Exploring the diversity of flies (Diptera)

REFERENCES

• Adams , M. D. 2000 . The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. . Science , 287 : 2185 – 2195 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldrich , J. R. , Lusby , W. R. , Marron , B. E. , Nicolaou , K. C. , Hoffmann , M. P. and Wilson , L. T. 1989 . Pheromone blends of green stink bugs and possible parasitoid selection . Naturwissenschaften , 76 : 173 – 175 .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , G. S. 1997 . The use of insects to determine time of decapitation: a case study from British Columbia . Journal of Forensic Science , 42 : 947 – 950 .
   Google Scholar
• Askew , R. R. 1971 . Parasitic Insects , London : Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Avila , F. W. and Goff , M. L. 1998 . Arthropod succession patterns onto burnt carrion in two contrasting habitats in the Hawaiian Islands . Journal of Forensic Science , 43 : 581 – 586 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , C. H. 1999 . A biological basis for management of glowworm (Diptera: Keroplatidae: Arachnocampa flava Harrison) populations of ecotourism significance , Bachelor of Science Honours Thesis University of Queensland .
   Google Scholar
• Baker , H. G. and Baker , I. 1990 . The predictive value of nectar chemistry to the recognition of pollinator types . Israel Journal of Botany , 39 : 157 – 166 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , R. H. and DeSalle , R. 1997 . Multiple sources of character information and the phylogeny of Hawaiian drosophilids . Systematic Biology , 46 : 654 – 673 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , R. H. , Wilkinson , G. S. and DeSalle , R. 2001 . Phylogenetic utility of different types of molecular data used to infer evolutionary relationships among stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae) . Systematic Biology , 50 : 87 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• Benecke , M. 1998 . Six forensic entomology cases: description and commentary . Journal of Forensic Science , 43 : 797 – 805 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg , C. O. and Knutson , L. 1978 . Biology and systematics of the Sciomyzidae . Annual Review of Entomology , 23 : 239 – 258 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergeret , M. 1855 . Infanticide, momification du cadavre. Découverte du cadavre d'un enfant nouveau—né dans une cheminée ou il s'etait momifié. Determination de l'époque de la naissance par la présence de nymphes et de larves d'insectes dans le cadavre et par l'étude de leurs metamorphoses . Annales d'hygiène publique et de médecine légale , 4 : 442 – 452 .
   Google Scholar
• Bernasconi , M. V. , Valsangiacomo , C. , Piffaretti , J. C. and Ward , P. I. 2000 . Phylogenetic relationships among Muscoidea (Diptera: Calyptratae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences . Insect Molecular Biology , 9 : 67 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernasconi , M. V. , Pawlowski , J. , Valsangiacomo , C. , Piffaretti , J. C. and Ward , P. I. 2001 . Phylogeny of the genus Scathophaga (Diptera: Scathophagidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences . Canadian Journal of Zoology , 79 : 517 – 524 .
   Google Scholar
• Besansky , N. J. and Fahey , G. T. 1997 . Utility of the white gene in estimating phylogenetic relationships among mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) . Molecular Biology and Evolution , 14 : 442 – 454 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyer , J. C. , Enos , W. F. and Stajic , M. 1980 . Drug identification through analysis of maggots . Journal of Forensic Science , 25 : 411 – 412 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broadley , R. A. 1998 . Behavioural ecology and prey attraction of the New Zealand glowworm Arachnocampa luminosa (Skuse) (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) in bush and cave habitats , Master of Science Thesis Massey University .
   Google Scholar
• Brower , A. Z. and DeSalle , R. 1994 . Practical and theoretical considerations for choice of a DNA sequence region in insect molecular systematics, with a short review of published studies using nuclear gene regions . Annals of the Entomological Society of America , 87 : 702 – 716 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brower , L. P. , Brower , J. Vz. and Westcott , P. W. 1960 . Experimental studies of mimicry. 5. The reactions of toads (Bufo terrestris) to bumblebees (Bombus americanorum) and their robberfly mimics (Mallophora bomboides), with a discussion of aggressive mimicry . American Naturalist , 94 : 343 – 356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , B. V. 2001 . “ Flies, gnats and mosquitoes ” . In Encyclopedia of Biodiversity , Edited by: Levin , S. A. Vol. 2 , 815 – 826 . San Diego : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , B. V. and Feener , D. H. J. 1991 . Behavior and host location cues of Apocephalus paraponerae (Diptera: Phoridae), a parasitoid of the giant tropical ant, Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) . Biotropica , 23 : 182 – 187 .
   Google Scholar
• Bruce-Chwatt , L. J. 1988 . “ History of malaria from prehistory to eradication ” . In Malaria. Principles and Practice of Malariology , Edited by: Wernsdorfer , W. H. and McGregor , I. Vol. 1 , 1 – 59 . Edinburgh, London, Melbourne and New York : Churchill Livingstone .
   Google Scholar
• Burger , J. F. , Anderson , J. R. and Knudsen , M. F. 1980 . The habits and life history of Oedoparena glauca (Diptera: Dryomyzidae), a predator of barnacles . Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington , 82 ( 3 ) : 360 – 377 .
   Google Scholar
• Caterino , M. S. , Cho , S. and Sperling , F. A. H. 2000 . The current state of insect molecular systematics: a thriving tower of Babel . Annual Review of Entomology , 45 : 1 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catts , E. P. 1992 . Problems in estimating the postmortem interval in death investigations . Journal of Agricultural Entomology , 9 : 245 – 255 .
   Google Scholar
• Catts , E. P. and Goff , M. L. 1992 . Forensic entomology in criminal investigations . Annual Review of Entomology , 37 : 253 – 272 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colless , D. H. 1994 . A new family of muscoid Diptera from Australasia, with sixteen new species in four new genera (Diptera: Axiniidae) . Invertebrate Taxonomy , 8 : 471 – 534 .
   Google Scholar
• Colless , D. H. , McAlpine , D. K. and Naumann , I. D. 1991 . The Insects of Australia. A textbook for students and research workers, , Second edition , Vol. 2 , 717 – 786 . Melbourne, Victoria : Melbourne University Press . 39. Diptera (Flies)
   Google Scholar
• Cumming , J. M. 1994 . Sexual selection and the evolution of dance fly mating systems (Diptera: Empididae; Empidinae) . The Canadian Entomologist , 126 : 907 – 920 .
   Google Scholar
• Cumming , J. M. and Cooper , B. E. 1993 . Techniques for obtaining adult-associated immature stages of predacious tachydromiine flies (Diptera: Empidoidea), with implications for rearing and biocontrol . Entomological News , 104 ( 2 ) : 93 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Curtis , C. F. and Lines , J. D. 2000 . Should DDT be banned by international treaty? . Parasitology Today , 16 : 119 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Dale , P. E. , Dale , P. T. , Hulsman , K. and Kay , B. H. 1993 . Runnelling to control saltmarsh mosquitoes: long-term efficacy and environmental impacts . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 9 : 174 – 81 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis , J. B. and Goff , M. L. 2000 . Decomposition patterns in terrestrial and intertidal habitats on Oahu Island and Coconut Island, Hawaii . Journal of Forensic Science , 45 : 836 – 842 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeSalle , R. 1992 . The phylogenetic relationships of flies in the family Drsosophildae deduced from mtDNA sequences . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 1 : 31 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Zulueta , J. 1994 . Malaria and ecosystems: from prehistory to posteradication . Parasitologia , 36 : 7 – 15 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Disney , R. H. L. 1997 . “ 3.4. Family Phoridae ” . In Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with special reference to flies of economic importance) , Edited by: Papp , L. and Darvas , B. Vol. 3 , 51 – 79 . Budapest : Higher Brachycera. Science Herald .
   Google Scholar
• Dobson , R. 2000 . New fly trap may reduce prevalence of blindness from trachoma . Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 78 : 1282
   Google Scholar
• Downes , J. A. 1958 . The feeding habits of biting flies and their significance in classification . Annual Review of Entomology , 3 : 249 – 266 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downes , J. A. 1978 . Feeding and mating in the insectivorous Ceratopogoninae (Diptera) . Memoirs of the the Entomological Society of Canada , 104 : 1 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Early , M. and Goff , M. L. 1986 . Arthropod succession patterns in exposed carrion on the island of O'ahu, Hawaiian Islands, USA . Journal of Medical Entomology , 23 : 520 – 531 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebsworth , P. , Bryan , J. H. and Foley , D. H. 2001 . Ecological distribution of mosquito larvae of the Anopheles punctulatus group on Niolam (Lihir) Island, Papua New Guinea . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 17 : 181 – 185 .
   Google Scholar
• Eggleton , P. and Belshaw , R. 1992 . Insect parasitoids: an evolutionary overview . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (B) , 337 ( 1279 ) : 1 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Eggleton , P. and Belshaw , R. 1993 . Comparisons of dipteran, hymenopteran and coleopteran parasitoids: Provisional phylogenetic explanations . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 48 : 213 – 226 .
   Google Scholar
• English-Loeb , G. M. , Karban , R. and Brody , A. K. 1990 . Arctiid larvae survive attack by a tachinid parasitoid and produce viable offspring . Ecological Entomology , 15 : 361 – 362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein , P. R. 2001 . Climate change and emerging infectious diseases . Microbes and Infection , 3 : 747 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feener , D. H. J. and Brown , B. V. 1993 . Oviposition behavior of an ant-parasitizing fly, Neodohrniphora curvinervis (Diptera: Phoridae), and defense behavior by its leaf-cutting ant host Atta cephalopes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) . Journal of Insect Behavior , 6 : 675 – 688 .
   Google Scholar
• Feener , D. H. J. and Brown , B. V. 1997 . Diptera as parasitoids . Annual Review of Entomology , 42 : 73 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feener , D. H. J. , Jacobs , L. F. and Schmidt , J. O. 1996 . Specialized parasitoid attracted to a pheromone of ants . Animal Behavior , 51 : 61 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Feener , D. H. J. and Moss , K. A. G. 1990 . Defense against parasites by hitchhikers in leaf-cutting ants: A quantitative assessment . Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , 26 : 17 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrar , P. 1987 . “ A Guide to the Breeding Habits and Immature Stages of Diptera Cyclorrhapha ” . In Entomonograph 8 , Edited by: Lyneborg , L. Vol. 1 & 2 , Leiden, Copenhagen : E.J. Brill/Scandinavian Science Press .
   Google Scholar
• Foley , D. H. , Paru , R. , Dagoro , H. and Bryan , J. H. 1993 . Allozyme analysis reveals six species within the Anopheles punctulatus complex of mosquitoes in Papua New Guinea . Medical and Veterinary Entomology , 7 : 37 – 48 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley , D. H. , Meek , S. R. and Bryan , J. H. 1994 . The Anopheles punctulatus group of mosquitoes in the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu surveyed by allozyme electrophoresis . Medical and Veterinary Entomology , 8 : 340 – 350 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley , D. H. , Bryan , J. H. , Yeates , D. K. and Saul , A. 1998 . Evolution and systematics of Anopheles: insights from a molecular phylogeny of Australasian mosquitoes . Molecular Systematics and Evolution , 9 : 262 – 275 .
   Google Scholar
• Foote , B. A. 1995 . Biology of shore flies . Annual Review of Entomology , 40 : 417 – 442 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foote , R. H. , Blanc , F. L. and Norrbom , A. L. 1993 . Handbook of the fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of America North of Mexico , Ithaca : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Foster , W. A. and Taylor , R. M. 1991 . The butterfly of mosquitoes . Natural History , 7.91 : 40 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Free , J. B. 1993 . Insect Pollination of Crops, , 2nd edition , London, , UK : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Friedlander , T. P. , Regier , J. C. and Mitter , C. 1992 . Nuclear gene sequences for higher level phylogenetic analysis: 14 promising candidates . Systematic Biology , 41 : 483 – 489 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagné , R. J. 1981 . “ Cecidomyiidae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 1 , 257 – 292 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 27 . Chapter 16
   Google Scholar
• Gagné , R. J. 1989 . The plant-feeding gall midges of North America , Ithaca : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , G. and Torr , S. J. 1999 . Visual and olfactory responses of haematophagous Diptera to host stimuli . Medical and Veterinary Entomology , 13 : 2 – 23 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goff , M. L. 1991 . Comparison of insect species associated with decomposing remains recovered inside dwellings and outdoors on the island of Oahu, Hawaii . Journal of Forensic Science , 36 : 748 – 753 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goff , M. L. 1992 . Problems in estimation of postmortem interval resulting from wrapping of the corpse: a case study from Hawaii . Journal of Agricultural Entomology , 9 : 237 – 243 .
   Google Scholar
• Goldblatt , P. and Manning , J. C. 2000 . The long-proboscid fly pollination system in southern Africa . Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , 87 : 146 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• Graczyk , T. K. , Knight , R. , Gilman , R. H. and Cranfield , M. R. 2001 . The role of non-biting flies in the epidemiology of human infectious diseases . Microbes and Infection , 3 : 231 – 235 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gratz , N. G. 1999 . Emerging and resurging vector-borne diseases . Annual Review of Entomology , 44 : 51 – 75 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimaldi , D. 1999 . The co-radiations of pollinating insects and angiosperms in the Cretaceous . Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , 86 : 373 – 406 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimaldi , D. and Nguyen , T. 1999 . Monograph on the spittlebug flies, genus Cladochaeta (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Cladochaetini) . Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History , 241 : 1 – 326 .
   Google Scholar
• Haddow , A. J. 1965 . Yellow fever in Central Uganda 1964: Part 1. Historical introduction . Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropcial Medicine and Hygiene , 59 : 436 – 440 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , J. C. 1981 . “ Bombyliidae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 1 , 589 – 602 . Ottawa Chapter 45, Agriculture Canada Monograph 27
   Google Scholar
• Han , H. Y. 2000 . Molecular phylogenetic study of the tribe Trypetini (Diptera: Tephritidae), using mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA sequences . Biochemical Systematics and Ecology , 28 : 501 – 513 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harbach , R. E. 1994 . Review of the internal classification of the genus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae): the foundation for comparative systematics and phylogenetic research . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 84 : 331 – 342 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , G. 1978 . Mosquitoes, Malaria and Man: A History of the Hostilities Since 1880, , 1st Ed. , London : John Murray .
   Google Scholar
• Harrison , R. A. 1966 . Australian glow-worms of the genus Arachnocampa Edwards . Pacific Insects , 8 : 877 – 883 .
   Google Scholar
• Hemingway , J. and Ranson , H. 2000 . Insecticide resistance in insect vectors of human disease . Annual Review of Entomology , 45 : 371 – 391 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickman , V. V. 1965 . On Planarivora insignis gen et sp. n. (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), whose larval stages are parasitic in land planarians . Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania , 99 : 1 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Hocking , B. 1953 . The intrinsic range and speed of flight of insects . Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London , 104 : 223 – 345 .
   Google Scholar
• Hölldobler , B. and Wilson , E. O. 1994 . “ Journey to the Ants ” . In A story of Scientific Exploration , Cambridge, MA : Belknap Press of Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hogue , C. L. 1981 . “ Blephariceridae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 1 , 191 – 197 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Howden , H. F. 1964 . The Mercure Trial: a sideline of entomology . The Canadian Entomologist , 96 : 121
   Google Scholar
• Huckett , H. C. 1987 . “ Anthomyiidae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 2 , 1099 – 1114 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 28 . Chapter 104
   Google Scholar
• Huckett , H. C. and Vockeroth , J. R. 1987 . “ Muscidae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 2 , 1115 – 1131 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 28 . Chapter 105
   Google Scholar
• Hunter , F. F. , Burgin , S. G. and Woodhouse , A. 2000 . Shattering the folklore: blackflies do not pollinate sweet lowbush blueberry . Canadian Journal of Zoology , 78 : 2051 – 2054 .
   Google Scholar
• Introna , F. , Lo Dico , C. , Caplan , Y. H. and Smialek , J. E. 1990 . Opiate analysis in cadaveric blowfly larvae as an indicator of narcotic intoxication . Journal of Forensic Science , 35 : 118 – 122 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Introna , F. , Campobasso , C. P. and Di Fazio , A. 1998 . Three case studies in forensic entomology from Southern Italy . Journal of Forensic Science , 43 : 210 – 214 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin , M. E. and Wiegmann , B. M. 2001 . A review of the southern African genus Tongamya (Diptera: Asiloidea: Mydidae: Megascelinae), with a molecular assessment of the phylogenetic placement of Tongamya and the Megascelinae . African Invertebrates , 42 : 225 – 253 .
   Google Scholar
• Ito , J. , Ghosh , A. , Moreira , L. A. , Wimmer , E. A. and Jacobs-Lorena , M. 2002 . Transgenic anopheline mosquitoes impaired in transmission of a malaria parasite . Nature , 417 : 452 – 455 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jolivet , P. 1992 . Insects and plants. Parallel evolution and adaptations. , Second Edition , Sandhill Crane Press . Flora and Fauna Handbook 2
   Google Scholar
• Jordan , A. M. 1995 . Control of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) with the aid of attractants . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 11 : 249 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Kearns , C. A. 2001 . North American dipteran pollinators: assessing their value and conservation status . Conservation Ecology , 5 ( 1 ) : 5 [online] URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol5/iss1/art5
   Google Scholar
• Kevan , P. G. 1972 . Insect pollination of High Arctic flowers . Journal of Ecology , 60 : 831 – 847 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kevan , P. G. 2001 . “ Pollination: A plinth, pedestal, and pillar for terrestrial productivity. The why, how, and where of pollination protection, conservation and promotion ” . In Bees and Crop Pollination—Crisis, Crossroads, Conservation , Edited by: Stubbs , C. S. and Drummond , F. A. 7 – 68 . Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Entomological Society of America .
   Google Scholar
• Kevan , P. G. and Baker , H. G. 1983 . Insects as flower visitors and pollinators . Annual Review of Entomology , 28 : 407 – 453 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kevan , P. G. , Tikhmenev , E. A. and Usui , M. 1993 . Insects and plants in the pollination ecology of the boreal zone . Ecological Research , 8 : 247 – 267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knipling , E. F. 1960 . Use of insects for their own destruction . Journal of Economic Entomology , 53 ( 3 ) : 415 – 420 .
   Google Scholar
• Kornberg , T. B. and Krasnow , M. A. 2000 . The Drosophila genome sequence: implications for biology and medicine . Science , 287 : 2218 – 2220 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krivosheina , N. P. 1979 . “ The systematics and biology of Palaearctic species of Diptera of the family Odiniidae—entomophages of xylophilous insects ” . In Insects destroying wood and their entomophages , Edited by: Pravdin , F. N. 130 – 157 . Moscow : Nauka Publishing House .
   Google Scholar
• Krzywinski , J. , Wilkerson , R. C. and Besansky , N. J. 2001 . Toward understanding Anophelinae (Diptera, Culicidae) phylogeny: insights from nuclear single copy genes and the weight of evidence . Systematic Biology , 50 : 540 – 559 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwiatowski , J. and Ayala , F. 1999 . Phylogeny of Drosophila and related genera: conflict between molecular and anatomical analyses . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 13 : 319 – 328 .
   Google Scholar
• Labandeira , C. C. 1998 . How old is the flower and the fly? . Science , 280 : 57 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Lachance , M. A. , Starmer , W. T. , Rosa , C. A. , Bowles , J. M. , Barker , J. S. F. and Janzen , D. H. 2001 . Biogeography of the yeasts of ephemeral flowers and their insects . FEMS Yeast Research , 1 : 1 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson , B. M. H. , Kevan , P. G. and Inouye , D. W. 2001 . Flies and flowers: Taxonomic diversity of anthophiles and pollinators . The Canadian Entomologist , 133 : 439 – 465 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levesque , C. M. and Burger , J. F. 1982 . Insects (Diptera, Hymenoptera) associated with Minuartia groenlandica (Caryophyllaceae) on Mount Washington, New Hampshire, U.S.A., and their possible role as pollinators . Arctic and Alpine Research , 14 : 117 – 124 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lord , W. D. , Adkins , T. R. and Catts , E. P. 1992 . The use of Synthesiomyia nudesita (Van Der Wulp) (Diptera: Muscidae) and Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to estimate the time of death of a body buried under a house . Journal of Agricultural Entomology , 9 : 227 – 235 .
   Google Scholar
• Lord , W. D. , Goff , M. L. , Adkins , T. R. and Haskell , N. H. 1994 . The black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) as a potential measure of human postmortem interval: observations and case histories . Journal of Forensic Science , 39 : 215 – 222 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lounibos , L. P. 1991 . A mother superior . Natural History , 7.91 : 46 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Lounibos , L. P. 2002 . Invasions by insect vectors of human disease . Annual Review of Entomology , 47 : 233 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maa , T. C. and Peterson , B. V. 1987 . “ Hippoboscidae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 2 , 1271 – 1281 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 28 . Chapter 111
   Google Scholar
• Madsen , M. , Overgaard Nielsen , B. , Holter , P. , Pedersen , O. C. , Brø , J. , chner Jespersen , K. , Vagn Jensen , M. , Nansen , P. and Grønvold , J. 1990 . Treating cattle with Ivermectin: Effects on the fauna and decomposition of dung pats . Journal of Applied Ecology , 27 : 1 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makarevich , I. F. , Berezikov , E. V. , Guryev , V. P. and Blinov , A. G. 2000 . Molecular phylogeny of the Chironomus genus deduced from nucleotide sequences of two nuclear genes, ssp160, and the globin 2b gene . Molekulyarnaya Biologiya Moscow , 24 : 701 – 707 .
   Google Scholar
• Mann , R. W. , Bass , W. M. and Meadows , L. 1990 . Time since death and decomposition of the human body: Variables and observations in case and experimental field studies . Journal of Forensic Sciences , 35 : 103 – 111 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason , C. F. 1977 . Decomposition 58 The Institute of Biology's Studies in Biology no. 74
   Google Scholar
• May , Y. Y. 1979 . The biology of Cephalops curtifrons (Diptera: Pipunculidae), an endoparasite of Stenocranus minutus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 66 ( 1 ) : 15 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• McApline , J. F. 1981 . “ Morphology and terminology—adults ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 1 , 9 – 63 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 27 . Chapter 2
   Google Scholar
• McAlpine , J. F. 1987a . “ Piophilidae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 2 , 845 – 852 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 28 . Chapter 69
   Google Scholar
• McAlpine , J. F. 1987b . “ Cryptochetidae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 2 , 1069 – 1072 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 28 . Chapter 100
   Google Scholar
• McAlpine , J. F. , Peterson , B. V. , Shewell , G. E. , Teskey , H. J. , Vockeroth , J. R. and Wood , D. M. 1981 . Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Vol. 1 , Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 27 .
   Google Scholar
• McAlpine , J. F. , Peterson , B. V. , Shewell , G. E. , Teskey , H. J. , Vockeroth , J. R. and Wood , D. M. 1987 . Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Vol. 2 , Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 28 .
   Google Scholar
• McCall , P. J. , Turnlings , T. C. J. , Lewis , W. J. and Tumlinson , J. H. 1993 . Role of plant volatiles in host location by the specialist parasitoid Microplitis croceipes Cresson (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) . Journal of Insect Behavior , 6 : 625 – 639 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKnight , B. E. 1981 . The Washing Away of Wrongs: Forensic Medicine in Thirteenth-Century China , Ann Arbor : Univ. Michigan .
   Google Scholar
• McPheron , B. A. and Han , H. Y. 1997 . Phylogenetic analysis of North American Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae) and related genera using mitochondrial DNA sequence data . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 7 : 1 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Megnin , J. P. 1894 . La faune des cadavres: application de l'entomologie à la médecine légale , Paris : Masson et Gauthiers-Villars .
   Google Scholar
• Mellor , P. S. , Boorman , J. and Baylis , M. 2000 . Culicoides biting midges: their role as arbovirus vectors . Annual Review of Entomology , 45 : 307 – 340 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merritt , R. W. Black fly pupae help to solve a murder case . Third International Congress of Dipterology. Abstract Volume . Guelph, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Miller , B. R. , Crabtree , M. B. and Savage , H. M. 1997 . Phylogenetic relationships of the Culicomorpha inferred from 18S and 5.8S ribosomal DNA sequences (Diptera: Nematocera) . Insect Molcular Biology , 6 : 105 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , M. L. , Lord , W. D. , Goff , M. L. , Donnelly , B. , McDonough , T. and Alexis , J. C. 1994 . Isolation of amitriptyline and nortriptyline from fly puparia (Phoridae) and beetle exuviae (Dermestidae) associated with mummified human remains . Journal of Forensic Science , 39 : 1305 – 1313 .
   Google Scholar
• Miyagi , I. 1981 . Malaya leei (Wharton) on ants in Papua New Guinea (Diptera: Culicidae) . Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology , 32 : 332 – 333 .
   Google Scholar
• Moore , C. G. 1999 . Aedes albopictus in the United States: current status and prospects for further spread . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 15 : 221 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Moore , J. C. , Walter , D. E. and Hunt , H. W. 1988 . Arthropod regulation of microand mesobiota in below-ground detrital food webs . Annual Review of Entomology , 33 : 419 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moulton , J. K. 2000 . Molecular sequence data resolves basal divergences within Simuliidae (Diptera) . Systematic Entomology , 25 : 95 – 113 .
   Google Scholar
• Muraji , M. and Nakahara , S. 2001 . Phylogenetic relationships among fruit flies, Bactrocera (Diptera, Tephritidae), based on the mitochondrial rDNA sequences . Insect Molecular Biology , 10 : 549 – 559 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najera , J. A. 1989 . Malaria and the work of WHO . Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 67 : 229 – 243 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nirmala , X. , Hypsa , V. and Zurovec , M. 2001 . Molecular phylogeny of Calyptratae (Diptera: Brachycera): the evolution of 18S and 16S ribosomal rDNAs in higher dipterans and their use in phylogenetic inference . Insect Molecular Biology , 10 ( 5 ) : 475 – 85 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris , A. 1894 . Observations on the New Zealand Glow-worm . Bolitophilia luminosa. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine , 30 : 202 – 203 .
   Google Scholar
• O'Grady , P. M. , Clark , J. B. and Kidwell , M. G. 1998 . Phylogeny of the Drosophila slatans species group based on combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences . Molecular Biology and Evolution , 15 : 656 – 664 .
   Google Scholar
• Oldroyd , H. 1964 . The natural history of flies , London : Weidenfeld and Nicolson .
   Google Scholar
• Oliver , D. R. 1964 . A limnological investigation of a large arctic lake, Nettilling Lake, Baffin Island . Journal of the Arctic Institute of North America , 17 : 69 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Papp , L. 1998 . “ Family Cremifaniidae ” . In Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with special reference to flies of economic importance) , Edited by: Papp , L. and Darvas , B. Vol. 3 , 409 – 414 . Budapest : Higher Brachycera. Science Herald . 3.39
   Google Scholar
• Pawlowski , J. , Szandziewski , R. , Kmieciak , D. , Fahrni , J. and Bittar , G. 1996 . Phylogeny of the infraorder Culicomorpha (Diptera: Nematocera) based on 28S RNA gene sequences . Systematic Entomology , 21 : 167 – 178 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelandakis , M. and Solignac , M. 1993 . Molecular phylogeny of Drosophila based on ribosomal RNA sequences . Journal of Molecular Evolution , 37 : 525 – 543 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellmyr , O. 1992 . The phylogeny of a mutualism: evolution and coadaptation between Trollius and its seed-parasitic pollinators . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 47 : 337 – 365 .
   Google Scholar
• Perel , T. S. , Karpachevsky , L. O. and Yegorova , E. V. 1971 . The role of Tipulidae (Diptera) larvae in decomposition of forest litter-fall . Pedobiologia , 11 : 66 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Perkins , F. A. 1935 . “Glow-worms” and other insects collected at Numinbah, Nerang Valley, Easter camp, Queensland Naturalists' Club . Queensland Naturalist , 9 : 84 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Peterson , B. V. and Wenzel , R. L. 1987 . “ Nycteribiidae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 2 , 1283 – 1291 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 28 . Chapter 112
   Google Scholar
• Platt , A. P. and Harrison , S. J. 1995 . Robber fly and trout predation on adult dragonflies (Anisoptera: Aeshnidae) and first records of Aeshna umbrosa from Wyoming . Entomological News , 106 ( 5 ) : 229 – 235 .
   Google Scholar
• Pont , A. C. 1993 . Observations on anthophilous Muscidae and other Diptera in Abisko National Park, Sweden . Journal of Natural History , 27 : 631 – 643 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powers , N. R. and Cope , S. E. 2000 . William Crawford Gorgas: the great sanitarian . Wing Beats , 11 : 4 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Prescott , H. W. 1960 . Suppression of grasshoppers by nemestrinid parasites (Diptera) . Annals of the Entomological Society of America , 53 : 513 – 521 .
   Google Scholar
• Prichard , J. G. , Kossoris , P. D. , Leibovitch , R. A. , Robertson , D. and Lovell , F. W. 1986 . Implications of trombiculid mite bites: report of case and submission evidence in a murder trial . Journal of Forensic Science , 31 : 301 – 306 .
   Google Scholar
• Primack , R. B. 1978 . Variability in New Zealand montane and alpine pollinator assemblages . New Zealand Journal of Ecology , 1 : 66 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Primack , R. B. 1983 . Insect pollination in the New Zealand mountain flora . New Zealand Journal of Botany , 21 : 317 – 333 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proctor , M. , Yeo , P. and Lack , D. 1996 . The Natural History of Pollination , Portland, OR : Timber Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pruess , K. P. , Adams , B. J. , Parsons , T. J. , Zhu , X. and Powers , T. O. 2000 . Utility of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene for resolving relationships among black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 16 : 286 – 295 .
   Google Scholar
• Putman , R. J. 1978 . Flow of energy and organic matter from a carcass during decomposition . Oikos , 31 : 58 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Raw , A. 1968 . The behaviour of Leopoldius coronatus (Rond.) (Dipt., Conopidae) towards its Hymenopterous hosts . The Entomologist's monthly Magazine , 104 : 54
   Google Scholar
• Reiter , P. 2001 . Climate change and mosquito-borne disease . Environmental Health Perspectives , 109 ( Suppl 1 ) : 141 – 161 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rettenmeyer , C. W. 1961 . Observations on the biology and taxonomy of flies found over swarm raids of army ants (Diptera: Tachinidae, Conopidae) . The University of Kansas Science Bulletin , 42 ( 8 ) : 993 – 1066 .
   Google Scholar
• Richards , A. M. 1960 . Observations of the New Zealand Glow-worm Arachnocampa luminosa [Skuse] 1890 . Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 88 : 559 – 574 .
   Google Scholar
• Richards , E. N. and Goff , M. L. 1997 . Arthropod succession on exposed carrion in three contrasting tropical habitats on Hawaii Island, Hawaii . Journal of Medical Entomology , 34 : 328 – 339 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robert , D. , Amoroso , J. and Hoy , R. R. 1992 . The evolutionary convergence of hearing in a parasitoid fly and its cricket host . Science , 258 : 1135 – 1137 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rognes , K. 1998 . “ Family Calliphoridae ” . In Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with special reference to flies of economic importance) , Edited by: Papp , L. and Darvas , B. Vol. 3 , 617 – 648 . Budapest : Higher Brachycera. Science Herald . 3.51
   Google Scholar
• Rohdendorf , B. B. and Kalugina , N. S. 1974 . The finding of peculiar Diptera of the famely [sic] Nymphomyiidae in Primorje Territory . Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie , 53 : 686 – 694 .
   Google Scholar
• Roubik , D. W. 1995 . Pollination of Cultivated Plants in the Tropics , Rome, , Italy : Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations . Bulletin 118
   Google Scholar
• Rupp , H. R. 1996 . Adverse assessments of Gambusia affinis: an alternate view for mosquito control practitioners . Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association , 12 : 155 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo , C. A. M. , Takezaki , N. and Nei , M. 1995 . Molecular phylogeny and divergence times of drosophilid species . Molecular Biology and Evolution , 12 ( 3 ) : 391 – 404 .
   Google Scholar
• Sabrosky , C. W. 1987a . “ Carnidae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 2 , 909 – 912 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 28 . Chapter 80
   Google Scholar
• Sabrosky , C. W. 1987b . “ Chloropidae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 2 , 1049 – 1067 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 28 . Chapter 99
   Google Scholar
• Salt , G. 1968 . The resistence of insect parasitoids to the defense reactions of their hosts . Biological Review , 43 : 200 – 232 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanderson , M. J. and Doyle , J. A. 2001 . Sources of error and confidence intervals in estimating the age of angiosperms from rbcL and 18S rDNA data . American Journal of Botany , 88 ( 8 ) : 1499 – 1516 .
   Google Scholar
• Scheffer , S. and Wiegmann , B. E. 2000 . Molecular phylogenetics of the holly leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae: Phytomyza): species limits speciation and dietary specialization . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 17 : 244 – 255 .
   Google Scholar
• Schlinger , E. I. 1981 . “ Acroceridae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 1 , 575 – 584 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 27 . Chapter 43
   Google Scholar
• Schneider , F. 1969 . Bionomics and physiology of aphidophagous Syrphidae . Annual Review of Entomology , 14 : 103 – 124 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , J. A. 1968 . Hilltopping as a mating mechanism to aid the survival of low density species . Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera , 7 : 191 – 204 .
   Google Scholar
• Shean , B. S. , Messinger , L. and Papworth , M. 1993 . Observations of differential decomposition on sun exposed v. shaded pig carrion in coastal Washington State . Journal of Forensic Science , 38 : 938 – 949 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shewell , G. E. 1987a . “ Calliphoridae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 2 , 1133 – 1145 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 28 . Chapter 106
   Google Scholar
• Shewell , G. E. 1987b . “ Sarcophagidae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 2 , 1159 – 1186 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 28 . Chapter 108
   Google Scholar
• Shields , O. 1967 . Hilltopping . Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera , 6 ( 2 ) : 69 – 178 .
   Google Scholar
• Simon , C. , Frati , F. , Beckenbach , A. , Crespi , B. , Liu , H. and Flook , P. 1994 . Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers . Annals of the Entomological Society of America , 87 : 651 – 701 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skevington , J. and Marshall , S. A. 1997 . First record of a big-headed fly, Eudorylas alternatus (Cresson) (Diptera: Pipunculidae), reared from the subfamily Cicadellinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), with an overview of pipunculid-host associations in the Nearctic Region . The Canadian Entomologist , 129 ( 3 ) : 387 – 398 .
   Google Scholar
• Skevington , J. H. and Yeates , D. K. 2000 . Phylogeny of the Syrphoidea (Diptera) inferred from mtDNA sequences and morphology with particular reference to classification of the Pipunculidae (Diptera) . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 16 : 212 – 224 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skidmore , P. 1985 . The Biology of the Muscidae of the World , The Netherlands : Dr. W Junk .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , K. G. V. 1978 . “ Studying the behaviour of Diptera ” . In A Dipterist's Handbook, The Amateur Entomologist 15 Edited by: Stubbs , A. and Chandler , P. 241 – 249 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , K. G. V. 1986 . A manual of forensic entomology , Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Soper , R. S. , Shewell , G. E. and Tyrrell , D. 1976 . Colcondamyia auditrix nov. sp. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), a parasite which is attracted by the mating song of its host, Okanagana rimosa (Hymenoptera: Cicadidae) . The Canadian Entomologist , 108 : 61 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Speight , M. R. , Hunter , M. D. and Watt , A. D. 1999 . Ecology of insects: Concepts and applications , Blackwell Science .
   Google Scholar
• Spencer , K. A. 1973 . “ Agromyzidae (Diptera) of economic importance ” . In Series Entomologica 9 , The Hague : Dr. W. Junk .
   Google Scholar
• Steffan , W. A. 1973 . Polymorphism in Plastosciara perniciosa . Science , 182 : 1265 – 1266 .
   Google Scholar
• Steffan , W. A. 1975 . Morphological and behavioral polymorphism in Plastosciara perniciosa (Diptera: Sciaridae) . Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington , 77 ( 1 ) : 1 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Steyskal , G. C. 1987 . “ Pyrgotidae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 2 , 813 – 816 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 28 . Chapter 65
   Google Scholar
• Sun , Ge. , Dilcher , D. L. , Zheng , S. and Zhou , Z. 1998 . In search of the first flower: A Jurassic angiosperm, Archaefructus, from Northeast China . Science , 282 ( 5394 ) : 1692 – 1695 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swift , M. J. , Heal , O. W. and Anderson , J. M. 1979 . The decomposer organisms. Decomposition in Terrestrial Ecosystems , Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Tantawi , T. I. , El-Kady , E. M. , Greenberg , B. and El-Ghaffar , H. A. 1996 . Arthropod succession on exposed rabbit carrion in Alexandria, Egypt . Journal of Medical Entomology , 33 : 566 – 580 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teskey , H. J. 1976 . Diptera larvae associated with trees in North America . Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , 100 : 1 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Teskey , H. J. 1981a . “ Nemestrinidae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 1 , 585 – 588 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 27 . Chapter 44
   Google Scholar
• Teskey , H. J. 1981b . “ Vermileonidae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 1 , 529 – 532 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 27 . Chapter 39
   Google Scholar
• Thornhill , R. and Alcock , J. 1983 . The Evolution of Insect Mating Systems , Cambridge, Massachusetts : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tullis , K. and Goff , M. L. 1987 . Arthropod succession in exposed carrion in a tropical rainforest on O'ahu Island, Hawaii . Journal of Medical Entomology , 24 : 332 – 339 .
   Google Scholar
• Utzinger , J. , Tozan , Y. and Singer , B. H. 2001 . Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of environmental management for malaria control . Tropical Medicine and International Health , 6 : 677 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vala , J. C. , Bailey , P. T. and Gasc , C. 1990 . Immature stages of the fly Pelidnoptera nigripennis (Fabricius) (Diptera: Phaeomyiidae), a parasitoid of millipedes . Systematic Entomology , 15 : 391 – 399 .
   Google Scholar
• Vinson , S. B. 1984 . “ How parasitoids locate their hosts: A case of insect espionage ” . In Insect Communication , Edited by: Lewis , T. Vol. 1 , 325 – 348 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Vogel , S. 1954 . Blütenbiologische Typen als Elemente der Sippengliederung: dargestellt anhand de Flora Süd Afrikas . Botanische Studien , 1 : 1 – 338 .
   Google Scholar
• Vossbrinck , C. R. and Friedman , S. 1989 . A 28S ribosomal RNA phylogeny of certain cyclorrhaphous Diptera based upon a hypervariable region . Systematic Entomology , 14 : 417 – 431 .
   Google Scholar
• Vu , S. N. , Nguyen , T. Y. , Kay , B. H. , Marten , G. G. and Reid , J. W. 1998 . Eradication of Aedes aegypti from a village in Vietnam, using copepods and community participation . American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , 59 : 657 – 60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson , T. M. , Saul , A. and Kay , B. H. 2000 . Aedes notoscriptus (Diptera: Culicidae) survival and dispersal estimated by mark-release-recapture in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia . Journal of Medical Entomology , 37 : 380 – 384 .
   Google Scholar
• Wenzel , R. L. and Peterson , B. V. 1987 . “ Streblidae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 2 , 1293 – 1301 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 28 . Chapter 113
   Google Scholar
• Wheeler , W. M. 1930 . Demons of the Dust , New York : W.W. Norton & Company .
   Google Scholar
• Wiegmann , B. M. , Tsaur , S. C. , Webb , D. W. , Yeates , D. K. and Cassel , B. K. 2000 . Monophyly and relationships of the Tabanomorpha (Diptera:Brachycera) based on 28S ribosomal gene sequences . Annals of the Entomological Society of America , 93 : 1031 – 1038 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , F. X. 1919 . Some observations of Pipunculus flies which parasitize the cane leafhopper, at Pahala, Hawaii, Feb. 11-April 25, 1918 . Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society , 4 ( 1 ) : 68 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Winterton , S. L. , Yang , L. , Wiegmann , B. M. and Yeates , D. K. 2001 . Phylogenetic revision of Agapophytinae subf.n. (Diptera: Therevidae) based on molecular and morphological evidence . Systematic Entomology , 26 : 173 – 211 .
   Google Scholar
• Wirth , W. W. , Mathis , W. N. and Vockeroth , J. R. 1987 . “ Ephydridae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 2 , 1027 – 1047 . Agriculture Canada Monograph 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Wood , D. M. 1987a . “ Oestridae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 2 , 1147 – 1158 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 28 . Chapter 107
   Google Scholar
• Wood , D. M. 1987b . “ Rhinophoridae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 2 , 1187 – 1191 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 28 . Chapter 109
   Google Scholar
• Wood , D. M. 1987c . “ Tachinidae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 2 , 1193 – 1269 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 28 . Chapter 110
   Google Scholar
• Wood , G. C. 1981 . “ Asilidae ” . In Manual of Nearctic Diptera , Edited by: McAlpine , J. F. Vol. 1 , 549 – 573 . Ottawa : Agriculture Canada Monograph 27 .
   Google Scholar
• World Bank . 1993 . World Development Report 1993–Investing in Health , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , L. , Wiegmann , B. M. , Yeates , D. K. and Irwin , M. E. 2000 . Higher-level phylogeny of the Therevidae (Diptera: Insecta) based on 28S ribosomal and elongation factor-1alpha gene sequences . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 15 : 440 – 451 .
   Google Scholar
• Yeates , D. K. and Wiegmann , B. M. 1999 . Congruence and controversy: Toward a higher-level phylogeny of Diptera . Annual Review of Entomology , 44 : 397 – 428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar