-Brown, J., Giberson, J., & Hall, G. (2016). Broadening educational practice to include translanguaging: An outcome of educator inquiry into multilingual students’ learning needs. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 72(4), 480–503. https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.3432
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, M., & Lin, A. M. Y. (2020). Translanguaging and named languages: Productive tension and desire. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 23(4), 423–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2017.1360243
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Lier, L. (2004). The ecology and semiotics of language learning: A sociocultural perspective. Kluwer Academic.
   Google Scholar
• van Lier, L. (2008). Agency in the classroom. In J. P. Lantolf & M. E. Poehner (Eds.), Sociocultural theory and the teaching of second languages (pp. 163–186). Equinox.
   Google Scholar
• Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vygotsky, L. S. (1986). Thought and language. The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Walqui, A. (2006). Scaffolding instruction for English language learners: A conceptual framework. The International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 9(2), 159–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050608668639
   Google Scholar
• Wertsch, J. V. (1985). Vygotsky and the social formation of mind. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wiley, T. G., & García, O. (2016). Language policy and planning in language education: Legacies, consequences, and possibilities. The Modern Language Journal, 100(S1), 48–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, C. (1994). Arfarniad o ddulliau dysgu ac addysgu yng nghyddestun addysg uwchradd ddwyieithog [An evaluation of teaching and learning methods in the context of bilingual secondary education] [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Wales.
   Google Scholar
• World Atlas. (2018). What languages are spoken in Malaysia? https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-malaysia.html
   Google Scholar